211 exam 3 ch 23

159問 • 1年前

eiren

通報

問題一覧

The alimentary canal is responsible for

Digesting and absorbing food

The alimentary canal is

A continuous muscular tube running from mouth to anus

Ingestion is

Taking food into the digestive tract

Propulsion includes

Swallowing and peristalsis

Peristalsis is

Waves of contraction and relaxation of muscles in the organ walls

Mechanical breakdown includes

Chewing, mixing, churning in the stomach and segmentation in the small intestines

Segmentation occurs in

The small intestines

Segmentation is when

The small intestine alternates contracting/ relaxing

Chemical digestion is

The catabolic breakdown of food via enzymes

Absorption is

The passage of digested fragments from lumen of GI tract to blood or lymph

Peritonitis is

Inflammation of the peritoneum

The most common cause of peritonitis is

A ruptured appendix

A ruptured appendix causes peritonitis due to

Released fecal matter

A perforating ulcer causes peritonitis due to

Leaking gastric juices into peritoneal cavity

The mesentery does what in regards to organs and fat?

Holds digestive organs in place and holds fat

The mesentary provides routes for

Blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves

The greater omentum is

A fat apron with lymph nodes

The lesser omentum is located

Running from liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach

Peritoneal organs are

Organs surrounded by peritoneum

Retroperitoneal organs include

The pancreas the duodenum and parts of the large intestine

The four layers of the GI tract from lumen outward are

Mucosa- submucosa- muscularis externa- serosa

The major functions of the mucosa include

Secretion of mucus/enzymes/hormones and absorb end products of digestion

The mucosa aids in protection against infectious diseases

True

The submucosa is made of

Areolar connective tissue

The submucosa contains

Blood and lymphatic vessels

The layer responsible for segmentation and peristalsis is

The muscularis external

Thick spots in the muscularis external are called

Sphincters

Where does the hepatic portal circulation deliver blood to?

The liver for metabolic processing or storage

Cardiac output to the liver, spleen, stomach, and intestines increases after a meal

True

Where does the hepatic portal circulation collect venous blood?

The digestive organs

The GI tract has its own nervous system

True

The enteric nervous system is located in

The GI tract

Short reflexes of the enteric nervous system respond to

Stimuli in the GI tract

Examples of stimuli to the short reflexes include:

Stretch, changes in osmolarity/ph, presence of substrate, end products

Long reflexes of the enteric nervous system include

Stimuli arising from inside or outside the gut

The parasympathetic system inhibits the digestive process

False

The sympathetic system inhibits the digestive process

True

Digestion begins in the mouth

True

Amylase begins breaking down what and where does it occur

Starch in the mouth

What is the function of the labial frenulum?

Joins the internal lip to gum

What is the soft palate made of?

Skeletal muscle tissue

What is the function of the soft palate?

Closes of the nasopharynx during swallowing

The tongue is composed of skeletal muscle

True

What is bolus?

Food mixed with saliva

A basic environment is required for lingual lipase to be activated

False

What is lingual lipase?

Fat digesting enzyme

Where does amylase come from?

Saliva

Dry mouth can lead to bad breath

True

Salivary glands include what types of secretory cells?

Serous and mucus cells

What type of glands keep the mouth moist?

Intrinsic glands

What is the function of extrinsic salivary glands?

Secrete serous enzyme rich saliva

How many deciduous teeth does a human have?

How many permanent teeth does an adult human have?

What is cement

Calcified connective tissue attached to the periodontal ligament

What is dentin?

Protein rich bone-like material deep to the enamel and cement

What type of tissue is the pulp?

Connective tissue

The alaphragm helps keep the cardiac sphincter closed when not swallowing

True

What do parietal cells secrete?

Hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor

What type of cells produce pepsinogen and lipases?

Chief cells

What is chyme?

A mix of bolus with gastric juices

Hydrochloric acid denatures proteins in the stomach

True

What is intrinsic factor required for?

Absorption of B12

What is gingivitis?

Infection of the gums

How does gingivitis occur?

Accumulation of plaque buildup

What is periodontitis?

Tooth decay/loss from neglected gingivitis

Who is at higher risk for periodontitis?

Smokers, diabetes mellitus patients and people with oral piercings

What is the common name for gastroesophageal reflux disease?

Heartburn

What causes heartburn?

Regurgitated gastric juices into the esophagus

What is bilirubin?

A waste product of heme

What is the chief bile pigment?

Bilirubin

How and where is bilirubin metabolized?

By bacteria in the small intestines

What is bilirubin metabolized into?

