Older adult

65-74

75-84

85-99

100+

Agism

Sleep disorders, Problems with eating or feeding, Incontinence, Confusion, Evidence of falls, Skin breakdown

Loss of skin elasticity= wrinkling and sagging, ⬇️skin integrity, Balding in both men and women, Age spots changes in pigmentation and moles common, ⬆️risk of skin cancer, should have full body exams every 1-2 years., Nails thicken and become brittle, Increased bruising

⬇️subq tissue, Muscle mass and strength decrease, Bones become more porous ⬆️risk of fractures, Joint stiffen and lose flexability and ROM decreases, Mobility slows down and posutre tends to stoop muscle mass ⬇️

Cogniton responses may be delayed due to CNS (spinal cord&brain) responding more slowly, Temp regulation and pain/ pressure perception is less efficient, Loss of sensation in extremities, Difficulty with balance, coordination, fine movements ⬆️risk of falls, Sleep at night typically changes

Deminished visual acuity, ⬆️sensitivity to glare and ⬇️ability to adjust to darkness, Difficulty reading small print, Cataracts are common, Diminished hearing acuity, Cerumen buildup is common, Pitch issues, Loss of sweet and salty taste first

Blood vessels become less elastic and more rigid, Fatty plaque deposits occur, Lower extremity edema and skin temp changes (heart failure), Harder for body to maintain adequate cardiac output and ⬆️HR with and activity, Lung elasticity and cilliary action decrease (lung sounds deminished)

Digestive enzymes decrease, Malnutrition and anemia become more common especial if hospitalized, Constipation and indigestion are common from ⬇️peristalsis, Tooth decay and loss, Diminished saliva production leads to dry mouth

Blood flow to kidneys ⬇️due to low cardiac output, Nephrons ⬇️by 50%, Fluids and electrolyte balance is fragile, Bladder capacity ⬇️ by 50%, Enlarged prostate can impede flow of urin and cause urinary retention, Genital tract atrophies, Vaginal walls thin and have decrease vaginal secretions

Every 2 years unless high risk (first degree relative with breast cancer, or gene mutation)

Yearly

Delirium

Dementia