Antimicrobial Agents

Almira Coleen · 28問 · 1年前

通報

問題一覧

Substances that kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

Antimicrobial Agents

Target bacteria

Antibiotics

Target fungi

Antifungals

Target viruses

Antivirals

Target parasites

Antiparasitics

Antibiotics

Penicillin

Antifungals

Fluconazole

Antivirals

Acyclovir

Antiparasitics

Metronidazole

A type of antimicrobial agent specifically designed to target and kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.

Antibiotics

Kill bacteria directly. They achieve this by disrupting vital processes such as cell wall synthesis or protein synthesis, leading to bacterial cell death.

Bactericidal Antibiotics

Inhibits the growth and reproduction of bacteria but do not kill them outright

Bacteriostatic Antibiotics

• These medications are effective against a wide range of bacterial species, including both Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria. • Useful in treating infections where the causative organism is unknown or where multiple types of bacteria are involved.

Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics

• These are effective against a limited range of bacterial species, usually targeting specific types of bacteria. • They are less likely to disrupt the normal flora of the body, reducing the risk of superinfections and the development of resistance.

Narrow-Spectrum Antibiotics

• The lowest concentration of an antibiotic that inhibits visible growth of a bacterium in vitro (in a laboratory setting). • It is used to determine the susceptibility of bacteria to various antibiotics. • Aids in selecting the appropriate antibiotic and dosage for treating infections.

Minimal Inhibitory Concentration

• The lowest concentration of an antibiotic that kills 99.9% of the bacteria. It is determined after the MIC by sub-culturing the inhibited bacteria. • Determines the potency of an antibiotic and its potential to eradicate an infection.

Minimal Lethal Concentration (MLC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC)

The ratio between the toxic dose and the effective dose of a drug. It is a measure of the drug's safety margin.

Therapeutic Index

Derived directly from natural sources, such as bacteria, fungi, or plants. They are produced by these organisms as part of their natural defense mechanisms against other microorganisms.

Natural Drugs

• These are from natural antibiotics that have been chemically modified to enhance their properties, such as improving their spectrum of activity, increasing stability, or reducing side effects. • Combines the natural antimicrobial properties with enhanced or tailored characteristics through chemical modification.

Semi-Synthetic Drugs

• These are artificially made, commercialized, created through chemical synthesis rather than derived from natural sources. They are designed to target specific bacterial processes.  • They are often used when there is a need for novel mechanisms of action to overcome bacterial resistance

Synthetic Drugs

The agent must be toxic to the bacteria instead of the host.

Selective Toxicity

It must be effective against a wide range of microorganism, including (+) Gram-positive and (-) Gramnegative Bacteria

