Business Finance

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The management of large amount of money (especially by governments or large companies).

Finance

The giving of monetary support for an enterprise.

Finance

Can be defined as the science and art of managing money (Gitman and Zutter, 2012)

Finance

The monetary resources and affairs of a government, organization or person

Finance

Recordkeeping/bookkeeping function

Accounting

Preparation of Financial Reports/Statements

Accounting

Management of money, funds or resources

Finance

Review, analyze, and interpret the financial statements/reports provided in accounting. (making financial decision)

Finance

From a government perspective, finance includes the management of a country's national budget, treasury department, the central bank, and other government agencies.

Public Finance

It focuses on collecting tax revenue and spending that money on national services and programs such as roads, hospitals, and social security.

Public Finance

From a business perspective, finance is the management of a company's funding, its sources of revenue, use of capital, and the management of its profit and loss (P&L) statement.

Corporate Finance

The professionals at a business that have the responsibility for managing this area include accountants, financial analysts, managers, and executives such as the Chief Financial Officer (CFO).

Corporate Finance

From a personal perspective, finance is the management of one's income, expenses, investments, and obligations. Individuals often work with a personal banker, investment advisor, accountant, mortgage broker, and other professionals to manage their financial situation.

Personal Finance

Is an entity formed for the purpose of carrying on commercial enterprise.

Earning Profits

Consists of one individual doing the business.

Sole Proprietorship

Consists of two or more individuals in business together.

Partnership

Are probably dominant form of business organization in the Philippines. Owned by 5 or more persons (stockholders).

Corporation

Is measure of the financial performance of a company for a period of time.

Profit

The overall objective of a shareholder should be _________.

wealth maximization

Two Factors that Influence Market Price

Controllable by Management, Uncontrollable External Factors

- profitability

Controllable by Management

- having a good liquidity and reasonable leverage position

Controllable by Management

- dividends

Controllable by Management

- competent management which affects the company's operating efficiency

Controllable by Management

- coming up with corporate plans that improve the business prospects of the company.

Controllable by Management

- macroeconomic conditions

Uncontrollable External Factors

- political stability

Uncontrollable External Factors

- prospects of the industry where the company operates

Uncontrollable External Factors

- general market sentiment

Uncontrollable External Factors

- flow of foreign funds invested in the Philippine stock market

Uncontrollable External Factors

Owners

Shareholders, Board of Directors

They elect the Board of Directors (BOD). Each share held is equal to one voting right. Anyone who owns stock in a company has a voting right to the decisions that the company makes.

Shareholders

Is the highest policy making body in a corporation.

Board of Directors

Their primary responsibility is to ensure that the corporation is operating to serve the best interest of the stockholders.

Board of Directors

Overseeing the operations of a company and ensuring that the strategies as approved by the board are implemented as planned.

President

Performing all areas of management: planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling.

President

Representing the company in professional, social, and civic activities.

President

Managers

President, VP for Marketing, VP for Production, VP for Administration, VP for Finance

VP for Finance includes...

Financing, Investing, Operating

Include making decisions on how to fund long term investments and working capital which deals with the day-to-day operations of the company

Financing

Refers to how much of your total assets is financed by debt and how much is financed by equity.

Capital Structure

In _______, the role of the VP for Finance of the Financial Manager is to determine the appropriate capital structure of the company.

Financing

In investing, ________ are needed when the company is in an excess cash position.

short-term investment decisions

In investing, ________ should be supported by a capital budgeting analysis which is among the responsibilities of a finance manager.

long-term investment

Is a tool to assess whether the investment will be profitable in the long run.

Capital Budgeting Analysis

Deal with the daily operations of the company.

Operating

In ______, the role of the VP for finance is determining how to finance working capital accounts such as accounts receivable and inventories.

Operating

Is a person who takes care of all the important financial functions of an organization.

Financial Manager

In ______, the role of a financial manager is to determine when the company should declare cash dividends.