Urobilinogen

What gives feces its brown color?

Stercobilin

What are the 3 extrinsic salivary glands?

Parotid, submandibular, sublingual

Which extrinsic glands contain mostly serous cells?

Parotid and submandibular

Which extrinsic glands consist of mostly mucus cells?

Sublingual glands

Which statement is true about intrinsic salivary glands?

The consist of equal parts serous and mucous cells

What do serous cells in salivary glands produce?

Watery secretion, enzymes, ions and some mucin

What do mucous cells in salivary glands produce?

Mucous

What is the hardest substance in the body?

Enamel

What are the 5 cell types of the stomach?

Mucous neck cells, parietal cells, chief cells, enteroendocrine cells, regenerative cells

What type of mucous do mucous neck cells secrete

Acidic mucous

What do parietal cells secrete?

Hydrochloric acid and intense factor

What do chief cells secrete?

Pepsinogen and lipases

Inactive pepsinogen is activated to ___

Pepsin

What is the order of activated pepsin?

First by hydrochloric acid in the stomach then pepsinogen is activated by pepsin via positive feedback

What does enteroendocrine cells secrete into the blood capillaries?

Somatostatin

Why does the stomach not digest itself?

Due to a thick mucosal barrier

Which statement is the about the stomachs mucosal banter?

The epithelial cells regenerate quickly and are joined by tight junctions

The stomach surface is renewed every 3 to 6 days

True

Identify the correct description of the stomachs mucosal barrier

It is a thick coat of bicarbonate-rich mucus

What is gastritis?

Inflammation of the stomach

What causes gastritis?

Anything that breaches the stomach's mucosal barrier

Aspirin can cause ulcers

True

Mechanical breakdown only occurs in the mouth

False

How are proteins and plant cell walls denatured in the stomach?

Hydrochloric acid

Where are lipid soluble alcohols and aspirin absorbed for delivery to the blood?

The stomach

What is required for vitamin B12 absorption?

Intrinsic factor

What is the function of pepsin?

Enzymatic breakdown of protein

100

Where does the most vigorous peristalsis occur?

Near the pylorus

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Ch 1

Ch 1

Mini practical

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Chapter 2

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Chapter 4

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Chapter 6

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Chapter 7

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Chapter l

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Chapter 2

Chapter 2

Chapter 4

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Mini practical 2

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Skills 8

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Skills 7

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Skills 5

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Skills 4

Skills 4

Skills 6

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Chapter 9

Chapter 9

Chapter 10

Chapter 10

Chapter 11

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Chapter 13

Chapter 13

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問題一覧

The alimentary canal is responsible for

Digesting and absorbing food

The alimentary canal is

A continuous muscular tube running from mouth to anus

Ingestion is

Taking food into the digestive tract

Propulsion includes

Swallowing and peristalsis

Peristalsis is

Waves of contraction and relaxation of muscles in the organ walls

Mechanical breakdown includes

Chewing, mixing, churning in the stomach and segmentation in the small intestines

Segmentation occurs in

The small intestines

Segmentation is when

The small intestine alternates contracting/ relaxing

Chemical digestion is

The catabolic breakdown of food via enzymes

Absorption is

The passage of digested fragments from lumen of GI tract to blood or lymph

Peritonitis is

Inflammation of the peritoneum

The most common cause of peritonitis is

A ruptured appendix

A ruptured appendix causes peritonitis due to

Released fecal matter

A perforating ulcer causes peritonitis due to

Leaking gastric juices into peritoneal cavity

The mesentery does what in regards to organs and fat?

Holds digestive organs in place and holds fat

The mesentary provides routes for

Blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves

The greater omentum is

A fat apron with lymph nodes

The lesser omentum is located

Running from liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach

Peritoneal organs are

Organs surrounded by peritoneum

Retroperitoneal organs include

The pancreas the duodenum and parts of the large intestine

The four layers of the GI tract from lumen outward are

Mucosa- submucosa- muscularis externa- serosa

The major functions of the mucosa include

Secretion of mucus/enzymes/hormones and absorb end products of digestion

The mucosa aids in protection against infectious diseases

True

The submucosa is made of

Areolar connective tissue

The submucosa contains

Blood and lymphatic vessels

The layer responsible for segmentation and peristalsis is

The muscularis external

Thick spots in the muscularis external are called

Sphincters

Where does the hepatic portal circulation deliver blood to?

The liver for metabolic processing or storage

Cardiac output to the liver, spleen, stomach, and intestines increases after a meal

True

Where does the hepatic portal circulation collect venous blood?

