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CRIMC: Module 5

Nature and Concept of Victimization

CRIMC: Module 5
100問 • 1年前Nature and Concept of Victimization
  • Allysah Marie Ares
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    Is the scientific study of the psychological effects of crime and the relationship between victims and offender

    VICTIMOLOGY

  • 2

    study the ways in which the behavior of crime victims may have led to or contributed to their victimization

    VICTIMOLOGY

  • 3

    Studies victims of crimes and other forms of human rights violations that are not necessarily crime

    VICTIMOLOGY

  • 4

    Is the scientific study of victimizationbincluding the relationships between victims and offenders, the interactions between victims and the criminal justice system and the connections between victims and other societal groups institutuons, such as the media, businesses and social movement

    VICTIMOLOGY

  • 5

    Victimology encompasses the study of

    victimization, victim-offender relationship, victim-CJS relationship, victims and the media, victims and the costs of crime, victims and social movements

  • 6

    Uses the study of victimology and theories of victimology to determine why the victm was targeted by the offender

    LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES

  • 7

    Refers to any person, group, or entity who has suffered injury or loss due to illegal activity

    CRIME VICTIM, physical, psychological, economic

  • 8

    He is an aggressor, assailant, criminal evil doer, felon etc. who has committed the crime against the victim

    PERPETRATOR

  • 9

    The scientific study of victimology can be traced back to ??

    1940's and 1950's

  • 10

    Two criminologists that began to explore the field of victimology by creating typologies. And are considered fathers of the study of victimology

    HANS VON HENTIG, BENJAMIN MEDLSOHN

  • 11

    Was the first to coin the term 'Victimology' in 1940

    MENDELSOHN

  • 12

    Interviewed victims to obtain information, and his analysis led him to believe that most victims had an 'unconscious aptitude fo being victimized'

    MENDELSOHN

  • 13

    Mendelsohn first typology, the _____, portrayed as just being in the wrong place at the wrong time

    INNOCENT

  • 14

    Hentig studied victims of homicide, said that the most likely type of victim is ______. It is an easy target, careless, and unsuspecting

    DEPRESSIVE TYPE

  • 15

    The type that is easily duped because of his/her motovation for easy gain lowers his or her natural tendency to be suspicious

    GREEDY TYPE

  • 16

    Particularly vulnerable to stresses that occur in a given period of time in the life cycle, such as juvenile victkms

    WANTON TYOE

  • 17

    Is the victim of an attack from the target of his/her abuse, suvh as with battered women

    TORMENTOR TYPE

  • 18

    Scientific study of victims and focuses on helping victims heal after a crime.

    VICTIMOLOGY

  • 19

    aims to understand the criminal's motives and the underlying cause of crims

    CRIMINOLOGY

  • 20

    Are concerned with fostering recovery

    VICTIMOLOGIST

  • 21

    Lppk at every conceivable aspect of deviant behavior. This includes the impacts of crime, on individual victims and their families z society atarge, and even criminals themselves according to the balance

    CRIMINOLOGIST

  • 22

    Study elements like the frequency, location,bcauses and types of crime, then work to develop 'efective and humane means of preventing it

    CRIMINOLOGIST

  • 23

    focus on a range of victim-related issues, including estimating the extent of different types of cictimizatiin and examining victims's rights within legal system

    VICTIMOLOGIST

  • 24

    refers to the state, quality, or fact of being a victim

    VICTIMITY

  • 25

    Refers to a prdon who victimizes others

    VICTIMIZER

  • 26

    it is the outcome of deliberate action taken by a person or institution to exploit, oppress, or harm another , or to destroy or illegally obtain another's property possession

    VICTIMIZATION

  • 27

    Victimization has two meanings

    An act that exploits or harm another, Adversity resulting from being made a victim

  • 28

    Victimization is more likely at night around

    6:00 pm - 6:00 am

  • 29

    Isore comon durong the day, with kore serious crime occuring at night

    PERSONAL LARCENCY

  • 30

    Crime occurs more in home or close areas, although rapes and simple assaults tend to occur in public areas

    FALSE

  • 31

    Western areas have the highest crime rates, while Northern rural areas have the lowest

    TRUE

  • 32

    National Crme Survey indicates _____ of US households have atleast one individual who was victimized in some way during the past year

    25%

  • 33

    About ____ of American will be victim of personal theft at some time in their lives

    99%

  • 34

    ____% will be a theft victim three or more times

    87%

  • 35

    Women are twice as likely as men to be victms of robbery and assault.