Dividend Policies

4 Main Function of Financial Manager

Raising of Funds, Allocation of Funds, Profit Planning, Understanding Capital Markets

Principles of Financial Management System

Consistency, Accountability, Transparency, Integrity, Financial Stewardship, Accounting Standards

It performs the essential economic function of channeling funds from those who are investors (savers of funds) to those who need funds (users of funds).

Financial System

Demanders of Funds

Users

The _____ allows savers of funds to lend funds to users of funds.

Financial System

Is an organized forums in which the suppliers and users of various types of funds can make transactions directly.

Financial Market

Suppliers of Funds

Savers

Intermediaries that channel the savings of individuals, businesses, and governments into loans or investments.

Financial Institution

How would they prove that there was a transaction so that the demander or users of funds will be able to repay the supplier on time and at the right amount?

Verbal Agreement, Written Agreement

Are contracts for monetary assets that can be purchased, traded, created, modified, o settled for.

Financial Instruments

The sale of a new security directly to an investor or group of investors.

Private Placement

Is a real or a virtual document representing a legal agreement involving some sort of monetary value

Financial Instrument

Financial Instrument will result to a/an:

Financial Assets, Equity Instruments, Financial Liability

A contractual right to receive cash or another financial asset from another entity. Examples: Notes Receivable, Loans Receivable, Investment in Stocks, Investments in Bonds

Financial Assets

Is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all liabilities. Examples: Ordinary Share Capital, Preference

Equity Instrument

Is any liability that is a contractual obligation: To deliver cash or other financial instrument to another entity. Examples: Notes Payable, Loans Payable, Bonds Payable deducting all liabilities.

Financial Liability

Who are the HOLDERS of Financial Assets?

Savers/Supplier of Funds

Who are the MAKERS of Financial Liabilities?

Demanders/Users of Funds

A ______ could be any document that represents an asset to one party and liability to another. It can be a contract or a document like a bond, share, bill of exchange, futures or options contract, cheque, currency swaps, draft, or more.

Financial Instrument

Types of Financial Instrument

Derivatives Instrument, Cash Instrument, Asset Classes

Are financial instruments that have values determined from underlying assets, such as interest rates, currency, bonds, stocks, and stock indexes.

Derivatives Instrument

Are financial instruments that derive their value in response to changes in interest rates, financial instrument prices, commodity prices, foreign exchange rates, credit risk and indices.

Derivatives Instrument

instrument that include things like deposits and loans, as well as easily transferable securities

Cash Instrument

Asset Classes

Equity-Based, Debt-Based, Foreign Exchange (FOREX)

financial instruments (Short or Long Term), reflect a loan the investor made to the issuing entity.

Debt-based

financial instruments, reflect ownership of the issuing entity.

Equity-based

Are financial instruments that are represented on the foreign market and primarily consist of currency agreements and derivatives.

Foreign Exchange

Generally have varied returns based on the performance of the issuing company.

Equity-Based Financial Instruments

Examples of Equity-Based Financial Instrument

Preferred Stock, Common Stock

has priority over a common stock in terms of claims over the assets of a company.

Preferred Stock

are the real owners of the company.

Common Stock

Returns from equity instruments come from either ______ or _________.

dividends, stock price appreciation

last or mature for one year or less.

Short-Term Debt Instrument

Generally have fixed returns due to fixed interest rates.

Debt-Based Financial Instruments

Examples of Short-Term Instrument

Cash Equivalents, Treasury Bonds and Treasury Bill, Commercial Papers, Certificate of Deposits

Debt-based instruments are categorized as:

Short-Term Debt Instrument, Long-Term Debt Instrument

are issued by the Philippine government. These bonds and bills have usually low interest rates and have very low risk of default since the government assures that these will be paid.

Treasury Bonds and Treasury Bill

Are promissory notes issued by financial institutions or large firms with short maturity period usually 2 to 30 days and not more than 270 days, and is secured only by reputation by the issuer.

Commercial Papers

These are an investment made that can be easily converted to cash and must be of the short term usually with a maturity period of not more than three months or 90 days. They must be of the highest liquidity in nature and should be easily sold in the market.

Cash Equivalent

Is a savings account that holds a fixed amount of money for a fixed period of time, such as six months, one year, or five years, and in exchange, the issuing bank pays interest.

