Midterm Gethics

60問 • 2年前

Wael Hi

通報

問題一覧

It is the first step in ethical decision making.

D. State the problem

In a number of cases problems disappear upon closer examination of the situation, while others change radically.

C. Check the facts

In this step you determine the persons invoved in the moral scenario.

A. Identify relevant factors

At this point you ask the question, "What other actions actions or decisions are available to you besides the original one that started you thinking?".

C. Develop a list of options

It is the fifth step in ethical decision making.

D. Test the options

At this stage you ask, "Are there any precautions you can take as an individual?."

A. Review steps 1 to 6

This is a test where you ask, "Would I still think this choice of option was good if it were applied to me instead of others, especially if some of the effects are adverse?".

C. Reversibility Test

This is a test where you ask, "Would I want others to know?".

C. Publicity Test

This is a test where you ask, "Does this option do less damage than the alternatives?

D. Harm Test

This is a test where you ask, "What might my profession's governing board or ethics committee say about this option?"

C. Colleague Test

This is a test where you ask, Could I stand up for this choice of option before a committee of peers, or a Congressional committee, without appearing self-serving?

A. Defensibility Test

This is a test where you ask, What does my company's elhics officer or legal counsel say about this?

B. Organizational Test

This is a test where you ask, What kind of person would I become if I did this kind of thing all the time?

D. Virtue Test

At this level, the child is responsive to culfural rules and labels of good and bad, right or wrong.

B. Pre-conventional Level

At this level, the individual perceives the maintenance of the expectafions of his family, group, or nation as valuable in its own right.

A. Conventional Level

The individual makes a clear effort to define moral values and principles that have validlity and application apart from the auihority of the groups of persons holding them and apart from the individual's own identification with the group.

D. Post Conventional Level

The physical consequences of action determine its goodness or badness regardless of the human meaning or value of these consequences.

D. The interpersonal concordance or "good boy-nice girl" orientation

Right action consists of what instrumentally satisfies one's own needs and occasionally the needs of others.

A. The instrumental relativist orientation.

Good behavior is what pleases or helps others and is approved by them.

B. The interpersonal concordance or "good boy-nice gir" orientation.

The individual is oriented toward authority, fixed rules, and the maintenance of the social order.

C. The "law and order" orientation.

Right action tends to be defined in terms of general individual rights and standards that have been critically examined and agreed upon by the whole.

C. The social-contract legalistic orientation

Right is defined by the decision of conscience in accord with self-chosen ethical principles that appeal to logical comprehensiveness, universality, and consistency.

D. The universal ethical-principle orientation.

The concem shifts toward obeying laws to maintain society as a whole.

B. Stage 4

It defines the principles by which agreement wil be most just.

D. Stage 6

Children think of what is right as that which authority says is right.

A. Stage 1

Children think of what is right as that which authority says is right.

A. Stage 1

Children are no longer so emphasizes being a good person, which basically means having helpful motives towards people ciose to one.

C. Stage 3

The stages are not just isolated responses but are general patterns of thought that will consistently show up across many different kinds of issues.

B. Structured wholes

People do not lose the insights gained at earlier stages. but integrate them info new, broader frameworks.

A. Hierorchic Integration

The sequence is the same in all cultures.

C. Universal Sequence

It is the only thing that truly has intrinsic value.

A. Pleasure

it means happiness.

D. Utility

Something has this when it is a means to some end.

B. Instrumental Value

It means that it is simply good in itself.

C. Intrinsic Value

Who said this? "the most moral acts are those which maximize pleasure and minimize pain."

B. Jeremy Bentham

He modified utilitarianism by focusing on the maximization of the general happiness by calculating the greatest good for the greatest number.

D. John Stuart Mill

He established an act utilitarianism

B. Jeremy Bentham

He established a rule utilitarianism.

D. John Stuart Mill

If the good outweighs the bad, then the action is moral.

D. Utilitarianism is a relatively simple ethical system to apply.

Logic rather than an adherence to biblical principles guides the ethical decision-making.

A. Utilitarianism avoids the need to appeal to divine revelation.

Making moral decisions using utilitarianism seems like a natural extension of our daily decision-making procedures.

B. Most people already use a form of utilitarianism in their daily decisions.

Which of the following does not belong to the group?

E. None of the above.

He acknowledges that situation ethics is essentially utilitarianism, but modifies the pleasure principle and calls it the agape (love) principle.

A. Joseph Fletcher

They are like the Pharisees in the time of Jesus who had all sorts of laws and regulations but no heart.

B. Legalist

They are like the libertines in Paul's day who pronmoted their lawlessness.

D. Antinomians

In utilitarianism actions are right insofar as they promote happiness.

True

In utilitarianism, the more happiness is produced among those affected by the action, the better the action is.

True

In utilitarianism everyone's happiness does not counts equally.

False

In utilitarianism actions are good if it was for the greater good.

True

In utilitarianism actions are wrong insofar as they produce contentment.

False

Utilitarianism has been embraced by so many simply because it seems to make a good deal of sense and seems relatively simple to apply

True

Bentham believed that pain and pleasure not only explain our actions but also help us define what is good and moral.

True

In general principle the end justify the means.

False

One of the problem of utilitarianism is that it cannot protect the rights of minorities.

True

In utilitarianism, reason and revelation are necessary to determine morality.

False

The context of love varies from situation to situation and certainly varies from culture to culture

True

Situation ethics permits us to do evil to achieve good.

True

situation ethics is more precise in predicting consequences.

