FOREN: Module 5 (Lesson 2)

76問 • 1年前

問題一覧

It is described as the combination of chemicals which is exuded by the pores on the surface of the skin.

LATENT PRINTS

defined as the markings of oily matter or perspiration from the skin glands left upon surface which the hands and fingers may have touched

LATENT PRINTS

often impress on dust, blood oil or grease.

VISIBLE PRINTS

those marks on the surface whenever fingers touch soft objects.

MOLDED PRINTS

those prints that are made due to the sweat present in the fingers and thumb of a person that is transferred to any object that he hold.

INVISIBLE PRINTS

those prints that are indistinct due to sliding motion of fingers at the time they are impressed.

SMUDGE PRINT

those prints that show only a portion of the pattern or of the friction skin.

FRAGMENTARY PRINTS

prints formed on plastic material such as melted paraffin from a pitch, paste on envelop and stamps

PLASTIC PRINTS

This type of friction ridge impression is molded into the surface of material such as putty or modeling clay forming a three dimensional impression.

PLASTIC PRINT

this type of friction ridge impression is not readily visible.

LATENT IMPRESSION

a friction ridge impression is visible, example an impression found in blood.

PATENT IMPRESSION

Types of Evidentiary Fingerprints

Visible prints, Molded prints, Invisible prints, Smudge prints, Fragmentary prints, Plastic prints

Factors affecting Latent Fingerprint

Climate condition, Subject Factor, Nature of the Surface

too much exposure to the elements would reduce the chance being recovered.

CLIMATE CONDITION

refers to the physical characteristics of the individual.

SUBJECT FACTOR

The distinction is deciphering finger marks left by a male or female human being.

SUBJECT FACTOR

latent fingerprints left on a smooth non-porous surface will formally retain their usefulness longer than those impressed on a porous surface.

NATURE OF THE SURFACE

Purpose of Sweat

regulate the temperature of the body, moisten the skin, remove waste and toxic materials, means of identification

Factors in Selection of Methods in Development Latent Prints

nature of the surface; example porous or non-porous, wet, dirty, apparent composition of the fingerprint residue or matrix; example moisture contaminated with oil and dirt, condition of the friction ridge impression

Steps in the Examination of any Potential Latent Print

- Visual Examination, - Fluorescence examination, - Selection and Application of an appropriate enhancement methods

Materials for Collection of Latent Fingerprint

Fingerprint powders, Fingerprint brushes, Magnetic wand, Latent print transfer card, Fingerprint camera

refers to the powder used in developing latent prints found at the scene of the crime

FINGERPRINT POWDERS

used for developing latent prints using non-magnetic powder.

FINGERPRINT BRUSHES

There are three variations of brushes used;

- fiber glass, - magnetic type, - feather type

use in powdering latent prints using magnetic powder.

MAGNETIC WAND

refers to a tape used for lifting developed latent prints which is quite harder than an ordinary tape.

FINGERPRINT LIFTING TAPE

refers to a card used in preserving lifted latent prints which is either white or black in background.

LATENT PRINT TRANSFER CARD

use in photographing the developed latent prints.

FINGERPRINT CAMERA

Types of Lifting Tapes

- Hinge lifters, - Rubber lifter, - Cellophane tape

come in many different color backgrounds to allow for the visualization fingerprints developed with different color powders

HINGE LIFTERS

is a plastic cover with adhesive side

RUBBER LIFTER

a high quality clear transparent tape

CELLOPHANE TAPE

Methods of Developing Latent Prints

Powder Methods, Chemical Methods, Vapor Methods

An application of finely ground, colored powder to nonporous object to make latent prints visible

POWDER METHOD

ideally used on painted or smooth surfaces including plastics. Oxides powder is extremely sensitive to moisture particularly sebaceous or oily secretions.

OXIDES

a powder effective on plated or polished surfaces such as silver and chrome.

METALLICS

powders having magnetic properties and therefore, it must not be used on surface containing iron or steel.

MAGNETICS

combination powders that can be use on any surface whether dark or light.

OXIDE & METALLIC

it is oxide in nature and can only be used on painted or smooth surfaces but these powders are designed to overcome the problem on multi-colored surfaces.

FLUORESCENT

Powder Formulatioms

- Oxides, - Magnetics, - Oxides & Metallic, - Fluorescent

Visual chemical reaction between the reagent and one or more of the constituents of human perspiration, to yield to a colored, luminescent or radioactive products.

CHEMICAL METHODS

Chemical Methods

- Ninhydrine, - DFO, - Silver Nitrate, - Physical Developer, - Small Particle Regeant

a biological stain that will react to amino acid present in latent print; even the print is several years old this chemical is issued to develop latent prints on porous surfaces

NINHYRDINE

it is a ninhydrine analog that reportedly will develop 2 ½ times the number of prints as ninhydrine alone.

