is concerned with the sacred

places value on material wealth

follows divine commandments

abides by human-made laws

assumes that there is the possibility of communication between humans and the transcendent or the divine

is concerned with how much of human action can lead to the highest material satisfaction and subsequent wisdom that this new status produces

their main duty is to live a virtuous, sin-less life such that when they die, they are assured a place in another world (i.e. heaven)

are less worried whether they will end up in heaven or hell

aspires to become a saint

trains to be a shrewd businessperson

detests politics and the search for power for they are evidence of humanity’s weakness

values politics and the quest for power as both means and ends to open up further the economies of the world

is concerned with spreading holy ideas globally

wishes to spread goods and services

___ and ___ led the first revolts against colonialism in ___ and ___, warning that these outsiders were out to destroy their people’s gods’ way of life

___ of contemporary millenarian movements wish to break away from the hold of the state or overthrow the state because to them, the state seeks to destroy their people’s sacred beliefs or distort religion to serve non-religious goals

The followers of ___ fled and created established ___ so they can practice their religion without the meddling and control of the state authorities.

are located away from civilization so that hermits can devote themselves to prayer and contemplation.

Isolationist justifications are also used by them.

believed that living among “non” believers will distract them from their mission to tempt them to abandon their faith and become sinners like everyone else.

argues that the contemporary world is “furiously religious”

have become the foundation of modern republics

Its government places religion at the center of the political system. It’s constitution explicitly states that “Islam is the religion of the Federation”, and the rulers of each state were also the “Head of the religion of Islam”.

The late Iranian religious leader, _____, bragged about the superiority of Islamic rule over its secular countrerparts and pointed out that “there is no fundamental distinction among constitutional, despotic, dictatorial, democratic, and communistic regimes.

To him, all secular ideologies were the same — they were flawed — and Islamic rule was the superior form of government because it was spiritual.

It calls itself a republic, a term that is associated with the secular

The moderate Muslim association ____ in Indonesia has Islamic schools (pesantren) where students are taught not only about Islam but also about modern science, social sciences, modern banking, civic education, rights of women, pluralism and democracy.

its church was shaped by the rationality of modern democratic (and bureaucratic) culture.

He broke away from Roman Catholicism and established his own Church to bolster his own power.

In the __, religion and law were fused together to help build this “modern secular society”.

French historian and diplomat who wrote “not only do the Americans practice their religion out of self interest but they often even place in this world the interest which they have in practicing it.

confirms this statement by noting that historically, religion has always been at the very center of all great political conflicts and movements of social reform.

has very little to do with religion

is a belief system that cannot be empirically proven

is associated with modernization which is a concept of progress that is based on science, technology, reason, and the law

the theory that modernization will erode religious practice

Religious Groups

States with Islamic Religions