    FALSE

  • 36

    Victim risk diminishes rapidly after age of ____

    25

  • 37

    Victim risk diminishes rapidly after age of ____

    25

  • 38

    Contrary to popular belief, Grandchildren are more safer than their Grandfather

    FALSE

  • 39

    Unmarried/never married people are more likely to be victims than the married or widowed

    TRUE

  • 40

    Poor are more likely victims of _____

    VIOLENT CRIME

  • 41

    Middle class are more likely victims of ______

    PROPERTY CRIME

  • 42

    About ___% of crime is intra racial

    75%

  • 43

    Strangers commit ____% of violent crimes

    60%

  • 44

    Females are unlikely to know their assailants

    FALSE

  • 45

    The characteristics of those most likely to be victimized might be summarized as

    young, black, urban, poor, male

  • 46

    Theories of Victimization

    Early Criminologist, Theories of Victimization, Refinement and Empirical Test of Opportunity Theories of Victimization, Moving Beyond Opportunity Theory

  • 47

    This generation scholarly work in victimology proposed victim tupologies base on the offender victim dyad in a criminal act.

    EARLY VICTIMOLOGIST

  • 48

    He developed a typology of victims based on the degree to which victims contributed to causing the criminal act.

    HANS VON HENTIG

  • 49

    He classified 13 categories depending on their propensity or risk for victimization

    HANS VON HENTIG

  • 50

    His notion that victims contributed to their victimization through their actions and behaiors led to the development of the concept of "victim blaming"

    VON HENTIG

  • 51

    An attorney, has often been referred ro as the Father of Victimology

    BENJAMIN MENDELSOHN

  • 52

    He surveyed both parties during the course of preparing a case for trial. and developed 6 category typology of victims based on legal consideration of the degree of a victim's culpabiliy

    BENJAMIN MENDELSOHN

  • 53

    His classification ranged from completely innocent to the imaginary victim

    BENJAMIN MENDELSOHN

  • 54

    The first empirical evidence to support the notion that victms are to some degree responsible for their own victimization was presented by

    MARVIN E. WOLFGANG

  • 55

    He analyzed Philadelphia's police homicide records from 1948 through 1942.

    MARVIN E. WOLFGANG

  • 56

    He reported that 26% homicides resulted from victim precipitation

    MARVIN E. WOLFGANG

  • 57

    Wolfgang identified theee factors common to victim-precipitated homicides

    (memorize)

  • 58

    He classifies victim on the basis of their "finctional responsibility" Victims' dual role was to function so that they did not provoke others to harm them while also preventing such acts

    STEPHEN SCHAFER

  • 59

    The seven-category range from no victim responsibility to some degree of victim responsibility to total victim responsibility

    STEPHEN SCHAFER

  • 60

    7 years later he undertook one of the first studies of rape

    MENACHEM AMIR

  • 61

    He reported that 19% of all forcible rapes were victim precipitated by such favtors as the use of alcohol by both parties

    MENACHEM AMIR

  • 62

    This generation of theorist shifted attention from the role of the victim toward an emphasis on a situational approach that focuses on explaining and testing how lifestyle and routine activities of everyday life create opportunities for victimization

    THEORIES OF VICTIMIZATION

  • 63

    Mendelsohn types of Victims (typology)

    Innocent, Victim with only minor guilt, Victim who is just as guilty as the offender, Victim guiltier than the offender, The most guilty victim, The imaginary victim

  • 64

    Portrayed as just being in the wrong place at the wrong time

    INNOCENT

  • 65

    was victimized due to ignorance

    VICTIM WITH ONLY MINOR GUILT

  • 66

    Voluntary victim. Suicide case is common to this category

    Victim who is just as guilty as the offender

  • 67

    described as contaning persons who provoked the criminal or actively induced their own victimization

    The victim guiltier than the offender

  • 68

    Who is guilty alone

    The most guilty victim

  • 69

    An attacker killed by a would-be victim in the act of defending themselves is an example of this

    The most guilty victim

  • 70

    A victim suffering from mental disorders or those victims with extreme mental abnormalities

