Utilizes the specialty of chemistry to study human beings. -An applied science when analysis are performed on body fluids or tissues for diagnosis or treatment of disease.

Role of Clinical Chemistry

Role of Medical Technologist (Must understand the tools)

Biological substance that poses a threat to the health of living organism, primarily humans. Chain of infection. (Transmission)

Biologic Hazard/Pathogenic Microorganisms

Necessary to prevent infection

Requires continuous link between three elements

Refers to the location of potentially harmful microorganisms

Direct contact, Inhalation, Ingestion

Individual who is at risk of infection

Types of Biologic Hazards

Toxins produced by microorganisms, plants, and animals

Substances that can cause allergic reactions

Hospitals, laboratories, and clinics where infectious agents are handled

Soil, water and air that may contain pathogenic organisms

Facilities involved in genetic engineering, pharmaceutical development, and biological research

Physical contact with an infected person or contaminated surface

Inhalation of airborne pathogens (droplets)

Spread through vectors (mosquitoes, ticks, fleas)

Ingestion of contaminated food or water

Non-infectious dry biological waste disposal

Non-infectious wet biological waste disposal

Infectious pathologic biological waste disposal

Biological Waste Disposal: Chemical Waste and Heavy Metals

Biological Waste Disposal: Radioactive Waste

Biological Waste Disposal: Sharps

Biological Waste Disposal: Soiled Linens

Biological Waste Disposal: Autoclaving

The most common disinfectant is 1:10 solution of ___________ (household bleach) prepared weekly and stored in a plastic (not a glass)

(sterilization) uses high pressure steam to realize waste, killing all pathogens (commonly used for laboratory waste)

(Burning Waste) involves burning biological waste at high temperature, reducing it to ash

Often used for liquid waste

(Burial) requires careful regulation to avoid contamination

(Composting) microorganisms break down the waste into harmless by products; more applicable to agriculture and food industry waste

Are a specific category of medical and laboratory waste that includes an items that can puncture or cut the skin. Causing injuries and transmitting infections

Can cause puncture or wounds (Bloodborne Pathogens)

Can lead to exposure to infectious materials and increase the risk of infection

Refers to the risk posed by chemicals that can cause harm to human health or the environment

Immediate harm upon exposure

Long-term health effects

Cyanide, Carbon Monoxide

Asbestos, Benzene

Easily ignite and cause fires

Can cause severe damage to tissues and materials

Can undergo violent reactions under certain conditions

Known to cause cancer

Cause genetics mutations

Cause developmental abnormalities

Refers to dangerous conditions where a person can encounter energized equipment or conductors

RACE

NFPA

Environmental factors that can cause harm to human body without necessarily touching it Injuries, health issues, accidents

Most frequently used reagent in the laboratory

Purified by distillation

Purified by ion exchange

Reverse osmosis; pumps water across semipermeable membrane

Reagent Grade Water: (Ultrapure) Requiring minimum interference; for preparation of standard solutions, buffer and in analytical techniques

Reagent Grade Water: Preparation of reagents and solutions, general laboratory procedures

Reagent Grade Water: Glassware Washing

Dissolved in liquid

Biologic Solutes

Liquid in which solute is dissolved

The pressure required to stop the flow of solvent into the solution through a semipermeable membrane

Liquid solvent is in equilibrium with the water vapor

Temperature at which a vapor pressures of a solid and liquid phases are the same

Temperature are which the vapor pressure of the solvent reaches one atmosphere

Redox/Reduction Potential: measure of the ability of a solution to accept or donate electrons

Donate electrons

Accept Electrons

How electricity passes through a solution

Resistance to the passage of electrical current

Used a colored liquid (red or other colored material) Encased in Plastic or Glass 20°C - 40°C Continuous line of liquid Free from separation or bubbles NIST

Temperature-sensitive resistors SRM, NIST Fast reading and accurate Ideal for applications requiring immediate temperature adjustment

Direct contact, Inhalation, Ingestion

Direct contact, Inhalation, Ingestion