問題一覧
1
A condition in which the body is in a decreased state of activity with the consequent feeling of being refreshed.
Rest
2
A state of rest accompanied by altered consciousness and relative inactivity.
Sleep
3
What is a period of inactivity and restoration of mental and physical function.
Sleep
4
A time of mental activity and energy expenditure.
Wakefulness
5
The ability to concentrate, make judgements, and participate in daily activity decreases, and irritability increases without…?
Proper amounts of rest and sleep
6
True or false? A lack of sleep may affect normal growth and development in children, and may increase obesity risk in both children and adults.
True
7
What is the name given to the rhythmic biologic clock?
Circadian rhythm
8
Light and dark can effect the circadian rhythm. Because of this patients in the ICU are at an increased risk of what?
Dilerium
9
What is sleep regulated by?
CNS (hormones, neurotransmitters), Hypothalamus , Reticular activating system (RAS), Homeostatic process
10
Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) consists of four stages. What percentage of total sleep time is taken up by NREM?
75-80%
11
Stage I and II of NREM are what kind of sleep? And take up what percentage of sleep time?
Light, 5-50%
12
Stages III and IV of NREM sleep (delta sleep) are what kind of sleep? What happens with the parasympathetic nervous system? And take up what percentage of sleep?
Deep, Parasympathetic slows down H.R , B.P., everything slows down, 10%
13
Rapid eye movement REM makes up what percentage of sleep?
20-25%
14
What happens during REM sleep?
Pulse, respiratory rate, blood pressure, metabolic rate, and body tempature INCREASE, Skeletal muscle tone and DTR are depressed
15
How many hours of sleep do newborns and infants need per day?
16 hours
16
How many hours of sleep do toddlers need per day?
11-14
17
How many hours of sleep do preschoolers need per day?
10-13
18
How many hours of sleep do school-aged children need per day?
9-12
19
How many hours of sleep do teenagers need per day?
Varies widely on average 8-10
20
How many hours of sleep do young adults need per day?
7-9
21
What happens with middle aged adults sleep?
It decreases with a decline of IV (deep sleep)
22
How many hours of sleep do older adults need?
7-8
23
What happens with older adults sleep patterns?
Stage IV is absent or considerably shortened , Dificulty falling asleep, Decline in health, psychological, and effects of drug therapy may effect sleep
24
Activity and exercise increase _____ and can promote relaxation followed by ______. Select in order.
Fatigue, Sleep
25
Don’t exercise within _ hours of sleeping.
3
26
What amino acid promotes sleep, found in turkey and other foods?
L-tryptophan
27
What kind of snack before bed promotes sleep?
Small protein combined with healthy complex carbs.
28
Large quantities of what limit REM and delta sleep?
Alcohol
29
What blocks the ability of adenosine to cause drowsiness?
Caffeine
30
Select illnesses associated with sleep disturbances.
Gastroesophageal reflux GERD, Coronary artery disease (effects h.r and b.p.), Epilepsy seizures , Liver failure and encephalitis (toxins buildup causing confusion and agitation), Hypothyroid , End stage renal disease
31
How do Benzodiazepines affect sleep, what are they given for, and what is their suffix?
Sedation/ drowsiness, Anxiety , “-am”
32
How do antidepressants affect sleep?
Can cause drowsiness
33
How do diuretics affect sleep?
Nocturia
34
How do Antihypertensives affect sleep?
Drowsiness ⬇️b.p&h.r.
35
How do steroids affect sleep?
Keep you up ⬆️energy
36
How do decongestants effect sleep?
Can cause wakefulness, some cause drowsiness
37
What is characterized by difficulty falling asleep, intermittent sleep or difficulty maintaining sleep, despite adequate opportunity and circumstances to sleep.
Insomnia
38
What percentage of adults in the U.S. complain of insomnia?
30-35%
39
True or false? People with a history of depression are more likely to experience insomnia.
True
40
Insomnia can cause what?
Delerium
41
What sleep disorder is characterized by five or more predominantly obstructive respiratory events?
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
42
What is the main cause of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?
Obesity
43
Someone with sleep apnea may wake up?
Startled, Lethargic, Irritable
44
What does CPAP stand for?
Continuous positive airway pressure (keeps airway open at all times)
45
What is idiopathic hypersomnia?
Excessive sleep particularly during the day.
46
Excessive daytime sleepiness and frequent overwhelming urges to sleep or inadvertent daytime lapses into sleep. Up to 70% of people with the condition experience cataplexy, the sudden, involuntary loss of skeletal muscle tone lasting from seconds to one or two minutes.
Narcolepsy
47
Patterns of waking behavior that appear during REM or NREM sleep, more common in children.
Parasomnias
48
REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), sleep terrors, and nightmare disorder are all what?
Parasomnias that involve violent dreams are also more common in children
49
What is the medical term for bed wetting?
Sleep enuresis
50
What is eating and drinking while sleeping?
Sleep-related eating disorder
51
What is a sleep related movement disorder that affects up to 15% of the population, most often middle aged adults, and is characterized by creeping, crawling or tingling sensation in the legs?
RLS or Willis-Ekbom disease (WED)
52
Sleect the risk factors for RLS
Antidepressants , Iron deficiency , Antinausea medications, High caffeine intake, Alcohol, Antihistamines
53
Select the non pharmacological treatments for RLS.
Massaging legs, Magnesium can help , Knee bends or gentle stretches , Avoiding high caffeine intake , Good sleep habits
54
What are the objective date when assessing sleep characteristics for RLS?
Restlessness , Sleep posture , Sleep activities , Snoring, Leg jerking
55
Select HUSH in order
Help, Us, Support, Healing
56
Select SHHH in order
Silent , Hospitals , Help, Healing
57
What is the generic version of ambien?
Zolpidem
58
Why would someone be prescribed benzodiazepines for sleep?
Diffiuclty with falling and staying asleep.
59
What are the side effects of benzodiazepines?
Somnolence (strong urge to sleep), Cognitive impairment , Anterograde amnesia , Parasomnias
60
What is the melatonin receptor agonist prescribed for sleep?
Ramelteon
61
What is ramelteon given for?
Facilitates the onset of sleep, but is not intended for sleep maintenance.
62
Select the signs and symptoms associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Respiratroy effort-related arousals during sleep, accompanied by sleepiness, fatigue, insomnia, snoring , Gasping for air during sleep, The absence of breathing (apnea)