問題一覧
1
What is the area of the eye that glaucoma accurs in?
Aqueous humor
2
What is the larger area of the eye where reflection bounces off.
Vitreous humor
3
Match the correct term to the definition. Bends light rays into the eye and the retina.
Refraction
4
Farsighted
Hyperopia
5
Nearsighted
Myopia
6
Pupillary constriction
Miosis
7
Pupillary dilation.
Mydrasis
8
True or false? An older adults sclera may appear yellow or blue.
True
9
Select the conditions that may have and affect on the eyes.
Diabetes , HTN, Lupus, Cardiac disease , Muptiple sclerosis , Pregnency
10
What must be checked before administering a beta blocker (lol)?
HR&BP
11
What is protrusion of the eye? (can be caused hyperthyroid, graves)
Exophthalmos
12
Sunken appearance of the eye. (can be caused by severe dehydration)
Enophthalmos
13
Dropping of eyelid.
Ptosis
14
What is a noticeable difference in pupil size.
Anisocoria
15
What is a CT used to look for?
Tumors
16
What would be used to look at the anterior structures of the eye: lens, cornea, vitreous humor.
Slit-lamp
17
What is used for assessing corneal trauma or presence of a foreign body.
Corneal staining
18
What test is used to measure the intraocular pressure?
Tonometry
19
What is a dens opaque lens that distorts the image?
Cataract
20
True or false? Corticosteriods ⬆️ eye pressure.
True
21
What are the clinical manifestations of cataracts?
Blurred vision, Decreased color perception (early sign), Difficulty seeing at night , Painless, Opaque lens
22
Surgery is the only treatment for cataracts what are the nursing responsibilities PRE-operatively
Informed consent (making sure is signed), Education about administering eyedrops after, Med history: are they on any med that affects blood clotting.
23
After cataract surgery what are the discharge instructions/ education?
Abnormal: significant swelling, pain, or bruising., Wear dark glasses outdoors, Instill prescribed eye drops to ⬇️ complications, and follow-up appt.
24
What is an increase in intraocular pressure (specifically in the aqeauous humor)
Glaucoma
25
What type of glaucoma develops slowly with aging?
Primary- open angle glaucoma
26
What is a sudden onset of increased intraocular pressure (specially the aqueous humor), is a medical emergency, and is usually from cocaine?
Primary angle-closure glaucoma
27
Gradual loss of peripheral vision that progresses to tunnel vision.
Glaucoma
28
True or false? With glaucoma the sclera may appear reddened and the cornea foggy.
True
29
Select the risk factors to be aware of for glaucoma.
Age and hereditary , DM and HTN, Recent eye surgery , Trauma
30
What is normal intraocular pressure (IOP)?
10-20
31
What is the IOP rang for open angle glaucoma?
22-32
32
What is the IOP for angle closure glaucoma?
Higher than 30
33
What drugs reduce IOP by dilating the blood vessels?
Prostglandin (-Prost)
34
What drugs reduce IOP by limiting the production of aqueous humor and dilating the pupils “2for1”
Beta blockers (check BP&HR)
35
What kinda of drugs reduce IOP by limiting the production of aqueous humor?
Cholinergic agonists (Carbachol, Echothiopate, Pilocarpine), report ⬆️ salivation and drooling
36
What is deterioration of the macula, area of central vision, the leading cause of blindness in US for individuals over 65, and there is NO CURE?
Macular degeneration
37
Sepeatraion of the retina from the epithelium?
Retinal detachment
38
What are the causes of retinal detachment? (select all)
⬆️age, Cataract or laser eye surgery
39
What are the clinical manifestations of retinal detachment?
Sudden onset (painless), Bright flashes of light (shooting stars), Floaters , Curtain closing when partially detached
40
What is the clinical manifestation of macular degeneration?
Loss of central vision
41
What is the treatment for retinal detachment?
Scleral buckling (with gas bubble)
42
What is done pre-operatively to scleral buckling surgery?
Education regarding activity restriction , Eye patch placed to reduce eye movement , Topical meds given to inhibit pupil constriction
43
What are the post-op teachings/ interventions for scleral buckling surgery?
Eye patch and shield in place, No bending or lifting , Minimize blowing nose, sneezing, coughing, Avoid staring during bowel movements, Head must be kept in a dependent position , No reading, writing, or work that requires close vision for first week after surgery., Signs and symptoms of infection
44
True or false? Corneal abrasions and corneal infections can lead to a corneal ulcer.
True
45
What vision change is shown?
Retinopathy (DM at risk)
46
What vision change is pictured here?
Macular degeneration
47
What vision change is shown here?
Retinal detachment
48
What vision change is shown here?
Open- angle glaucoma
49
Hearing loss due to aging
Presbycusis
50
Select the ear changes associated with older adulthood.
The pinna becomes elongated, Hair in the canal becomes coarser , Cerumen is drier and becomes impacted easier , Tympanic membrane loses elasticity , Hearing acuity decreases , The ability to hear high freq. is lost first. May have problems hearing f, s, sh, and pa sounds
51
What is the nursing action for an elongated pinna
When client is laying on side make sure that the pinna is not folded under their head
52
What are the nursing interventions for ear changes related to older age?
When pt is laying on side make sure pinna is not folded, More frequent ear irrigation , Irrigate weekly for dry Cerumen or when change is noticed , Assess hearing with the voice test, do not assume, Provide a quiet environment, speak slowly clearly and in a deeper voice and emphasize beginning word sounds
53
Select causes of conductive hearing loss?
Otitis media with effusion (infection of external or middle ear), Impacted Cerumen , Perforation of the tympanic membrane , Otosclerosis , Narrowing of the external auditory canal, Foreign body
54
Select the causes of sensionerual hearing loss. Impairment of function of the inner ear nerve.
Congentical and genetic factors , Chronic noise trauma , Aging (presbycusis), Ménière’s disease , Ototoxic drugs and chemo drugs (aspirin, nsaids, antibiotics, loop diuretics), Diabetes mellitus
55
Select the assessment findings for conductive hearing loss.
Evidence of obstruction , May speak softly , Hearing best in a noisy environment
56
Select the assessment findings for sensorineural hearing loss.
Normal appearance of external canal, Tinnitus common (ringing), Occasional dizziness , Speaking loudly , Hearing poor in loud environment