False

Situation ethics assumes that the situation will determine the meaning of love.

True

The biggest problem with situation ethics is that the law of love is too general.

True

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問題一覧

It is the first step in ethical decision making.

D. State the problem

In a number of cases problems disappear upon closer examination of the situation, while others change radically.

C. Check the facts

In this step you determine the persons invoved in the moral scenario.

A. Identify relevant factors

At this point you ask the question, "What other actions actions or decisions are available to you besides the original one that started you thinking?".

C. Develop a list of options

It is the fifth step in ethical decision making.

D. Test the options

At this stage you ask, "Are there any precautions you can take as an individual?."

A. Review steps 1 to 6

This is a test where you ask, "Would I still think this choice of option was good if it were applied to me instead of others, especially if some of the effects are adverse?".

C. Reversibility Test

This is a test where you ask, "Would I want others to know?".

C. Publicity Test

This is a test where you ask, "Does this option do less damage than the alternatives?

D. Harm Test

This is a test where you ask, "What might my profession's governing board or ethics committee say about this option?"

C. Colleague Test

This is a test where you ask, Could I stand up for this choice of option before a committee of peers, or a Congressional committee, without appearing self-serving?

A. Defensibility Test

This is a test where you ask, What does my company's elhics officer or legal counsel say about this?

B. Organizational Test

This is a test where you ask, What kind of person would I become if I did this kind of thing all the time?

D. Virtue Test

At this level, the child is responsive to culfural rules and labels of good and bad, right or wrong.

B. Pre-conventional Level

At this level, the individual perceives the maintenance of the expectafions of his family, group, or nation as valuable in its own right.

A. Conventional Level

D. Post Conventional Level

The physical consequences of action determine its goodness or badness regardless of the human meaning or value of these consequences.

D. The interpersonal concordance or "good boy-nice girl" orientation

Right action consists of what instrumentally satisfies one's own needs and occasionally the needs of others.

A. The instrumental relativist orientation.

Good behavior is what pleases or helps others and is approved by them.

B. The interpersonal concordance or "good boy-nice gir" orientation.

The individual is oriented toward authority, fixed rules, and the maintenance of the social order.

C. The "law and order" orientation.

Right action tends to be defined in terms of general individual rights and standards that have been critically examined and agreed upon by the whole.

C. The social-contract legalistic orientation

Right is defined by the decision of conscience in accord with self-chosen ethical principles that appeal to logical comprehensiveness, universality, and consistency.

D. The universal ethical-principle orientation.

The concem shifts toward obeying laws to maintain society as a whole.

B. Stage 4

It defines the principles by which agreement wil be most just.

D. Stage 6

Children think of what is right as that which authority says is right.

A. Stage 1

Children think of what is right as that which authority says is right.

A. Stage 1

Children are no longer so emphasizes being a good person, which basically means having helpful motives towards people ciose to one.

C. Stage 3

The stages are not just isolated responses but are general patterns of thought that will consistently show up across many different kinds of issues.

B. Structured wholes

People do not lose the insights gained at earlier stages. but integrate them info new, broader frameworks.

A. Hierorchic Integration

The sequence is the same in all cultures.

C. Universal Sequence

It is the only thing that truly has intrinsic value.

A. Pleasure

it means happiness.

D. Utility

Something has this when it is a means to some end.

B. Instrumental Value

It means that it is simply good in itself.

C. Intrinsic Value

Who said this? "the most moral acts are those which maximize pleasure and minimize pain."

B. Jeremy Bentham

He modified utilitarianism by focusing on the maximization of the general happiness by calculating the greatest good for the greatest number.

D. John Stuart Mill

He established an act utilitarianism

B. Jeremy Bentham

He established a rule utilitarianism.

D. John Stuart Mill

If the good outweighs the bad, then the action is moral.

D. Utilitarianism is a relatively simple ethical system to apply.

Logic rather than an adherence to biblical principles guides the ethical decision-making.

A. Utilitarianism avoids the need to appeal to divine revelation.

Making moral decisions using utilitarianism seems like a natural extension of our daily decision-making procedures.

B. Most people already use a form of utilitarianism in their daily decisions.

Which of the following does not belong to the group?

E. None of the above.

He acknowledges that situation ethics is essentially utilitarianism, but modifies the pleasure principle and calls it the agape (love) principle.

A. Joseph Fletcher

They are like the Pharisees in the time of Jesus who had all sorts of laws and regulations but no heart.

B. Legalist

They are like the libertines in Paul's day who pronmoted their lawlessness.

D. Antinomians

In utilitarianism actions are right insofar as they promote happiness.

True

In utilitarianism, the more happiness is produced among those affected by the action, the better the action is.

True

In utilitarianism everyone's happiness does not counts equally.

False

In utilitarianism actions are good if it was for the greater good.

True

In utilitarianism actions are wrong insofar as they produce contentment.

False

Utilitarianism has been embraced by so many simply because it seems to make a good deal of sense and seems relatively simple to apply

True

Bentham believed that pain and pleasure not only explain our actions but also help us define what is good and moral.

True

In general principle the end justify the means.

False

One of the problem of utilitarianism is that it cannot protect the rights of minorities.

True

In utilitarianism, reason and revelation are necessary to determine morality.

False

The context of love varies from situation to situation and certainly varies from culture to culture

True

Situation ethics permits us to do evil to achieve good.

True

situation ethics is more precise in predicting consequences.

False

Situation ethics assumes that the situation will determine the meaning of love.

True

The biggest problem with situation ethics is that the law of love is too general.

True