E1

62問 • 2年前

問題一覧

It has a system of rules known as grammar, a sound system (___), and a vocabulary (___).

Language, Phonology, Lexicon

A set of arbitrary symbols which create possible combination of utterances primarily used for communication.

Language

A system of communication consisting of a set of sounds and written symbols used by people of a particular country or region for talking or writing.

Language

A group of people belonging to the same place and speaking the same guage in aparticular area.

Speech Community

A process where people develop speech while growing up.

Language Acquisition

Process where people acquire language formally or informally.

Language Learning

Also known as mother tongue, the language acquired while growing up; language learned from birth.

First Language

A language a person learns for various purposes.

Second Language

Occurs when speakers of two or more languages or varieties interact and influence each other.

Language Contact

Result of language contact.

Language Change

The environment where communication takes place.

Context

It is a process of transmitting message in the form of ideas, thoughts and feelings from one person to another.

Communication

Its process refers to the transmission of message from the sender through a selected channel to the receiver.

Communication

While on the process of communication, ___ may come along the way that affects the understanding of the message.

Barriers

It is a cyclic process that begins with the sender and ends with the sender in the form of a feedback.

Communication

It is a continuous and dynamic interaction, both affecting and being affected by many variables.

Communication

In the communication process, the following elements are included:

Sender or Encoder, Message or Code, Channel, Noise, Receiver or Decoder, Feedback

Refers to the origin of the message.

Sender or Encoder

Refers to thoughts and feelings sent to the receiver. It may verbal (written or spoken) or non-verbal (sign, symbols) language.

Message or Code

Refers to the medium or carrier of the message.

Channel

Refers to the berrier or obstacle in the delivery of the message.

Noise

Refers to the listener or reader of the message.

Receiver or Decoder

Refers to the response or reaction to the message sent.

Feedback

The process of translating an idea or thought into a code.

Encoding

The process of assigning meaning to an idea or a thought.

Decoding

Types of communication categorized according to:

Mode, Context, Purpose and Style

Mode:

Verbal, Non-verbal, Visual

Non-verbal:

Kinesics, Paralanguage, Proxemics, Chranemics

Paralanguage:

Intelligibility, Variety, Stress

Proxemics:

Personal Space, Territorial Space, Acoustic Space

It comes in a form of writing or speaking - uses spoken/utterance or written words to communicate.

Verbal

It comes in a form of gesture, facial expression, body language. Messages are conveyed even when people are not actually speaking. These are used in place of or simultaneously with verbal messages.

Non-verbal

- use of body - gestures, movements, posture, eye contact, facial expression and touch. Ex. Bowing, hand shakes, raising of eyebrows.

Kinesics

- use of voice - voice should have intelligibility, variety and understandable patterns.

Paralanguage

- loudness, rate of your speech, pronunciation and enunciation.

Intelligibility

- pitch, force and pauses to avoid monotony.

Variety

- emphasis on a certain syllable. Putting too much stress might be considered rude.

Stress

- use of space - term used to study how space and distance communicates.

Proxemics

- distance maintained when interacting with others. The more intimate is the relationship with others, the more you allow him/her near your personal space.

Personal Space

- a physical space which implies your sense of authority and ownership. Own privacy, territory should not be invaded. Ex. Own rooms, closets, partner.

Territorial Space

- the area where the voice of the speaker is heard or not. Competent speakers adjust their volume and rate to match the space or make their voice audible.

Acoustic Space

- use of time - refers to how people perceive and value time.

Chranemics

It comes in a form of sign, symbol, picture, image, graph.

Visual

Context

Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Extended, Organizational, Intercultural

Organizational Context 2 types:

Formal Structure, Informal Structure

- means talking to oneself.

Intrapersonal

- means communication which purpose is to establish better relationship with others

Interpersonal

- involves the use of electronic, broadcast or print media which purpose is to reach out extensive and remote audience.

Extended

- takes place in an organization or workplace.

Organizational

- communication flows downward (management to subordinate), upward (subordinate to management), and sideward (among peers at equal level).

Formal Structure

- communication comes from unofficial channels of message flow. Ex. Grapevine message or “tsismis”.

Informal Structure

- takes place between or among people having different linguistic, religious, cultural, social, political and professional background.

Intercultural

Purpose and Style:

To inform, To entertain, To persuade

When an author aims to inform, they usually wish to enlighten their readership about a real-world topic. Often, they will do this by providing lots of facts. Informational texts impart information to the reader to educate them on a given topic.

To inform

The author aims to engage and amuse the reader through storytelling, humor, or other means.

To entertain

To convince, motivate, or move readers toward a certain point of view, or opinion. The act of trying to persuade automatically implies more than one opinion on the subject can be argued.

To persuade

It employs formal language delivered orally or in written form such as lectures, public speeches, project proposal, and reports.

Formal Communication

Involves personal and ordinary conversations with friends, family members or acquaintances about anything under the sun.

Informal Communication

The basic rule in communication, whether in oral or written form, is to express and not to impress.

Purposive Communication

It is more than just conveying, but rather communicating for various purposes. It is not confined to the mere giving out of information; it is about getting the information through. It is obtaining, providing and disseminating information to move people to action through persuasion or through argumentation.

Purposive Communication

Refers to a variety of language defined according to its use in social situation e.g. a register of scientific, religious, formal English.

Refers to the formality of language which one speaks; the level and style of spoken and written discourse depending on the context you are in.

Language Register

Pg 1. Radio-and-Television

Jian Estelle · 23問 · 2年前

Pg 1. Radio-and-Television