Math 1

49問 • 2年前

問題一覧

is a branch of mathematics created to solve problems involving the most efficient way to travel between different directions.

Graph Theory

it was developed after _____ solved an eighteenth century problem in solving the seven bridges of _____ in a city now called _____ in a modern Russia.

Graph Theory, Leonhard Euler, Pregel River, Kaliningrad

is a set of points called ____ and line segments or curves called ____ that connect vertices.

Graph, Vertices or Nodes, Edges

is an edge that begins and ends at the same vertex.

Loop

is a line connecting two vertices called endpoints.

Edge

is the number of its vertices.

Order of a Graph

is the number of edges that intersect the vertex.

Degree of a Vertex

has an even number of edges that intersect the vertex.

Even Vertex

has an odd number of edges that intersect the vertex.

Odd Vertex

pair of vertices joined by an edge.

Adjacent Vertices

term describing an edge if its joined to a vertex.

Incident

edge that begins and ends at the same vertex.

Loop

has two distinct endvertices.

Link

graph with multiple edges; allowing more than one edge to connect between two vertices; such edges are called multiple edges.

Multigraph

graph with loops and multiple edges.

Pseudograph

alternating sequences of vertices and edges, with each edge being incident to the vertices immediately preceding and succeeding it in the sequence.

Walk

walk with no repeated edges.

Trail

walk with no repeated vertices.

Path

walk with its initial vertex as also its terminal vertex.

Closed Walk

walk with its initial vertex different from its terminal vertex.

Open Walk

closed trail with at least one edge and no repeated vertices except that the initial vertex is the terminal vertex.

Cycle

length of a shortest (simple) cycle in the graph.

Girth of a Graph

length of the longest cycle in the graph.

Circumference of a Walk

number of edges in the sequence defining the walk; thus the length of a path or cycle is also the number of edges in the path or cycle.

Length of a Walk

graph in which every pair of its vertices is connected by a path; otherwise, the graph is disconnected.

Connected Graph

A graph that is disconnected two or more pieces.

Components of the Graph

vertex whose removal disconnects the remaining subgraph.

Cut Vertex or Cut Point

edge whose removal disconnects the graph.

Bridge or Cut Edge

it can be drawn without any break in the curve and without repeating any edges.

Traversable Graph

A trail or circuit (or cycle) is ____ if it uses all edges precisely once.

Eulerian

A graph that contains an Eulerian trail is ____.

Traversable

A graph is ____ if and only if the degree of each vertex is even.

Eulerian

is a graph whose edges have directions.

Directed Graph

In a digraph, a pair of edges in which one is directed from vertex a to vertex b and the other is directed from vertex b to vertex a.

Parallel Edges

is a vertex with 0 in-degree.

Source

is a vertex with 0 out-degree.

Sink

it associates a value (weight) with every edge in the graph

Weighted Graph

is a simple graph that if u and v are vertices in T, there exists a unique simple walk from u to v.

Tree T

is connected and an acyclic graph.

Tree

a graph with no cycle.

Tree

a tree in which a particular vertex is designed as a root.

Rooted Tree

length of simple path from the root to a vertex v

Level of a Tree

maximum level number

Weight of the Tree

the study of changes in the number of births, marriages, deaths, etc. in a particular area during a period of time

Demography

a British scholar who warned that the population growth will inevitably exhaust world food supply by the middle of the 19th century.

Thomas Maltus, An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798)

American biologist with his wife wrote ___ which argued that overpopulation in the 1970s and 80s will bring global environment disasters that would in turn lead to food shortage and mass starvation.

Paul R. Ehrlich, The Population Bomb

Critics of the neo-Malthusian theory who disagrees with Thomas Maltus’s prediction and accused governments of using population control as a substitute for social justice and much-needed reforms such as land distribution, employment creation, provision of mass education and health care, and emancipation.

Betsy Harman

should receive family planning counseling on abortion, the dangers of sexually transmitted diseases, the nature of human sexuality, and the main elements of responsible parenthood.

The Feminist Perspective, Women

What are the cause of poverty?

walang pagsusumikap, laziness, no budget allotted for the poor, no access to education, anak nang anak, less opportunities for employment, tambay, overpopulation

CSCI

Jian Estelle · 102問 · 3年前

CSCI