    The imaginary victim

  • 71

    They noticed that certain groups of people namely, young people and males, were more likely to be criminally victimized

    HINDELANG GOTTFREDSON, GAROFALO

  • 72

    They theorized that an individual's demographics (e.g., sex, age) tended to influence one's lifestyle

    HINDELANG GOTTFREDSON, GARORALO

  • 73

    According to them, one's sex carries with it certain role expectations and societal constraints; it is how idividual reacts to these influences that determine one's lifestyle

    HINDELANG, GAROFALO

  • 74

    In this Theory, if females spend more time at home, they would exposed to fewer risky situations involvinh strangers and hence experience fewer stranger-committed victimization

    LIFESTYLE EXPOSURE THEORY

  • 75

    Explains why young persons are more likely to be victimized than older people, because the young are more likely to hang out with other youth, who commit a dispropriate amount of violent and property crimes

    PRINCIPLE OF HOMOGAMY

  • 76

    Argued that lifestyles that ecpose people at large of would-be offenders increase one's risk of being victimized

    HINDELAND et al.

  • 77

    They formulated routine activities theory to explain in aggregate direct-contacg predatory(e.g., murder, forcible rape, burglary) crime rate is the US from 1947 through 1974

    COHEN AND FELSON

  • 78

    Posits that the convergence in tjme and space of a motivated offender, a suitable target, and the absence of capable guardian provide an opportunity for crimes to occur

    ROUTINE ACTIVITIES THEORY

  • 79

    Does nkt attempt to explain participation in crime but instead focuses on how opportunities for crimes are related to the nature of patterns of routine social interaction, including one's work, family, and leisure acitivities

    ROUTINE ACTIVITIES THEORY

  • 80

    The Supply of motivated offenders is taken as a given

    ROUTINE ACTIVITIES THEORY

  • 81

    Over the years, ideas about victim precipitation have come to be perceived as a negative thing; it is called ______

    VICTIM BLAMING

  • 82

    Theories of Victimization

    Luckenbill's Situated Transaction Model, Benjamin & Master's Threedold Model, Lawrence Cohen & Marcus Felson's Routine Activities Theory

  • 83

    Von Hentig's Classes of Victim

    Young, Female, Old, Mentally Defective, Immigrant, Minorities

  • 84

    This one is commonly found in the sociology of deviance textbooks. The idea is that the interpersonal level, crime and victimization is a contest of character

    LUCKENBILL'S SITUATED TRANSACTION MODEL

  • 85

    This one is found in a variety of criminological studies, from prison riots to strain theories

    BENJAMIN & MASTER'S THREEFOLD MODEL

  • 86

    Benjamin & Master's Threefold Model has classified into 3 categories

    Precipitating Factors, Attracting Factors, Predisposing Factors

  • 87

    This one is quite popular among victimologist today who are anxiouw to test the thoery.

    Lawrence Cohen & Marcus Felson's Routine Activites Theory

  • 88

    3 conditions to Cohen and Felson's RATheory

    Suitable Targets, Motivated Offenders, Absence of Guardians

  • 89

    Victim Precipitation Theory was first Promulgated by?

    VON HENTIG (1941)

  • 90

    This theory applies only to violent victimization. Its basic premise is that by acting in a certain provocative ways, soem individuals initiate a chain of events tha lead to their victimization

    VICTIM PRECIPITATION THEORY

  • 91

    Victim precipitation can be either

    ACTIVE, PASSIVE

  • 92

    This theory suggests that som people may actually initiate the confrontation that eventually leads to their injury or death

    VICTIM PRECIPITSTION THEORY

  • 93

    It occurs when victims act provocatively, use threats or figjting words or even attack first

    ACTIVE PRECIPITATION

  • 94

    It occurs when the victim exhibits some personal characteristics that unknowingly wither threatens or encourages the attacker

    PASSIVE PRECIPITATION

  • 95

    This may also occur when the victim belongs to a group whose mere presence threatens the attacker's reputation, status, or economic well-being

    PASSIVE PRECIPITATION

  • 96

    Victim Precipitation Theory was fist propunded by ____, and it alludes to the criminally provocative, collusive or casual impact of the victim in a dyadic relation

    MENDELSOHN

  • 97

    Is any behavior that violates social norms and is usually of sufgicieny severity oto warrant disapproval from the majority of society