The digestive organs

The GI tract has its own nervous system

True

The enteric nervous system is located in

The GI tract

Short reflexes of the enteric nervous system respond to

Stimuli in the GI tract

Examples of stimuli to the short reflexes include:

Stretch, changes in osmolarity/ph, presence of substrate, end products

Long reflexes of the enteric nervous system include

Stimuli arising from inside or outside the gut

The parasympathetic system inhibits the digestive process

False

The sympathetic system inhibits the digestive process

True

Digestion begins in the mouth

True

Amylase begins breaking down what and where does it occur

Starch in the mouth

What is the function of the labial frenulum?

Joins the internal lip to gum

What is the soft palate made of?

Skeletal muscle tissue

What is the function of the soft palate?

Closes of the nasopharynx during swallowing

The tongue is composed of skeletal muscle

True

What is bolus?

Food mixed with saliva

A basic environment is required for lingual lipase to be activated

False

What is lingual lipase?

Fat digesting enzyme

Where does amylase come from?

Saliva

Dry mouth can lead to bad breath

True

Salivary glands include what types of secretory cells?

Serous and mucus cells

What type of glands keep the mouth moist?

Intrinsic glands

What is the function of extrinsic salivary glands?

Secrete serous enzyme rich saliva

How many deciduous teeth does a human have?

How many permanent teeth does an adult human have?

What is cement

Calcified connective tissue attached to the periodontal ligament

What is dentin?

Protein rich bone-like material deep to the enamel and cement

What type of tissue is the pulp?

Connective tissue

The alaphragm helps keep the cardiac sphincter closed when not swallowing

True

What do parietal cells secrete?

Hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor

What type of cells produce pepsinogen and lipases?

Chief cells

What is chyme?

A mix of bolus with gastric juices

Hydrochloric acid denatures proteins in the stomach

True

What is intrinsic factor required for?

Absorption of B12

What is gingivitis?

Infection of the gums

How does gingivitis occur?

Accumulation of plaque buildup

What is periodontitis?

Tooth decay/loss from neglected gingivitis

Who is at higher risk for periodontitis?

Smokers, diabetes mellitus patients and people with oral piercings

What is the common name for gastroesophageal reflux disease?

Heartburn

What causes heartburn?

Regurgitated gastric juices into the esophagus

What is bilirubin?

A waste product of heme

What is the chief bile pigment?

Bilirubin

How and where is bilirubin metabolized?

By bacteria in the small intestines

What is bilirubin metabolized into?

Urobilinogen

What gives feces its brown color?

Stercobilin

What are the 3 extrinsic salivary glands?

Parotid, submandibular, sublingual

Which extrinsic glands contain mostly serous cells?

Parotid and submandibular

Which extrinsic glands consist of mostly mucus cells?

Sublingual glands

Which statement is true about intrinsic salivary glands?

The consist of equal parts serous and mucous cells

What do serous cells in salivary glands produce?

Watery secretion, enzymes, ions and some mucin

What do mucous cells in salivary glands produce?

Mucous

What is the hardest substance in the body?

Enamel

What are the 5 cell types of the stomach?

Mucous neck cells, parietal cells, chief cells, enteroendocrine cells, regenerative cells

What type of mucous do mucous neck cells secrete

Acidic mucous

What do parietal cells secrete?

Hydrochloric acid and intense factor

What do chief cells secrete?

Pepsinogen and lipases

Inactive pepsinogen is activated to ___

Pepsin

What is the order of activated pepsin?

First by hydrochloric acid in the stomach then pepsinogen is activated by pepsin via positive feedback

What does enteroendocrine cells secrete into the blood capillaries?

Somatostatin

Why does the stomach not digest itself?

Due to a thick mucosal barrier

Which statement is the about the stomachs mucosal banter?

The epithelial cells regenerate quickly and are joined by tight junctions

The stomach surface is renewed every 3 to 6 days

True

Identify the correct description of the stomachs mucosal barrier

It is a thick coat of bicarbonate-rich mucus

What is gastritis?

Inflammation of the stomach

What causes gastritis?

Anything that breaches the stomach's mucosal barrier

Aspirin can cause ulcers

True

Mechanical breakdown only occurs in the mouth

False

How are proteins and plant cell walls denatured in the stomach?

Hydrochloric acid

Where are lipid soluble alcohols and aspirin absorbed for delivery to the blood?

The stomach

What is required for vitamin B12 absorption?

Intrinsic factor

What is the function of pepsin?

Enzymatic breakdown of protein

100

Where does the most vigorous peristalsis occur?

Near the pylorus