Certificate of Deposits

last or mature for more than one year.

Long-Term Debt Instrument

are issued by publicly listed companies. These bonds usually have higher interest rates than Treasury bond.

Corporate Bonds

is any marketplace where buyers and sellers participate in the trade of assets such as equities, bonds, currency and derivatives and other financial securities.

Financial Market

Importance of Financial Market

Helps in economic growth of country., Helps savers to become investors., Helps businesses to rais money to expand their business.

Factors of Financial Market

Price Determination, Mobilization of Funds, Ensures Liquidity, Saves Time and Money

The ___________ and the ___________ markets trade trillions of Pesos daily.

Philippine Stock Exchange (PSE), Makati Stock Exchange (MSE)

Types of Financial Market

Nature of Asset, Nature of Claim, Maturity of Claim, Delivery Timing, Organizational Structure

where securities with longer-term maturities are sold

Capital Market

Is a financial market in which financial instruments with high liquidity and very short maturities (from several days to just under a year) are traded.

Money Market

allows investors to buy and sell shares in publicly traded companies. Investors provide capital or funds to companies, on the other hand, the companies provide a slice of ownership and potential gain to investors.

Stock Market

100

debt investment in which the investors grants loans to a company or government for a defined period of time at a fixed interest rates.

Bond Market

Pg 1. Radio-and-Television

Pg 1. Radio-and-Television

Pg 3.

Pg 3.

Jian Estelle · 142問 · 3年前

Chart

Chart

142問 • 3年前

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Jian Estelle · 34問 · 3年前

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

34問 • 3年前

Pg 2.

Jian Estelle · 31問 · 2年前

Pg 2.

31問 • 2年前

CONTRIBUTORS

Jian Estelle · 16問 · 3年前

CONTRIBUTORS

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CSCI

CSCI

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Pg 2.

Jian Estelle · 31問 · 2年前

Pg 2.

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Filipino Value System

Filipino Value System

belief system (1)

Jian Estelle · 36問 · 2年前

belief system (1)

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belief system (2)

Jian Estelle · 32問 · 2年前

belief system (2)

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belief system (3)

Jian Estelle · 17問 · 2年前

belief system (3)

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Ethics belief system

Jian Estelle · 85問 · 2年前

Ethics belief system

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Marketing

Jian Estelle · 49問 · 2年前

Marketing

49問 • 2年前

Mktg Steps

Jian Estelle · 6問 · 2年前

Mktg Steps

6問 • 2年前

mktg #1

Jian Estelle · 16問 · 2年前

mktg #1

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mktg #2

mktg #2

mktg #3

Jian Estelle · 15問 · 2年前

mktg #3

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Eco

Jian Estelle · 66問 · 2年前

Eco

66問 • 2年前

Unit 1 eco

Jian Estelle · 36問 · 2年前

Unit 1 eco

36問 • 2年前

Unit 2 Eco

Jian Estelle · 30問 · 2年前

Unit 2 Eco

30問 • 2年前

Industries

Industries

enumeration

Jian Estelle · 9問 · 2年前

enumeration

9問 • 2年前

identification

Jian Estelle · 25問 · 2年前

identification

25問 • 2年前

Math 0

Jian Estelle · 53問 · 2年前

Math 0

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for Quiz 1

Jian Estelle · 70問 · 2年前

for Quiz 1

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Math 1

Jian Estelle · 43問 · 2年前

Math 1

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Quiz 2

Jian Estelle · 29問 · 2年前

Quiz 2

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Math 1 (2)

Jian Estelle · 37問 · 2年前

Math 1 (2)