    DEVIANCE

  • 98

    Deviance can is only be a criminal act

    FALSE

  • 99

    This theory states that greater exposure to dangerous places makes an individual more likely to become the victim of a crime

    DEVAINT PLACE THEORY

  • 100

    Sociologist, _______ discusses the social and economic inequality that finds more minorities in the victim seat, since minorities are more commonly from low income households that are unable to move away from crime-ridde areas than their Caucasion peers are (1990)

    WILLIAM JULIUS WILSON

    • CLAW J 2

    CLAW J 2

    Allysah Marie Ares · 80問 · 2年前

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    CLAW J 2

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    CLAWJ 2

    CLAWJ 2

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    CLAW J 2

    CLAW J 2

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    CLAWJ 3

    CLAWJ 3

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    33問 • 2年前
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    FOREN : Light

    FOREN : Light

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    FOREN : Light

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    FOREN : Light (2)

    FOREN : Light (2)

    Allysah Marie Ares · 25問 · 2年前

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    FOREN : Light (2)

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    CDINV

    CDINV

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    CDINV

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    CDINV (2)

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    GEC 7

    GEC 7

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    GEC 7

    GEC 7

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    CLAW J3

    CLAW J3

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    CLAW J3

    CLAW J3

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    CDINV (3)

    CDINV (3)

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    CDINV (3)

    CDINV (3)

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    CDINV (chapter3)

    CDINV (chapter3)

    Allysah Marie Ares · 86問 · 2年前

    CDINV (chapter3)

    CDINV (chapter3)

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    CAMERA

    CAMERA

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    CAMERA

    CAMERA

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    FOREN LENS

    FOREN LENS

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    FOREN LENS

    FOREN LENS

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    CDINV

    CDINV

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    CDINV

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    FOREN

    FOREN

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    FOREN

    FOREN

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    CFLM (lesson 1-3)

    CFLM (lesson 1-3)

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    CFLM (lesson 1-3)

    CFLM (lesson 1-3)

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    CRIMC 3

    CRIMC 3

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    CRIMC 3

    CRIMC 3

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    CFLM (lesson 4)

    CFLM (lesson 4)

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    CFLM (lesson 4)

    CFLM (lesson 4)

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    CRIMC3

    CRIMC3

    Allysah Marie Ares · 52問 · 1年前

    CRIMC3

    CRIMC3

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    FOREN 2 (people ver)

    FOREN 2 (people ver)

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    FOREN 2 (people ver)

    FOREN 2 (people ver)

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    FOREN 2 (historical accounts of FP ver)

    FOREN 2 (historical accounts of FP ver)

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    FOREN 2 (historical accounts of FP ver)

    FOREN 2 (historical accounts of FP ver)

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    FOREN 2 (early publications)

    FOREN 2 (early publications)

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    FOREN 2 (early publications)

    FOREN 2 (early publications)

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    FOREN (PNP-AFIS)

    FOREN (PNP-AFIS)

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    FOREN (PNP-AFIS)

    FOREN (PNP-AFIS)

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    CRIMC 3 (Module 3: types of abnormal behavior)

    CRIMC 3 (Module 3: types of abnormal behavior)

    Allysah Marie Ares · 77問 · 1年前

    CRIMC 3 (Module 3: types of abnormal behavior)

    CRIMC 3 (Module 3: types of abnormal behavior)

    77問 • 1年前
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    FOREN

    FOREN

    Allysah Marie Ares · 37問 · 1年前

    FOREN

    FOREN

    37問 • 1年前
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    PE: Lesson 1

    PE: Lesson 1

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    PE: Lesson 1

    PE: Lesson 1

    24問 • 1年前
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    PE: Lesson 2

    PE: Lesson 2

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    PE: Lesson 2

    PE: Lesson 2

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    FOREN: Odontology

    FOREN: Odontology

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    FOREN: Odontology

    FOREN: Odontology

    59問 • 1年前
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    FOREN: Athropology

    FOREN: Athropology

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    FOREN: Athropology

    FOREN: Athropology

    18問 • 1年前
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    CRIMC: Module 1

    CRIMC: Module 1

    Allysah Marie Ares · 53問 · 1年前

    CRIMC: Module 1

    CRIMC: Module 1

    53問 • 1年前
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    CRIMC: Module 1.1

