To track or to locate into for traces

Latin word means footprint

To inquireor to discover

An inquiry, judicial or otherwise for the discovery and collection of facts concerning the matters involved

It is the process of inquiring, eliciting, soliciting and getting vital information, facts, circumstances in order to establish the truth

Three fold aim

it is defined as art or science oriented toward identifying perpetrators, launching operations to locate his/their whereabouts and gathering of evidence to prove their guilt diring criminal proceeding

Is a legal inquiry caused by a complaint and it is conducted to follow up, examine, trace, track and search the facts comcerning the commission of a crime

4 phases of Criminal Investigation

Components of Criminal Invesigation

Refers to series of similarities that may link particular cases or indicate that the same person is committing a series of crimes

These are clues or pieces of information that aid in the progress of an investigation

Specifically refer to leads provided by the citizens that air in the progress of an investigation

Beliefs regarding the based on the evidence, patterns, leads, tips and other information developed and uncover in the case

Trichotomy of Criminal Investigation

being a critical factor in developing good and competent investigator, is the key to freedom from bandage of ignorance

To establish facts and develop evidence, a criminal investigator must use

Tools in Investigatiom

Essence of tactical strategy in investigation

Forms of Investigation

It refers to official inquiry conducted by a government agency in an effort to uncover facts and determine truth

It is an effort to search the basic cause of an incident such as the commission of a crime

A more historical description than a current usage to describe any penetrating investigation concerning a religious issue

Similar to formal investigation, is an extensive, searching inquiry conducted by a government agency

It is most employed type of investigation referes to the careful, patient investigation done by scientist or scholars in their efforts to identify original sources of data or cause of the problem

Is recent type of investigation pursued by the members of the press on their own initiative

Investigative Reporting designed to satisfy two purposes

Reasons why witnesses refuse to testify

Phase of Interview

RULES in questioning

Types of Witnesses

Is the vigorous and confrontational questioning of a reluctant suspect about his/her participation in the commission of crime

it is conforntational in the sense that the onvestigator places the guilt on the accused

Goals of Interrogation

Technique of Interrogation

Additional Modern Techniques of Investigation

Which is the process of applying instruments or tools of the police sciences in criminal investigation and detection. It is the use of Police Laboratory in the examination of physical evidence

Is the use of scientific methods or expertise to investigate crimes or examine evidence that might be presented in a court of law

The term forensic science involves

It is the general questioning of all persons who were present at the ceime scene/traffic accident scene.

Apparent signs of Deception

It is a skillful questioning of a suspect or hostile witness to divulge information on the crime being investigated

Facts means

is a voluntary statement by the accused directly acknowledging their guilt

is a voluntary statement of fact in issue or a relevant fact

Can only made by the accused

can be made by any party to the proceedings of a case or their agent and in certain circumstances, by third parties as well

in a case makes a direct acknowledgement of their guilt

is defined as a statement, oral or documentary or contained in electronic form, which suggests any interference as to any fact in issue or relevant fact, and which is made by any of the persons, and under the circumstances

Kinds of Confession

Types on Extra-Judicial Confession

Important principles in Crime Investigation

It may be defined as declaration and enumeration of person's right and privelages which the constitution is designed to protect against violations by the government, by an individual or group of individuals

It is fundamental characteristic of a republican system

It is a charyer of liberties for the individual and a limitation upon the power of the state

Refers to any questioning initiated by law enforcement officers after a person has been taken into custody

It refers to the investigation conducted by law enforcement immediately after arrest for the commission of an offense

An act defining Certain Rights of a Person Arrested, Detained or Under Custodial Investigation as Well as The Duties of the Arresting, Detaining and Investigating Officers, and Providing Penalties for Violations Thereof

Means that prior to wuestioning during custodial investigation, the person must be warned that he has the right to remain silent, that any statement he gives may be used as evidence against him, and that he has the right to the presence of an attorney, either retained or appointed

Custodial interrogation must be given the following warning

Instrumentation is also called

Is the process pf applying instruments or tools of the police sciences in criminal investigation and detection

Other Classification of Information as to Sources

Are all those records kept by the government as to the existence of an individual chronologically identify form birth to death

Significantly are records derived from private association of an individual including his/her activities whether personal or private affairs such as membership in a private club, business associates, bank records etcd

Are those sources of records from the police department regarding the crime perpetrated by the suspect prior to the acts and other methods known to be performed answering the questions on how the criminals operate and its peculiarity such as budol-budol, dugo-dugo, laglag barya, akyat-bahay, snatching etc.

Is reconnaissance or surveillance of a building, place or area to determine its sustainability for intelligence use or its vulnerability in an intelligence operation

Casing methods

Is the continuous or prolonged observation of a targeted individual, group, or organization by clandestine means to gather information relative to an open criminal investigation

Defined as the discreet observation pf persons, places and vehicles for the purpose of obtaining information concerning the identities or activities of criminals

FLAGRANTE DELICTO

Categories of Surveillance

Common types of Surveillance

Methods of Surveillance

Is when investigator is following on foot the subject

Foot Surveillance

Tactics and Techniques of shadowing

Common tricks of the subject in surveillance

involve a technique in which a person disguises his or her identity for the purposes of gainjng the trust of a network or organization

Is a police operations wherein the investigator assumes a fictitious identity in order to infiltrate the ranks of the criminals for the purpose of obtaining information

is a person who conducts an undercover assignment

Purposes of Undercover Operation

Type of Undercover Assignment

Donts in the assignment of undercover

Communications by the Undercover Agent to the Headquarters

Tracing and Arresting the Criminal