Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, exocytosis, Osmosis – water diffusion, for example, water reabsorption in the renal tubules, Active transport – for example, reabsorption of salts in the renal tubules

Phagocytosis represents the transportation of solid material by means of endocytosis, The release of neurotransmitters from the neuron presynaptic vesicles is achieved by exocytosis, Oxygen permeation of the erythrocyte membrane is achieved by diffusion

It is the place where certain cellular metabolic processes take place, It contains specialised structures called organelles (endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, etc), Several cellular functions are carried out in the cytoplasmic organelles

A functional structure located in the cytoplasm, playing a role in Ca2+ depositing, A complex of membranes which extend into the cytoplasm, Of two types, smooth (site of lipid and membrane synthesis) and rough (with attached ribosomes)

Is involved in protein synthesis (achieved by amino acid assembling in the attached ribosomes), Is an organelle consisting in a complex of membranes, which extend into the cytoplasm and have ribosomes attached in some of their areas

They contain enzymes which play a role in the cell digestion processes, They contain enzymes which degrade the nutrient particles inside a cell and offers the final products to the cell, They are vesicles which derive from the sacs of Golgi apparatus and contain enzymes for intracellular digestion

Kinetochore, chromosome, Nucleolus, chromatin

These organelles are the site of carbohydrate and lipid breakdown resulting in energy production, Inside the mitochondria, cellular respiration is complete when oxygen combines with hydrogen and electrons and form water, They are cellular organelles involved in the cell’s energy processes

Intermediate filaments and microfilaments, Fibres, filaments and combined molecules, Microtubules and microfilaments

The flagellum is a part of the spermatozoa ensuring its movement, The cilia are shorter structures than the flagella, The cilia are present in the respiratory tract cells where they undulate synchronously

The nucleus delimited by the membrane is present in eukaryote cells, The nucleus is present in all the cells of the human body, with the exception of red blood cells (erythrocytes), The dense mass of the nucleus containing RNA (ribonucleic acid) is called nucleolus, During the interphase period, when chromosomes cannot be distinguished from one another, the dispersed DNA mass and its associated proteins from the cell nucleus are called chromatin

The shape and size of the nucleus differs from a cell type to another, It is surrounded by a double membrane called nuclear membrane, Includes nucleoli, which contain ribonucleic acid (RNA)

As it consists of two layers of phospholipids, it contains twice the quantity of phospholipids compared to the cellular membrane, It is a double porous membrane, It controls the passage of substances between nucleus and cytoplasm

It consists of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and proteins, The non-spiral structure of chromosomes is called chromatin, The dispersed DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and histone mass forms chromatin

In the gastrointestinal tract, cells divide often, The cell cycle has two important phases: the interphase and mitosis, The cell cycle is a repeating series of events including cellular growth and reproduction, The contents of the nucleus is directly involved in cell reproduction

The cell does not divide, but DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) replication takes place, Specific cell activity take place ( g., secretion of substances in glandular cells), Cell chromosomes are present as non-spiral chromatin

It is one of the two phases of a cell cycle, together with the interphase, It is the phase of the cell cycle in which the cell’s nuclear DNA is divided between the two daughter cells

Phase S – interphase – DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) replication, Phase G1 – protein synthesis – non-spiral chromatin, Phase G1 – enzyme synthesis – non-spiral chromatin

Contain the genetic information required for protein synthesis, Contain DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) but do not contain RNA (ribonucleic acid), Store genetic information

Cytokinesis – takes place after the telophase, Mitosis and cytokinesis – replacement of old and deteriorated cells by forming new cells, Cellular cleavage – strangulation of the cytoplasm by the cell membrane resulting in the formation of daughter cells

They are organic compounds, used as structural material in the cells of the body, They are present in the structure of microtubules and microfilaments, They are specialised molecules which are exported by cells in order to be used in various extracellular activities

They represent linear units where DNA is organized inside the cell nucleus, They contain functional segments called genes, Each chromosome consists of millions of units called nucleosomes, Chromosome condensation results from the supra-spiralling of nucleosomes

With a few exceptions, the name of the enzymes ends in the suffix „-ase”, At high temperatures, enzyme reactions are much faster, The heat excess may trigger changes in an enzyme’s protein structure and its alteration

When it eliminates its terminal phosphate group, it releases an energy equivalent to 7.3 kcal/mol, It serves as an energy source during muscle contraction, In the muscle fibre, it must be constantly regenerated from ADP and phosphate groups