French historian and diplomat who wrote “not only do the Americans practice their religion out of self interest but they often even place in this world the interest which they have in practicing it.

Isolationist justifications are also used by them.

are less worried whether they will end up in heaven or hell

The followers of ___ fled and created established ___ so they can practice their religion without the meddling and control of the state authorities.

is concerned with how much of human action can lead to the highest material satisfaction and subsequent wisdom that this new status produces

___ and ___ led the first revolts against colonialism in ___ and ___, warning that these outsiders were out to destroy their people’s gods’ way of life

are located away from civilization so that hermits can devote themselves to prayer and contemplation.

believed that living among “non” believers will distract them from their mission to tempt them to abandon their faith and become sinners like everyone else.

places value on material wealth

To him, all secular ideologies were the same — they were flawed — and Islamic rule was the superior form of government because it was spiritual.

In the __, religion and law were fused together to help build this “modern secular society”.

argues that the contemporary world is “furiously religious”

Its government places religion at the center of the political system. It’s constitution explicitly states that “Islam is the religion of the Federation”, and the rulers of each state were also the “Head of the religion of Islam”.

abides by human-made laws

It calls itself a republic, a term that is associated with the secular

the theory that modernization will erode religious practice

States with Islamic Religions

The moderate Muslim association ____ in Indonesia has Islamic schools (pesantren) where students are taught not only about Islam but also about modern science, social sciences, modern banking, civic education, rights of women, pluralism and democracy.

assumes that there is the possibility of communication between humans and the transcendent or the divine

wishes to spread goods and services

trains to be a shrewd businessperson

its church was shaped by the rationality of modern democratic (and bureaucratic) culture.

Religious Groups

has very little to do with religion

their main duty is to live a virtuous, sin-less life such that when they die, they are assured a place in another world (i.e. heaven)

He broke away from Roman Catholicism and established his own Church to bolster his own power.

detests politics and the search for power for they are evidence of humanity’s weakness

is associated with modernization which is a concept of progress that is based on science, technology, reason, and the law

confirms this statement by noting that historically, religion has always been at the very center of all great political conflicts and movements of social reform.

aspires to become a saint

___ of contemporary millenarian movements wish to break away from the hold of the state or overthrow the state because to them, the state seeks to destroy their people’s sacred beliefs or distort religion to serve non-religious goals

The late Iranian religious leader, _____, bragged about the superiority of Islamic rule over its secular countrerparts and pointed out that “there is no fundamental distinction among constitutional, despotic, dictatorial, democratic, and communistic regimes.

follows divine commandments

values politics and the quest for power as both means and ends to open up further the economies of the world

have become the foundation of modern republics

is a belief system that cannot be empirically proven

is concerned with the sacred

is concerned with spreading holy ideas globally