    CRIMC: Module 1.1

    Allysah Marie Ares · 52問 · 1年前

    CRIMC: Module 1.1

    CRIMC: Module 1.1

    52問 • 1年前
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    CRIMC: Module 2

    CRIMC: Module 2

    Allysah Marie Ares · 30問 · 1年前

    CRIMC: Module 2

    CRIMC: Module 2

    30問 • 1年前
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    CRIMC: Module 3.1

    CRIMC: Module 3.1

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    CRIMC: Module 3.1

    CRIMC: Module 3.1

    80問 • 1年前
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    CRIMC: Module 3.2

    CRIMC: Module 3.2

    Allysah Marie Ares · 20問 · 1年前

    CRIMC: Module 3.2

    CRIMC: Module 3.2

    20問 • 1年前
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    CDINV: Chapter 1

    CDINV: Chapter 1

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    CDINV: Chapter 1

    CDINV: Chapter 1

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    CDINV: Chapter 2

    CDINV: Chapter 2

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    CDINV: Chapter 2

    CDINV: Chapter 2

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    CDINV 2

    CDINV 2

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    CDINV 2

    CDINV 2

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    CRIMC: Module 4

    CRIMC: Module 4

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    CRIMC: Module 4

    CRIMC: Module 4

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    FOREN (finals)

    FOREN (finals)

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    FOREN (finals)

    FOREN (finals)

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    FOREN (finals) part 2

    FOREN (finals) part 2

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    FOREN (finals) part 2

    FOREN (finals) part 2

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    foren: friction skin

    foren: friction skin

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    foren: friction skin

    foren: friction skin

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    FOREN part 3

    FOREN part 3

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    FOREN part 3

    FOREN part 3

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    CFLM: Lesson 1-3

    CFLM: Lesson 1-3

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    CFLM: Lesson 1-3

    CFLM: Lesson 1-3

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    CFLM: Lesson 4

    CFLM: Lesson 4

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    CFLM: Lesson 4

    CFLM: Lesson 4

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    CFLM: Lesson 5-6

    CFLM: Lesson 5-6

    Allysah Marie Ares · 24問 · 1年前

    CFLM: Lesson 5-6

    CFLM: Lesson 5-6

    24問 • 1年前
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    CDINV: Lesson 2

    CDINV: Lesson 2

    Allysah Marie Ares · 65問 · 1年前

    CDINV: Lesson 2

    CDINV: Lesson 2

    65問 • 1年前
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    CRIMC: Module 5

    CRIMC: Module 5

    Allysah Marie Ares · 100問 · 1年前

    CRIMC: Module 5

    CRIMC: Module 5

    100問 • 1年前
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    CRIMC: (forda last quiz?)

    CRIMC: (forda last quiz?)

    Allysah Marie Ares · 31問 · 1年前

    CRIMC: (forda last quiz?)

    CRIMC: (forda last quiz?)

    31問 • 1年前
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    FOREN: Module 4

    FOREN: Module 4

    Allysah Marie Ares · 16問 · 1年前

    FOREN: Module 4

    FOREN: Module 4

    16問 • 1年前
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    FOREN: Module 5 (Lesson 1)

    FOREN: Module 5 (Lesson 1)

    Allysah Marie Ares · 31問 · 1年前

    FOREN: Module 5 (Lesson 1)

    FOREN: Module 5 (Lesson 1)

    31問 • 1年前
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    FOREN: Module 5 (Lesson 2)

    FOREN: Module 5 (Lesson 2)

    Allysah Marie Ares · 76問 · 1年前

    FOREN: Module 5 (Lesson 2)

    FOREN: Module 5 (Lesson 2)

    76問 • 1年前
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    Meeting 03

    Meeting 03

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    Meeting 03

    Meeting 03

    12問 • 1年前
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    module 1

    module 1

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    module 1

    module 1

    67問 • 1年前
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    問題一覧

  • 1

    Is the scientific study of the psychological effects of crime and the relationship between victims and offender

    VICTIMOLOGY

  • 2

    study the ways in which the behavior of crime victims may have led to or contributed to their victimization

    VICTIMOLOGY

  • 3

    Studies victims of crimes and other forms of human rights violations that are not necessarily crime

