Chapter 3 (komplett)

50問 • 1年前

問題一覧

Choose the correct statement(s) referring to senses:

They include the sense of touch, balance and vision, Sense organs have highly specialised receptors, They are tightly associated both functionally and structurally with the nervous system

In short, the following associations between sense organs and their anatomical location are true:

The olfactory mucosa – superior in the nasal cavity, Taste buds – the dorsal part of the tongue, The vestibular system – internal ear

In short, the following associations between sense organs and the nature of the stimulus are false:

The auditory apparatus – mechanical stimuli (luminous energy), The olfactory mucosa – chemical stimuli (vibrations)

The skin contains the following receptors of the sense of touch and related senses:

Free nerve endings (for pain), Meissner corpuscles (for light pressures), Pacinian corpuscles (for strong pressures and vibrations)

Different stimuli are received as follows:

Molecules of odorous substances – by the cilia of the olfactory cells, Pain – by the free nerve endings in the skin, Light stimuli – by the receptor cells in the retina

Choose the correct statement(s) from below:

The sense of smell is also called olfactory, The sense of taste is not associated with canals and receptors located in the cochlea, The receptors which detect stimuli are specialised structures

It is true that:

The temporal lobe contains areas which control visual and auditory memory, The occipital lobe contains areas which control contralateral vision, The cerebral hemispheres contain neurons which interpret the impulses received from the sense organs

As a sense organ, the eye:

Contains receptors which detect light stimuli (photoreceptors), Receives light from the surrounding environment and forms an image in the retinal nerve receptors, Sends the image to the brain under the form of nerve impulses

The following statement(s) is/are true about the eye as the organ of vision:

It is stimulated by the light coming from the surrounding environment, Its receptors belong to the class of photoreceptors, The nervous impulses generated by light stimuli are interpreted in the brain

Select the correct statement(s) referring to the eyeball:

It is an approximately spheroidal structure with an anterior part protruding outside the sphere, It has a wall consisting of three layers (coats), Its longitudinal diameter is longer than the transversal one

The accessory structures of the eye are:

Eyebrows and lashes which protect the pupil from foreign bodies, Lacrimal glands whose secretion washes the eyeball and maintains it wet, The conjunctiva which lines the internal part of the eyelids

The following statement(s) is/are true referring to the compartments of the eye:

The anterior compartment has two regions: the anterior chamber and the posterior chamber, The anterior chamber of the anterior compartment contains the aqueous humour

The following statements are true referring to the external wall of the eyeball:

It is resistant and fibrous, It contains the cornea and sclera

Choose the true statements referring to the iris:

It is a component of the eyeball’s middle layer, It controls the quantity of light that passes through the pupil, It belongs to the eyeball’s middle layer together with the choroid and the ciliary body

Choose the true statements referring to the choroid:

It belongs to the eyeball’s middle layer together with the iris and ciliary body, It contains the blood vessels of the eye structures, It does not belong to the eyeball’s external layer

Choose the true statement(s) referring to the iris:

It contains pigments which define eye colour, It controls the amount of light passing through the pupil, It consists of two layers of smooth muscle

Choose the false statement(s) referring to the aqueous humour:

It is a fluid which fills exclusively the anterior chamber of the eyeball, It is a gelatinous substance situated in the posterior chamber of the eyeball, It maintains the retina attached to the choroid

The following statement(s) is/are true about the crystalline:

It belongs to the refractory structures of the eye, It consists of a concentric protein fibrous material, It is transparent and elastic, It is the main structure responsible for image focalising

The following statement(s) is/are true about the retina:

It is a part of the eye’s internal layer, It consists of two layers, external – pigmented, and internal – consisting of nerve tissue, It detects light and forms the images that will be sent to the encephalon

The following are structural elements of the retina:

Bipolar neurons which receive nerve impulses, Multipolar neurons which form the third layer of the retina proper, Cone cells, about 6 – 7 million

Choose the correct statement(s) referring to the receptor cells of the retina:

They are receptor neurons, Rod cells play a role in detecting the contour of objects, Cone cells are concentrated in the central fovea

The cone cells of the retina:

Are receptor neurons, Are concentrated in the central fovea, Are responsible for day vision and for perceiving details and colours

A light ray follows the following trajectory in the eye:

Cornea – aqueous humour – pupil – crystalline – vitreous humour – focusing on the retina

Nerve impulses in the retina are carried:

Initially, through the optic nerve, then through the optic tract, to the cerebral visual cortex, To the cerebral visual cortex, where they are interpreted

Choose the correct statement(s) referring to taste:

It is also called gustation, Its receptors are situated in the taste buds, The receptors of the taste buds detect chemical substances after they have been dissolved

The taste buds:

Are located at the basis of the taste papillae, Contain receptor gustatory cells and supporting cells, Have sensory nerve fibres which send impulses to the encephalon

Choose the correct statement(s) referring to primary tastes:

They include the tastes of sweet and bitter, The taste umami (savouriness) is connected to glutamate, The taste bitter is perceived mainly at the back of the tongue

The receptors for the perception of the 5 primary tastes are located as follows:

For umami – near the pharynx, For sweetness – mainly at the tip of the tongue, For bitterness – at the back of the tongue

The primary tastes include:

Sour, bitter, umami, Sour, bitter, sweet, Sweet, salty, umami

Which of the following statements represent common characteristics of the olfactory and taste analysers:

They are senses which require a contact between specific receptors and the molecules of the substances which are to be detected, Their receptors are specific chemoreceptors belonging to exteroceptors

Choose the correct statement(s) referring to the sense of smell:

It has specialised receptors (olfactory cells), It requires the contact between receptors and the molecules of the substances which are to be detected, It is also called olfactory sense

Choose the correct statement(s) about the olfactory receptors:

They are specialised olfactory cells, They are chemoreceptors which suffer from olfactory fatigue, They are cells having olfactory cilia and a single nucleus

Choose the correct associations:

Free nerve endings in the skin – exteroceptors - pain, Pacinian corpuscles – skin – strong pressure and vibrations, Merkel discs – skin – tactile stimuli

Choose the correct statement(s) referring to the sense of touch:

It is related to the senses of pressure, pain and vibration, Its receptors are represented by the free nerve endings in the skin, Together with its related senses, it uses receptors located in muscles and joints

The following statement(s) is/are true about pressure and vibration (related to the sense of touch):

Light pressures and vibrations on the skin are not detected by Meissner corpuscles, Strong pressure to the skin is detected by the Pacinian corpuscles, The impulses gathered by the pressure and vibration receptors are sent to the encephalon, where they are interpreted

The following are components of the external ear:

The external auditory orifice representing the entrance to the external auditory canal, The auricle, The external auditory canal which transmits sound vibrations

The following statement(s) is/are true referring to the Eustachian tube:

It extends between the pharynx and the middle ear, It helps maintain equal pressure on both sides of the tympanum

Choose the wrong associations from below:

Stapes – incus – in contact with the round window, Cochlea – cubic shape – middle ear - perilymph, External auditory canal – external ear – generation of sound vibration

Select the true statement(s) referring to the external ear:

It is delimited from the middle ear by the tympanic membrane, It consists of the auricle and the external auditory canal

Choose the true statement(s) referring to the Eustachian tube:

It is a duct that ensures an equal pressure on both sides of the tympanum, It connects the middle ear to the lateral wall of the nasopharynx, It is accessible to microorganisms from the nasopharynx

The following statements are true referring to the bony labyrinth:

It contains perilymph which surrounds the membranous labyrinth, It is located in the inner ear and houses the cochlea, the vestibule and the semicircular canals, It contains the membranous labyrinth

Choose the correct statement(s) referring to the membranous semicircular canals:

They are a part of the membranous labyrinth, Each is connected to the utricle, located superior to the saccule, The utricle and semicircular canals are associated to the sense of balance, At the junction with the utricle, each canal has a dilated part called ampulla

Sound waves are characterised by:

Intensity, which varies according to the amplitude of the sound wave, Timbre (quality) of sound, which depends on tone harmonic, Frequency, consisting of the number of air vibrations per unit of time

Choose the correct statement(s) from below:

The intensity of sound is expressed in decibels, Sound waves are mechanical waves, Sound waves, through their energy, produce the vibration of the tympanum

The following structures are involved in the hearing process:

The tympanum, which vibrates under the action of sound waves coming through the external auditory canal, The oval window, which is in contact with the stapes, The temporal lobes in the cerebral hemispheres where sounds are interpreted

Choose the correct statement(s) referring to the sense of balance:

It derives from the activity of the inner ear, which contains a series of canals crossing the temporal bone, In the utricle, saccule and the semicircular canals, there are structures which detect dynamic and static balance, The vestibular branch of nerve VIII sends to the encephalon the impulses from the ampulla and the macula

The following structures are associated with the sense of balance:

The utricle and saccule which contain endolymph, similar to the interstitial fluid, Ciliary sensory cells in the semicircular canal ampullae, Ciliary sensory cells and the membrane with small calcium carbonate fragments (otoliths) in the maculae of the utricle and saccule

Choose the true statement(s) referring to the receptors of the vestibular apparatus:

They are mechanoreceptors situated in the inner ear, They are groups of ciliary sensory cells located in the ampullae of the semicircular (membranous) canals (ducts), They are located in small structures (maculae) in the utricle and saccule

The following statement(s) is/are true referring to the fragments of calcium carbonate:

They are also called otoliths and have an inorganic structure, They belong to the membrane which covers the ciliary cells in the utricular and saccular maculae, Otoliths change their position and influence the ciliary cells of the macula due to the pressure caused by changing the position of the head

Choose the correct statement(s) which characterise static and dynamic balance:

The semicircular canals, through the ampullae, perceive the changes in the position of the head which help maintaining the body’s dynamic balance, The utricle and saccule, through their macular receptors, are responsible for the nerve impulses which contribute to maintaining posture, The receptors in the semicircular canals (ducts) transmit to the encephalon along the vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Chapter 1 (komplett)

X · 50問 · 1年前

Chapter 1 (komplett)

50問 • 1年前

Chapter 1 (A)