The pituitary gland is composed of:

Adrenal glands are each covered by

Types of Hormone Secretion:

Basophils

Are compact spherical/ egg-shaped masses of endocrine tissue embedded within the acinar exocrine tissue of the pancreas.

Adrenal Glands: Reddish Brown Central Layer:

- Glucocorticoids: Cortisol (GLUCONEOGENESIS, GLYCOGENOLYSIS) – Controlled by ACTH

The Adrenal Medulla contains many electron-dense granules for hormone storage & secretion.

FSH promotes ovarian follicle development and estrogen secretion in women and spermatogenesis in men; LH promotes ovarian follicle maturation and progesterone secretion in women and interstitial cell androgen secretion in men

• Oxytocin • Stimulates contraction of the myoepithelial cells around the alveoli & ducts of the mammry glands & of uterine smooth muscle during child birth.

acts on all body tissues, especially cartilage, bone, muscle, and adipose connective tissue to stimulate growth.

• Thin zone of basophilic cells • Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone • Endorphin

Chromophils

Adrenal Cortex

• Vasopressin or Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) • Response to increased tonicity of the blood • increased permeability of the collecting ducts of the kidney to water. As a result, more water is absorbed & replaced into blood instead of being eliminated in the urine.

Thyroid colloid contains the large glycoprotein _________, precursor for the active thyroid hormones

acts on mammary glands to stimulate milk production.

Acidophils

Signaling molecules released by secretory cells of endocrine glands.

are released to the blood in large quantities during intense emotional reactions, such as fright & produce vasoconstriction, increase BP, changes in heart rate & metabolic effects such as increase blood glucose.

Each follicle of the thyroid gland consists of a simple epithelium and a central lumen filled with a gelatinous substance called

acts on the adrenal cortex to cause release of corticosteroids (eg, cortisol).

filled with secretory granules containing (PTH), major regulator of blood calcium levels.

• Located in the posterior extremity of the third ventricle of the brain. ▪ Regulates the daily rhythms of bodily activities

transitional derivatives of principal cells.

act on gonads (testes and ovaries) to stimulate development of gametes (sperm and oocyte)

stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormone (TH).

Stimulates growth in epiphyseal plates of long bones via insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) produced in liver

The stroma consists in adrenal glands mainly of __________ supporting the secretory cells and microvasculature.

Mineralcorticoids: affect the uptake of Na, K, H2O – Principal Product: Aldosterone – Controlled by Angiotensin II

Islet Cell

major regulator of the anatomic & functional state of thyroid follicles.

Degranulated Cells

• Stimulates secretion of adrenal cortex hormones • Helps regulate lipid metabolism

• Funnel – shaped region surrounding the infundibulum of the neurohypophysis • Most cells are basophilic gonadotrophic cells that secrete Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Adrenal Glands: Yellowish Peripheral Layer:

Stimulates thyroid hormone synthesis, storage, and liberation

• 75% of the Adenohypophysis • Two broad groups of cells based on staining affinity.

Also produce cortisol but primarily secrete weak androgen.

are each covered by a dense connective tissue capsule that sends thin trabeculae into the gland’s parenchyma.

" Fight or Flight Response” ▪ Normal Activity = small quantities of the hormone

most prominent and abundant secretory cells of the pineal gland

Located in the cervical region anterior to the larynx, consists of 2 lobes united by an isthmus.

Promotes milk secretion

Anterior Pituitary Gland

As we grew older: Cells ->

Thyroid Gland composed of millions of rounded epithelial structures called

Pineal Gland: BRAIN SAND