    VICTIMOLOGY

  • 4

    Is the scientific study of victimizationbincluding the relationships between victims and offenders, the interactions between victims and the criminal justice system and the connections between victims and other societal groups institutuons, such as the media, businesses and social movement

    VICTIMOLOGY

  • 5

    Victimology encompasses the study of

    victimization, victim-offender relationship, victim-CJS relationship, victims and the media, victims and the costs of crime, victims and social movements

  • 6

    Uses the study of victimology and theories of victimology to determine why the victm was targeted by the offender

    LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES

  • 7

    Refers to any person, group, or entity who has suffered injury or loss due to illegal activity

    CRIME VICTIM, physical, psychological, economic

  • 8

    He is an aggressor, assailant, criminal evil doer, felon etc. who has committed the crime against the victim

    PERPETRATOR

  • 9

    The scientific study of victimology can be traced back to ??

    1940's and 1950's

  • 10

    Two criminologists that began to explore the field of victimology by creating typologies. And are considered fathers of the study of victimology

    HANS VON HENTIG, BENJAMIN MEDLSOHN

  • 11

    Was the first to coin the term 'Victimology' in 1940

    MENDELSOHN

  • 12

    Interviewed victims to obtain information, and his analysis led him to believe that most victims had an 'unconscious aptitude fo being victimized'

    MENDELSOHN

  • 13

    Mendelsohn first typology, the _____, portrayed as just being in the wrong place at the wrong time

    INNOCENT

  • 14

    Hentig studied victims of homicide, said that the most likely type of victim is ______. It is an easy target, careless, and unsuspecting

    DEPRESSIVE TYPE

  • 15

    The type that is easily duped because of his/her motovation for easy gain lowers his or her natural tendency to be suspicious

    GREEDY TYPE

  • 16

    Particularly vulnerable to stresses that occur in a given period of time in the life cycle, such as juvenile victkms

    WANTON TYOE

  • 17

    Is the victim of an attack from the target of his/her abuse, suvh as with battered women

    TORMENTOR TYPE

  • 18

    Scientific study of victims and focuses on helping victims heal after a crime.

    VICTIMOLOGY

  • 19

    aims to understand the criminal's motives and the underlying cause of crims

    CRIMINOLOGY

  • 20

    Are concerned with fostering recovery

    VICTIMOLOGIST

  • 21

    Lppk at every conceivable aspect of deviant behavior. This includes the impacts of crime, on individual victims and their families z society atarge, and even criminals themselves according to the balance

    CRIMINOLOGIST

  • 22

    Study elements like the frequency, location,bcauses and types of crime, then work to develop 'efective and humane means of preventing it

    CRIMINOLOGIST

  • 23

    focus on a range of victim-related issues, including estimating the extent of different types of cictimizatiin and examining victims's rights within legal system

    VICTIMOLOGIST

  • 24

    refers to the state, quality, or fact of being a victim

    VICTIMITY

  • 25

    Refers to a prdon who victimizes others

    VICTIMIZER

  • 26

    it is the outcome of deliberate action taken by a person or institution to exploit, oppress, or harm another , or to destroy or illegally obtain another's property possession

    VICTIMIZATION

  • 27

    Victimization has two meanings

    An act that exploits or harm another, Adversity resulting from being made a victim

  • 28

    Victimization is more likely at night around

    6:00 pm - 6:00 am

  • 29

    Isore comon durong the day, with kore serious crime occuring at night

    PERSONAL LARCENCY

  • 30

    Crime occurs more in home or close areas, although rapes and simple assaults tend to occur in public areas

    FALSE

  • 31

    Western areas have the highest crime rates, while Northern rural areas have the lowest

    TRUE

  • 32

    National Crme Survey indicates _____ of US households have atleast one individual who was victimized in some way during the past year

    25%

  • 33

    About ____ of American will be victim of personal theft at some time in their lives

    99%

  • 34

    ____% will be a theft victim three or more times

    87%

  • 35

    Women are twice as likely as men to be victms of robbery and assault.