37問 • 2年前

Quiz 1

Jian Estelle · 40問 · 2年前

Quiz 1

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jejdjsn

Jian Estelle · 52問 · 2年前

jejdjsn

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NSTP

Jian Estelle · 15問 · 2年前

NSTP

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nstp

Jian Estelle · 27問 · 2年前

nstp

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CE 100

Jian Estelle · 12問 · 2年前

CE 100

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math 3

Jian Estelle · 16問 · 2年前

math 3

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Quiz 3

Jian Estelle · 45問 · 2年前

Quiz 3

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Q3 Classification

Q3 Classification

Q3 Enumeration

Jian Estelle · 5問 · 2年前

Q3 Enumeration

5問 • 2年前

Q3 Identification

Jian Estelle · 48問 · 2年前

Q3 Identification

48問 • 2年前

Jian Estelle · 28問 · 2年前

28問 • 2年前

Enumeration

Jian Estelle · 7問 · 2年前

Enumeration

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Advancements

Advancements

Advancement of Engineering

Advancement of Engineering

Advancement of Science

Jian Estelle · 8問 · 2年前

Advancement of Science

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Periods and Era

Jian Estelle · 13問 · 2年前

Periods and Era

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Jian Estelle · 22問 · 2年前

22問 • 2年前

3,4,5

Jian Estelle · 15問 · 2年前

3,4,5

15問 • 2年前

Quiz 2 (1)

Quiz 2 (1)

Quiz 2 (2)

Jian Estelle · 31問 · 2年前

Quiz 2 (2)

31問 • 2年前

quiz 3

Jian Estelle · 33問 · 2年前

quiz 3

33問 • 2年前

Quiz 2 (3)

Quiz 2 (3)

Quiz 2 (4)

Quiz 2 (4)

Nation-states roles

Nation-states roles

Acronyms

Jian Estelle · 48問 · 2年前

Acronyms

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quiz 3

Jian Estelle · 21問 · 2年前

quiz 3

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SS1

SS1

107問 • 2年前

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MT0

Jian Estelle · 36問 · 2年前

MT0

36問 • 2年前

E1 mam

Jian Estelle · 40問 · 2年前

E1 mam

40問 • 2年前

SS1 Enumeration

SS1 Enumeration

Jian Estelle · 61問 · 2年前

61問 • 2年前

15-20 pg

Jian Estelle · 76問 · 2年前

15-20 pg

76問 • 2年前

International and Local

Jian Estelle · 69問 · 2年前

International and Local

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pg 20

Jian Estelle · 14問 · 2年前

pg 20

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pg21 (19)

Jian Estelle · 25問 · 2年前

pg21 (19)

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pg 22

Jian Estelle · 11問 · 2年前

pg 22

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20-22 pg

Jian Estelle · 50問 · 2年前

20-22 pg

50問 • 2年前

4.1

Jian Estelle · 32問 · 2年前

4.1

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4.2

Jian Estelle · 38問 · 2年前

4.2

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pg 23-25

Jian Estelle · 44問 · 2年前

pg 23-25

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pg 25-27

Jian Estelle · 47問 · 2年前

pg 25-27

47問 • 2年前

Math 1

Jian Estelle · 49問 · 2年前

Math 1

49問 • 2年前

5.1 doc

Jian Estelle · 9問 · 2年前

5.1 doc

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5.1

Jian Estelle · 54問 · 2年前

5.1

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5.2 doc

Jian Estelle · 20問 · 2年前

5.2 doc

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5.3

5.3

4.1

Jian Estelle · 33問 · 2年前

4.1

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4.2

Jian Estelle · 30問 · 2年前

4.2

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5.1

Jian Estelle · 40問 · 2年前

5.1

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5.2

5.2

5.3

Jian Estelle · 5問 · 2年前

5.3

5問 • 2年前

additional definitions

Jian Estelle · 24問 · 2年前

additional definitions

24問 • 2年前

Poetry

Jian Estelle · 34問 · 2年前

Poetry

34問 • 2年前

Figures of Speech

Jian Estelle · 11問 · 2年前

Figures of Speech

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Drama

Drama

eng

Jian Estelle · 30問 · 2年前

eng

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person

Jian Estelle · 9問 · 2年前

person

9問 • 2年前

Jian Estelle · 26問 · 2年前

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eng2

eng2

eng 3

Jian Estelle · 39問 · 2年前

eng 3

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mentioned

Jian Estelle · 39問 · 2年前

mentioned

39問 • 2年前