Ears and Eyes

Aqueous humor

Vitreous humor

Refraction

Hyperopia

Myopia

Miosis

Mydrasis

True

Diabetes, HTN, Lupus, Cardiac disease, Muptiple sclerosis, Pregnency

HR&BP

Exophthalmos

Enophthalmos

Ptosis

Anisocoria

Tumors

Slit-lamp

Corneal staining

Tonometry

Cataract

True

Blurred vision, Decreased color perception (early sign), Difficulty seeing at night, Painless, Opaque lens

Informed consent (making sure is signed), Education about administering eyedrops after, Med history: are they on any med that affects blood clotting.

Abnormal: significant swelling, pain, or bruising., Wear dark glasses outdoors, Instill prescribed eye drops to ⬇️ complications, and follow-up appt.

Glaucoma

Primary- open angle glaucoma

Primary angle-closure glaucoma

Glaucoma

True

Age and hereditary, DM and HTN, Recent eye surgery, Trauma

10-20

22-32

Higher than 30

Prostglandin (-Prost)

Beta blockers (check BP&HR)

Cholinergic agonists (Carbachol, Echothiopate, Pilocarpine), report ⬆️ salivation and drooling

Macular degeneration

Retinal detachment

⬆️age, Cataract or laser eye surgery

Sudden onset (painless), Bright flashes of light (shooting stars), Floaters, Curtain closing when partially detached

Loss of central vision

Scleral buckling (with gas bubble)

Education regarding activity restriction, Eye patch placed to reduce eye movement, Topical meds given to inhibit pupil constriction

Eye patch and shield in place, No bending or lifting, Minimize blowing nose, sneezing, coughing, Avoid staring during bowel movements, Head must be kept in a dependent position, No reading, writing, or work that requires close vision for first week after surgery., Signs and symptoms of infection

True

Retinopathy (DM at risk)

Macular degeneration

Retinal detachment

Open- angle glaucoma

Presbycusis

The pinna becomes elongated, Hair in the canal becomes coarser, Cerumen is drier and becomes impacted easier, Tympanic membrane loses elasticity, Hearing acuity decreases, The ability to hear high freq. is lost first. May have problems hearing f, s, sh, and pa sounds

When client is laying on side make sure that the pinna is not folded under their head

When pt is laying on side make sure pinna is not folded, More frequent ear irrigation, Irrigate weekly for dry Cerumen or when change is noticed, Assess hearing with the voice test, do not assume, Provide a quiet environment, speak slowly clearly and in a deeper voice and emphasize beginning word sounds

Otitis media with effusion (infection of external or middle ear), Impacted Cerumen, Perforation of the tympanic membrane, Otosclerosis, Narrowing of the external auditory canal, Foreign body

Congentical and genetic factors, Chronic noise trauma, Aging (presbycusis), Ménière’s disease, Ototoxic drugs and chemo drugs (aspirin, nsaids, antibiotics, loop diuretics), Diabetes mellitus

Evidence of obstruction, May speak softly, Hearing best in a noisy environment