    FALSE

  • 36

    Victim risk diminishes rapidly after age of ____

    25

  • 37

    Victim risk diminishes rapidly after age of ____

    25

  • 38

    Contrary to popular belief, Grandchildren are more safer than their Grandfather

    FALSE

  • 39

    Unmarried/never married people are more likely to be victims than the married or widowed

    TRUE

  • 40

    Poor are more likely victims of _____

    VIOLENT CRIME

  • 41

    Middle class are more likely victims of ______

    PROPERTY CRIME

  • 42

    About ___% of crime is intra racial

    75%

  • 43

    Strangers commit ____% of violent crimes

    60%

  • 44

    Females are unlikely to know their assailants

    FALSE

  • 45

    The characteristics of those most likely to be victimized might be summarized as

    young, black, urban, poor, male

  • 46

    Theories of Victimization

    Early Criminologist, Theories of Victimization, Refinement and Empirical Test of Opportunity Theories of Victimization, Moving Beyond Opportunity Theory

  • 47

    This generation scholarly work in victimology proposed victim tupologies base on the offender victim dyad in a criminal act.

    EARLY VICTIMOLOGIST

  • 48

    He developed a typology of victims based on the degree to which victims contributed to causing the criminal act.

    HANS VON HENTIG

  • 49

    He classified 13 categories depending on their propensity or risk for victimization

    HANS VON HENTIG

  • 50

    His notion that victims contributed to their victimization through their actions and behaiors led to the development of the concept of "victim blaming"

    VON HENTIG

  • 51

    An attorney, has often been referred ro as the Father of Victimology

    BENJAMIN MENDELSOHN

  • 52

    He surveyed both parties during the course of preparing a case for trial. and developed 6 category typology of victims based on legal consideration of the degree of a victim's culpabiliy

    BENJAMIN MENDELSOHN

  • 53

    His classification ranged from completely innocent to the imaginary victim

    BENJAMIN MENDELSOHN

  • 54

    The first empirical evidence to support the notion that victms are to some degree responsible for their own victimization was presented by

    MARVIN E. WOLFGANG

  • 55

    He analyzed Philadelphia's police homicide records from 1948 through 1942.

    MARVIN E. WOLFGANG

  • 56

    He reported that 26% homicides resulted from victim precipitation

    MARVIN E. WOLFGANG

  • 57

    Wolfgang identified theee factors common to victim-precipitated homicides

    (memorize)

  • 58

    He classifies victim on the basis of their "finctional responsibility" Victims' dual role was to function so that they did not provoke others to harm them while also preventing such acts

    STEPHEN SCHAFER

  • 59

    The seven-category range from no victim responsibility to some degree of victim responsibility to total victim responsibility

    STEPHEN SCHAFER

  • 60

    7 years later he undertook one of the first studies of rape

    MENACHEM AMIR

  • 61

    He reported that 19% of all forcible rapes were victim precipitated by such favtors as the use of alcohol by both parties

    MENACHEM AMIR

  • 62

    This generation of theorist shifted attention from the role of the victim toward an emphasis on a situational approach that focuses on explaining and testing how lifestyle and routine activities of everyday life create opportunities for victimization

    THEORIES OF VICTIMIZATION

  • 63

    Mendelsohn types of Victims (typology)

    Innocent, Victim with only minor guilt, Victim who is just as guilty as the offender, Victim guiltier than the offender, The most guilty victim, The imaginary victim

  • 64

    Portrayed as just being in the wrong place at the wrong time

    INNOCENT

  • 65

    was victimized due to ignorance

    VICTIM WITH ONLY MINOR GUILT

  • 66

    Voluntary victim. Suicide case is common to this category

    Victim who is just as guilty as the offender

  • 67

    described as contaning persons who provoked the criminal or actively induced their own victimization

    The victim guiltier than the offender

  • 68

    Who is guilty alone

    The most guilty victim

  • 69

    An attacker killed by a would-be victim in the act of defending themselves is an example of this

    The most guilty victim

  • 70

    A victim suffering from mental disorders or those victims with extreme mental abnormalities

    The imaginary victim

  • 71

    They noticed that certain groups of people namely, young people and males, were more likely to be criminally victimized

    HINDELANG GOTTFREDSON, GAROFALO

  • 72

    They theorized that an individual's demographics (e.g., sex, age) tended to influence one's lifestyle

    HINDELANG GOTTFREDSON, GARORALO

  • 73

    According to them, one's sex carries with it certain role expectations and societal constraints; it is how idividual reacts to these influences that determine one's lifestyle

    HINDELANG, GAROFALO

  • 74

    In this Theory, if females spend more time at home, they would exposed to fewer risky situations involvinh strangers and hence experience fewer stranger-committed victimization

    LIFESTYLE EXPOSURE THEORY

  • 75

    Explains why young persons are more likely to be victimized than older people, because the young are more likely to hang out with other youth, who commit a dispropriate amount of violent and property crimes

    PRINCIPLE OF HOMOGAMY

  • 76

    Argued that lifestyles that ecpose people at large of would-be offenders increase one's risk of being victimized

    HINDELAND et al.

