Two distinct areas, cortical and medullary, A deep area, the renal medulla, represented by the renal pyramids, An external area, called cortex, containing renal glomeruli, parts of the nephron tubules and blood vessels

It contains the renal glomeruli and Bowman’s capsule, the afferent and the efferent arteriole and parts of the nephron tubules, It does not contain the loop of Henle, It is situated at the periphery of the kidney and sends projections to the renal medulla

The glomerulus, a capillary network resulting from the branching of the afferent arteriole, The glomerulus, capillary network which join together forming the efferent arteriole, The proximal convoluted tubule and the distal convoluted tubule

The afferent arteriole takes blood from the renal artery to the glomerulus, The afferent, microscopic, arterioles form the glomerular capillary network, The efferent arterioles form the peritubular capillary network, The peritubular capillaries drain into small veins which join together to form eventually the renal vein

Is represented by the passage of fluid from blood plasma into the glomerular capsule through submicroscopic apertures, It pushes water and small plasma molecules out of the glomerular capillaries and into Bowman’s capsule

In the proximal convoluted tubule, By active transport (with ATP uptake)

Glomerular filtrate from the proximal convoluted tubule enters the descending branch of the loop (after the selective reabsorption in the proximal tubule), Na+ and Cl- pass into the medullary interstitium in the ascending branch, where the fluid in the tubule flows

No water reabsorption takes place in it (or only very small amounts), It enables sodium and chloride ion reabsorption, It ascends from the medulla back to the cortex

The selective reabsorption of ions by active transport, The reabsorption of water under the influence of ADH, Secretion of certain medicines and certain hormones

Takes place in the nephron tubules (especially in the distal convoluted tubule) and in the collecting ducts, Is an active process which transports chemical compounds from the bloodstream into the tubular fluid, Transports certain chemical compounds from the peritubular capillaries into the tubular fluid

The glomerulus and the glomerular capsule are responsible with filtering blood plasma, Glucose and amino acid reabsorption takes place in the proximal tubules, The secretion of certain medicines takes place in the distal tubules, Sodium is reabsorbed by active transport in the ascending branch of the loop of Henle