DFO

It react with amino acids in perspiration and is used to develop latent prints on porous surfaces.

DFO

are light sensitive and will react with the silver chloride or salt residue present in the latent print.

SILVER NITRATE

When latent print is treated with this chemical and exposed to light, a dark brown print will appear.

SILVER NITRATE

it react to sebaceous components of latent print residue and will give a silver-gray color of the print

PHYSICAL DEVELOPER

It is usually applied after the DFO and or ninhydrine methods.

PHYSICAL DEVELOPER

consist of suspension of fine molybdenum, disulfide particles in detergent solution

SMALL PARTICLE REAGENT (SPR)

The particles adhere to fatty constituents of latent print residues and form a gray molybdenum disulfide deposit.

SMALL PARTICLE REAGENT (SPR)

Vapor Methods

- Iodine Fuming Methods, - Iodine Fuming Gun, - Iodine Dusting Method, - Cyanoacrylate Fuming, - Cyanoacrylate (superglue), - Osmium tetroxide

reacts with the greasy or oily and fatty substance of latent prints. It is ideally use when prints are still fresh.

IODINE FUMING METHOD

conducted using either a glass of hard plastic tube.

IODINE FUMING GUN METHOD

It is ideally use when prints are still fresh

IODINE FUMING METHOD

iodine crystal are found into grain powder and dusted onto the surface containing latent fingerprints with a fingerprint brush.

IODINE DUSTING METHOD

this method is used for the development of latent prints on surfaces as diverse as plastics, electrical tape, garbage bags, Styrofoam, carbon paper.

CYANOACRYLATE FUMING

It produces a white deposit as a results of polymerization with the latent fingerprint

CYANOACRYLATE

a volatile oxidant that reacts with the double bonds present in the unsaturated organic components of the fingerprint deposit to give a blank product.

OSMIUM TETROXIDE

It is process of a careful and thorough comparison of two or more fingerprints into its minute ridge characteristics to establish its similarities or dissimilarities.

FINGERPRINT COMPARISON

Methods of Comparison of Latent Print and Standard Print

- Ordinary method, - Osborn method, - Seymour method, - Pricking method, - Polygon or pincushion method, - Overlay method, - Osterburg grid method, - Microscopic triangulation method, - Conventional method, - Photographic

Kinds of ordinary method

Simple method, Modified method, Drawn method

marking of the point of identity and after another which is drawn to the margin of the photograph latent and standard prints, designated by numbers arranged in consecutive order and in clockwise direction.

ORDINARY METHOD

the identical points of identity in both enlargements are drawn with straight line in a red ink to the margin. Then the ridge characteristics which were marked are numbered in consecutive order.

SIMPLE METHOD

the same processed is being applied with simple method except that the lines preceding the numbers are the initial of the type of ridge characteristics is being indicated.

MODIFIED METHOD

after the marking of the ridge characteristics with straight line, the numbers are placed about 1 cm immediately at the end of the line of the margin of the photographed prints.

DRAWN METHOD

the two enlarge photograph which has a size of 8 X 10 inches are divided into squares, both exactly alike with the squares occupying on each and examining them in their order, square for square, designating the identical points in each square.

OSBORN METHOD

it is done by making first a skeleton, tracing the questioned prints and that of the standard print of the suspect by making comparison, placed them together by holding them near reflector or side light or projector.

SEYMOUR METHOD

make enlargement of same size of the chance impression and the suspect standard print. Place the photograph of the standard print over the photograph of the chance impression in the same position. With the use of a needle, prick the identical points to determine if they coincide with one another.

PRICKING METHOD

photographic enlargement of the same scale of both question and standard prints are required in this method.

POLYGON METHOD OR PINCUSHION METHOD

Consequently, this method of comparison is performing by placing a transparent overlay on top of the print under scrutiny, then every ridge characteristic shall be marked with appropriate writing pen in the transparent overlay.

OVERLAY METHOD

Since this method is unsophisticated, it is advice to be used by an inexperience fingerprint examiner.

OVERLAY METHOD

this method of comparison is similar with Osborn method into details. This method however, goes beyond simply matching the characteristics in corresponding grid cells.

OSTERBURG GRID METHOD

MISCROSCOPIC TRIANGULATION METHOD

this method is considered as the oldest and the surest method of demonstrating the identity of the latent print.

CONVENTIONAL METHOD

this involves the use of photographic enlargement. The positioning and alignment of both prints in the enlargement must be in close arrangement as possible.

PHOTOGRAPHIC

CLAW J 2

Allysah Marie Ares · 80問 · 2年前

CLAW J 2