PROF ED 3 MIDTERM

59問 • 2年前

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When one recognizes a situation as something similar in a way to what he has experienced before, his tendency is to use the knowledge and skills he has learned to this new situation.

Transfer of learning

Happens whem learning in one context or with one set of materials affects performance in another context or with other related material.

Transfer of learning

It is a type of Transfer occurs when learning in one context improves performance in some other context.

Positive transfer

Types of transfer

Positive transfer, Negative transfer, Near transfer, Far transfer

It is a type of transfer that occurs when learning in one context impacts negatively on performance in amother.

Negative transfer

It is a type of transfer that refers to transfer between very semilar contexts. This is also referred to as SPECIFIC TRANSFER

Near transfer

It is a type of transfer that refers to transfer between contexts that, on appearance, seem remote and alien to ine another. This is called GENERAL TRANSFER

Far transfer

Conditions /Factors affecting transfer of learning

Similarity between two learning situations, Degree of meaningfulness/relevance of learning, Length of instructional time, Variety of learning experience, Context for learner's experience, Focus on principles rather than tasks, Emphasis on metacognition

What does CBI stands for?

Content-Based Instruction

Transfer of Learning

Types of Transfer, Conditions and Principles of Transfer

As a future teacher, you would probably encounter learners with special needs, more so if special education is your major. It is therefore necessary that you have both the _______ ___________ and ________ ___________

Right information, Proper attitude

Is a measurable impairment or limitation that "interferes" woth a person's ability, for example, to walk, lift, hear, or learn.

Disability

What does IDEA stands for?

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

Is a disadvantage that occurs as a result of a disability or impairment.

Handicap

Involve difficulties in specific cognitive processes like perception, language, memory or metacognition that are not due to other disabilities like mental retardation, emotional or behavioral disorders, or sensory impairments.

Learning Disabilities

What does ADHD means?

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

There is difficulty in spoken language including voice disorders, inability to produce the sounds.

Speech and Communication Disorders

Is a condition manifested by different levels of impaired social interaction and communication, repetitive behaviors and limitedd interest.

Autism

Refers to significant sub-average intelligence and deficits in adaptive behavior

Mental Retardation

This involves pysical the presence of emotional states like depression states like depression and aggression over a considerable amount of time that they notably disturb learning and performance in school

Emotional/Conduct Disorders

This involves the presence of emotional states like depression and aggression over a considerable amount of time that they notably disturb learning and performance in school.

Emotional/Conduct Disorders

This involves physical or medical conditions

Physical and health impairments

This refers to the presence of two or more different types of disability, at times at a profound level.

Severe and multiple disabilities

These are conditions when there is malfunction of the eyes or optic nerves that prevent normal vision even with corrective lenses.

Visual impairments

These involve malfunction of the ear or auditory nerves that hinders perception of sounds within the frequency rangr of normal speech.

Hearing Impairments

This involves a significantly high level of cognitive development

Giftedness

Other suggestions for referring to those eith disabilities include:

Avoiding genetic labels, Emphasizing abilities, not limitations, Avoiding cuphemisms, Avoiding implying illness or suffering

Exceptionalities

Learning Disabilities, Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, Autism, Mental Retardation, Physical Disabilities and Health Impairments, Sensory Impairments

Specific Cognitive or Academic Difficulties

Learning Disabilities, Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Speech and Communication Disorders

Difficulty in focusing and maintaining attention and recurrent hyperactivity anf impulsive behavior

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Social/Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties

Autism, Mental Retardation, Emotional/Conduct Disorders

Physical Disabilities and Health Impairments

Physical and health Impairments, Severe and Multiple Disabilities

Sensory Impairments

Visual Impairments, Hearing Impairments

a Russian physiologist, is well known for his work in classical conditioning or stimilus substitution.

Ivan Pavlov

He's Most renowned experiment involved meat, a dog and a bell

Pavlov's Experiment

Before conditioning (neutral stimulus) no reponse, During conditioning (unconditioned stimulus) Salivation (unconditioned response), After conditioning (conditioned stimulus) salivation (conditioned response)

Once the dog has learned to salivate at the sound of the be, it will salivate at other similar sounds

Stimulus Generalization

If you stop pairing the bell with the food, salivation will eventually cease in response to the bell

Extinction

Extinguished response can be "recovered" after an elapsed time, but will soon extinguish again if the dog is not presented woth food.

Spontaneous Recovery

The dog could learn to discriminate between similar bells and discern be woth food another unconditioned

Discrimination

Once the dog has been conditioned to associate the bell with food,

Higher-Order Conditioning

He is the one who proposed the Connectionism Theory

Edward L. Thorndike

a type of theory which Learning has taken place when a strong connection or bond between stimulus amd response is formed.

Connectionism

Connectionism came up with three primary laws

Law of Effect, Law of Exercise, Law of Readiness

He was the first American psychologist to work eith Pavlov's ideas. He too was initially involved in animal studies then later human behavior research.

John Watson

He proposed the theory Operant conditioning

Burrhus Frederick Skinner

Is anything that strengthens the desired response

Reinforcer

Is the key element in Skinner's S-R theory

Reinforcement

Types of reinforcer

Positive reinforcer, Negative reinforcer

Type of reinforcer when any stimulus that given or added to increase the response.

Positive reinforcer

Is a type of reinforcer where any stimulus that results in the increased frequency of a response when it is withdrawn or removed.

Negative reinforcer

is a consequence intended to result in reduced response

Punishment

Food reward

Shaping of Behavior

comes when a series of steps are needed to be learned.

Behavioral Chaining

Partial or includes schedules

Reinforcement Schedules

The target response is reinforced after fixed amount of time has passed since the last reinforcement.

Fixed Interval Schedules

Similar to fixed interval schedules but the amount of time must pass between reinforcement varies.

Variable Interval Schedules

A fixed number of correct responses mist occur before reinforcement varies.

Fixed Ratio Schedules

The number of correct repetitions of the correct response for reinforcement may varies.

Variable Ratio Schedules

EL.4

Wael Hi · 20問 · 2年前

EL.4