Broad-Spectrum Activity

kills microorganism

Bactericidal

Inhibit their growth

Bacteriostatic Properties

Introduction to Histology

Introduction to Histology

28問 • 1年前

Almira Coleen · 45問 · 1年前

Microscopy

Microscopy

45問 • 1年前

Almira Coleen · 24問 · 1年前

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

24問 • 1年前

Almira Coleen · 36問 · 1年前

Cell

Cell

36問 • 1年前

Almira Coleen · 45問 · 1年前

Epithelial Tissue

Epithelial Tissue

45問 • 1年前

Almira Coleen · 81問 · 1年前

Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue

81問 • 1年前

Muscle Tissue

Muscle Tissue

Almira Coleen · 39問 · 1年前

Nervous Tissue

Nervous Tissue

39問 • 1年前

Almira Coleen · 33問 · 1年前

Urinary System

Urinary System

33問 • 1年前

Almira Coleen · 48問 · 1年前

Endocrine Gland

Endocrine Gland

48問 • 1年前

Almira Coleen · 34問 · 1年前

Digestive System

Digestive System

34問 • 1年前

Respiratory System

Respiratory System

Almira Coleen · 40問 · 1年前

Reproductive System

Reproductive System

40問 • 1年前

Almira Coleen · 44問 · 1年前

Lab 1 - Lab Safety

Lab 1 - Lab Safety

44問 • 1年前

Almira Coleen · 17問 · 1年前

Patient Preparation

Patient Preparation

17問 • 1年前

Almira Coleen · 75問 · 1年前

Lab Safety

Lab Safety

75問 • 1年前

Almira Coleen · 54問 · 1年前

Instrumentation

Instrumentation

54問 • 1年前

Blood Collection

Blood Collection

Almira Coleen · 100問 · 1年前

Urinary System

Urinary System

100問 • 1年前

Culture and Culture Media

Culture and Culture Media

Almira Coleen · 39問 · 1年前

Introduction

Introduction

39問 • 1年前

Amniotic Fluid

Amniotic Fluid

Almira Coleen · 19問 · 1年前

Hematopoiesis 1

Hematopoiesis 1

19問 • 1年前

Mesoblastic/Mesenchymal Stage

Mesoblastic/Mesenchymal Stage

Almira Coleen · 17問 · 1年前

Hepatic/Extramedullary Stage

Hepatic/Extramedullary Stage

17問 • 1年前

Medullary/Myeloid Stage

Medullary/Myeloid Stage

Bone Marrow Components

Almira Coleen · 6問 · 1年前

Bone Marrow Components

6問 • 1年前

Almira Coleen · 25問 · 1年前

Post-Natal Hematopoiesis

Post-Natal Hematopoiesis

25問 • 1年前

Almira Coleen · 29問 · 1年前

Common Techniques in Phlebotomy

Common Techniques in Phlebotomy

29問 • 1年前

Theories of Blood Cell Production

Theories of Blood Cell Production

Almira Coleen · 20問 · 1年前

Stem Cells and Progenitors

Stem Cells and Progenitors

20問 • 1年前

Almira Coleen · 95問 · 1年前

Introduction to Bacteriology

Introduction to Bacteriology

95問 • 1年前

Almira Coleen · 67問 · 1年前

Blood Specimen Collection

Blood Specimen Collection

67問 • 1年前

General Characteristics of Blasts

General Characteristics of Blasts

Cytokine and Primary Target Cell

Cytokine and Primary Target Cell

Almira Coleen · 67問 · 1年前

Quality Management

Quality Management

67問 • 1年前

CFU-E

CFU-E

Almira Coleen · 19問 · 1年前

Quality Management (Eval)

Quality Management (Eval)

19問 • 1年前

Almira Coleen · 95問 · 1年前

Instrumentation 1

Instrumentation 1

95問 • 1年前

Almira Coleen · 10問 · 1年前

Erythrocytic Series

Erythrocytic Series

10問 • 1年前

Almira Coleen · 56問 · 1年前

Instrumentation 2

Instrumentation 2

56問 • 1年前

Almira Coleen · 102問 · 1年前

Erythrocytes

Erythrocytes

102問 • 1年前

Almira Coleen · 76問 · 1年前

Bacterial Genome

Bacterial Genome

76問 • 1年前

Almira Coleen · 33問 · 1年前

Erythrocytes 2

Erythrocytes 2

33問 • 1年前

Almira Coleen · 76問 · 1年前

Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin

76問 • 1年前

Almira Coleen · 10問 · 1年前

Natural Drugs

Natural Drugs

10問 • 1年前

Rubriblast / Pronormoblast / Proerythroblast

Rubriblast / Pronormoblast / Proerythroblast

Prorubicyte/ Basophilic Normoblast/ Basophilic Erythroblast

Prorubicyte/ Basophilic Normoblast/ Basophilic Erythroblast

Almira Coleen · 135問 · 1年前

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates

135問 • 1年前

Almira Coleen · 11問 · 1年前

Rubricyte/ Polychromatophilic Normoblast / Polychromatophilic Erythroblast

Rubricyte/ Polychromatophilic Normoblast / Polychromatophilic Erythroblast

11問 • 1年前

Metarubicyte/Orthochromatic Normoblast/ Orthochromatic Erythroblast

Metarubicyte/Orthochromatic Normoblast/ Orthochromatic Erythroblast

Reticulocyte/Polychromatophilic Erythrocyte

Reticulocyte/Polychromatophilic Erythrocyte

Erythrocyte

Erythrocyte

Granulocytic Series

Granulocytic Series

Almira Coleen · 24問 · 1年前

Skin Puncture

Skin Puncture

24問 • 1年前

Discussion

Discussion

Almira Coleen · 22問 · 1年前

Venipuncture

Venipuncture

22問 • 1年前

Almira Coleen · 10問 · 1年前

Discussion

Discussion

10問 • 1年前

Anticoagulant

Anticoagulant

Almira Coleen · 11問 · 1年前

Culture Media

Culture Media

11問 • 1年前

Almira Coleen · 24問 · 1年前

Allosteric Properties

Allosteric Properties

24問 • 1年前

Almira Coleen · 29問 · 1年前

Biochemical Tests

Biochemical Tests

29問 • 1年前

Almira Coleen · 33問 · 1年前

Hemoglobin Derivatives

Hemoglobin Derivatives

33問 • 1年前

Almira Coleen · 25問 · 1年前

Order of the Draw

Order of the Draw

25問 • 1年前

Blood Collection

Blood Collection

Almira Coleen · 19問 · 1年前

Specimen Processing

Specimen Processing

19問 • 1年前

1. Pathways of Glucose Metabolism

1. Pathways of Glucose Metabolism

2. Regulation of Glucose Metabolism

2. Regulation of Glucose Metabolism

3. Normal and Abnormal States

3. Normal and Abnormal States

Almira Coleen · 43問 · 1年前

4. Diagnosis

4. Diagnosis

43問 • 1年前

Glucose Determination

Glucose Determination

Family Neisseriaceae

Family Neisseriaceae

N. Gonorrhoeae

N. Gonorrhoeae

Almira Coleen · 13問 · 1年前

Selective Media for N. Gonorrhoeae

Selective Media for N. Gonorrhoeae

13問 • 1年前

Laboratory Diagnosis

Laboratory Diagnosis

N. Meningiditis

N. Meningiditis

Neisseria

Neisseria

Other

Other

History and Importance

History and Importance

Primary Components in Normal Urine

Primary Components in Normal Urine

Almira Coleen · 26問 · 1年前

Urine Specimen

Urine Specimen

26問 • 1年前

Terms Related to Urine Volume

Terms Related to Urine Volume

Specimen Collection

Specimen Collection

Reagent Strip

Reagent Strip

Morphological Evaluation of RBC

Morphological Evaluation of RBC

RBC: Abnormalities - Variations in Size

RBC: Abnormalities - Variations in Size

Iron Transport in Blood

Iron Transport in Blood

Almira Coleen · 17問 · 1年前

Regulation of Body Iron

Regulation of Body Iron

17問 • 1年前