provide financial support and professional advice for economic and social development activities in developing countries and promote international economic cooperation.

established in 1945 as the central institution of global monetary system or the currency trading system, also responsible for exchange rates that enable business to occur between countries.

encouraging states to adopt sound economic policies.

promotes the balanced expansion of world trade, the stability of exchange rates, the avoidance of competitive currency devaluations, and the orderly correction of the balance of payment problems.

main forum for discussing not only national economic policies in a global context but also issues essential to the stability of the international monetary and financial system.

founded in 1945 and was first involved mainly in the reconstruction of countries devastated by World War II, now it also serves as the world’s unindustrialized countries’ economic development to lift the world out of poverty.

focuses on middle income countries and creditworthy low-income countries and lends only to governments.

focuses on the world’s poorest countries and is the world’s largest source of interest-free loans and grants assistance to the poorest countries’ government

focuses on financing private sector projects in which it may take an equity stake in addition to lending.

promotes foreign direct investment in developing countries by insuring investors against political or noncommercial risks in those countries.

provides a forum for mediating disputes between investors and governments and advise governments in their efforts to attract investment.

primary source of multilateral financing for economic, social, and institutional development projects in both public and the private sectors and trade and regional integration programs, also promotes poverty reduction and social equity and environmentally sustainable economic growth.

its vision is a region free of poverty and a mission to help its developing member countries reduce poverty and improve their citizen’s quality of life through policy dialogue, loans, technical assistance, grants, guarantees, and equity investments.

promotes the economic development and social progress of its shareholder countries in Africa.

supports and nurtures new private sectors in democratic environments of central and eastern Europe.

was the central institution of the global financial system in the 19th century.

the exchange rate between any two currencies were the ration of their value in gold.

were freely convertible into gold at fixed rates.

was another notable feature of the 19th century global economy. European powers had colonized or established effective control over most of Africa, Asia, and Oceania.

is a network of global financial institutions that promote economic independence and prosperity. It was inaugurated during the UN Monetary and Financial Conference as prevention to economic catastrophes of the early decades.

British economist who believed that economic crises occurred not when a country does not have enough money, but when money is not being spent, and thereby not moving.

is a system where the governments have to reinvigorate markets with infusions of capital when economies slow down.

are those that have significant investments and facilities in multiple countries.

These have investments in other countries but have not coordinated product offerings in each country.

They are more focused on adapting their products and services to each local market.

They invest directly in foreign nations but are usually limited to a few areas.

Products are customized to local preferences rather than homogenized, which restricted their ability to create economies of scale.

the United Nations Center on Transnational Corporations (UNCTC) defines it as an enterprise engaging in activities that add value in more than one country.

They have a central corporate facility for decision making, research and development, and marketing powers to each foreign market.

these are importers and exporters but typically without investment outside of their home country. They have no direct foreign investment.

Their involvement outside its borders is essentially limited to importing and exporting goods.