  • 77

    They formulated routine activities theory to explain in aggregate direct-contacg predatory(e.g., murder, forcible rape, burglary) crime rate is the US from 1947 through 1974

    COHEN AND FELSON

  • 78

    Posits that the convergence in tjme and space of a motivated offender, a suitable target, and the absence of capable guardian provide an opportunity for crimes to occur

    ROUTINE ACTIVITIES THEORY

  • 79

    Does nkt attempt to explain participation in crime but instead focuses on how opportunities for crimes are related to the nature of patterns of routine social interaction, including one's work, family, and leisure acitivities

    ROUTINE ACTIVITIES THEORY

  • 80

    The Supply of motivated offenders is taken as a given

    ROUTINE ACTIVITIES THEORY

  • 81

    Over the years, ideas about victim precipitation have come to be perceived as a negative thing; it is called ______

    VICTIM BLAMING

  • 82

    Theories of Victimization

    Luckenbill's Situated Transaction Model, Benjamin & Master's Threedold Model, Lawrence Cohen & Marcus Felson's Routine Activities Theory

  • 83

    Von Hentig's Classes of Victim

    Young, Female, Old, Mentally Defective, Immigrant, Minorities

  • 84

    This one is commonly found in the sociology of deviance textbooks. The idea is that the interpersonal level, crime and victimization is a contest of character

    LUCKENBILL'S SITUATED TRANSACTION MODEL

  • 85

    This one is found in a variety of criminological studies, from prison riots to strain theories

    BENJAMIN & MASTER'S THREEFOLD MODEL

  • 86

    Benjamin & Master's Threefold Model has classified into 3 categories

    Precipitating Factors, Attracting Factors, Predisposing Factors

  • 87

    This one is quite popular among victimologist today who are anxiouw to test the thoery.

    Lawrence Cohen & Marcus Felson's Routine Activites Theory

  • 88

    3 conditions to Cohen and Felson's RATheory

    Suitable Targets, Motivated Offenders, Absence of Guardians

  • 89

    Victim Precipitation Theory was first Promulgated by?

    VON HENTIG (1941)

  • 90

    This theory applies only to violent victimization. Its basic premise is that by acting in a certain provocative ways, soem individuals initiate a chain of events tha lead to their victimization

    VICTIM PRECIPITATION THEORY

  • 91

    Victim precipitation can be either

    ACTIVE, PASSIVE

  • 92

    This theory suggests that som people may actually initiate the confrontation that eventually leads to their injury or death

    VICTIM PRECIPITSTION THEORY

  • 93

    It occurs when victims act provocatively, use threats or figjting words or even attack first

    ACTIVE PRECIPITATION

  • 94

    It occurs when the victim exhibits some personal characteristics that unknowingly wither threatens or encourages the attacker

    PASSIVE PRECIPITATION

  • 95

    This may also occur when the victim belongs to a group whose mere presence threatens the attacker's reputation, status, or economic well-being

    PASSIVE PRECIPITATION

  • 96

    Victim Precipitation Theory was fist propunded by ____, and it alludes to the criminally provocative, collusive or casual impact of the victim in a dyadic relation

    MENDELSOHN

  • 97

    Is any behavior that violates social norms and is usually of sufgicieny severity oto warrant disapproval from the majority of society

    DEVIANCE

  • 98

    Deviance can is only be a criminal act

    FALSE

  • 99

    This theory states that greater exposure to dangerous places makes an individual more likely to become the victim of a crime

    DEVAINT PLACE THEORY

  • 100

    Sociologist, _______ discusses the social and economic inequality that finds more minorities in the victim seat, since minorities are more commonly from low income households that are unable to move away from crime-ridde areas than their Caucasion peers are (1990)

    WILLIAM JULIUS WILSON