Chapter 4 (komplett)

50問 • 1年前

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Choose the correct statement(s) referring to the skeletal system:

It includes all the organs in the body (solid and resistant organs), It includes all the bones of the body and their connecting joints, It is a system of organs which support locomotion and movement

Choose the correct statement(s) referring to bones and joints:

The skeleton is made up of bones connected to each other by joints, Long bones consist of epiphysis and diaphysis, The skeleton supports the body and facilitates locomotion

Choose the correct statement(s) referring to the location of bones:

The axial skeleton consists of the thoracic cavity (rib cage), the spinal column and the bones of the head, The skeleton of the limbs includes the corresponding girdles which connect the limb to the axial skeleton, The pectoral girdle connects the upper limb to the trunk

According to their shape, bones can be:

Long bones, such as the femur, the humerus and the tibia, Flat bones, such as the scapula, the sternum and the cranial bones, Short bones, such as the carpal and the tarsal bones

The following bones are short bones:

The bones of the wrist (carpal bones), The bones of the tarsus (tarsal bones)

Choose the correct statement(s) referring to the bone system:

Blood cells are formed in the red bone marrow from the spongy bones, Collagen makes bones flexible, while hydroxyapatite makes them hard, The medullary cavity represents the bone’s central cavity

Choose the correct statement(s) referring to the function of bones:

Movement is carried out together with the skeletal muscles, Their support function provides support to the body, They ensure protection for vital organs (lungs)

The following statement(s) is/are true referring to the red bone marrow:

It has a role in haematopoiesis, It can be found in the spongy bones, It has a role in the production of red blood cells, leukocytes and platelets

Irregular bones include:

The patellae and wormian bones, The vertebrae

Select the flat bones from below:

Some of the cranial bones (the parietal), The pelvic bones, The scapula (the shoulder blade)

Choose the correct statement(s) about bones:

Long bones have a diaphysis delimited at each end by an epiphysis, Wormian bones are the irregular bones of the cranial sutures, Cranial bones, the bones of the vertebral column and of the thoracic cavity form together the axial skeleton

The compact bone tissue:

Is a component of the diaphysis of long bones

According to shape, bones can be classified into:

Flat bones (shoulder blades), Irregular bones (sesamoid), Short bones (tarsals)

It is true that long bones:

Belong to the skeleton of the limbs, Have a diaphysis or shaft, Have two epiphyses and a diaphysis

The following statement(s) is/are true about the bone tissue:

In order to carry out their functions, bones must be hard and rigid, Bone flexibility is the ability of a bone to bend to a certain degree, Short bones include the tarsals and carpals

Choose the false statement(s) from below:

The axial skeleton includes all the bones of the body with the exception of the long bones of the limbs, The bones of the tarsus belong to the lower limb, The vertebrae belong to the flat bones

Choose the correct associations between the shape of the bone and its location in the skeleton:

Vertebra – irregular bone – vertebral column, Patella – knee joint – irregular sesamoid bone

Choose the correct statement(s) referring to the functions of the bones in the body:

Protection – the bones of the skull protect the delicate tissues of the encephalon, Protection – the sternum together with the ribs contribute to the protection of certain organs in the thorax, Support – bones serve as points for the attachment of skeletal muscles

Choose the correct statement(s) from below:

The red bone marrow is the site where blood cells are created, The diaphysis and epiphysis are not components of the scapula and of the vertebrae, The periosteum covers the diaphysis of long bones

Choose the true statement(s) referring to the periosteum

It is a connective tissue which partially covers a long bone, The periosteum is absent from the articular surfaces of a long bone, It covers the long, straight part of certain bones such as the femur or the humerus

Which elements are part of the histological structure of the long human bone?

Compact bone, spongy bone, endosteum, periosteum, A diaphysis, two epiphyses, two metaphyses, Spongy bone in the epiphyses, compact bone in the diaphyses, articular cartilage at the epiphyseal extremities

The diaphysis and the epiphysis are components of:

Humerus, femur, ulna

Choose the correct statement(s) referring to the histological structure of the bone:

The compact bone has concentric rings organised in systems called osteons, The osteon has perforating canals which connect the central canals to the bone canals, The concentric bone lamellae contain lacunae which contain osteocytes

Choose the correct statement(s) referring to the histological structure of the bone:

The osteon has a central canal which contains nerves and blood capillaries, The haversian system is a characteristic of the compact bone

The following is true about the osteon:

The osteon’s central canal contains blood vessels (blood capillaries) and nerves, It contains concentric rings (bone lamellae) surrounding each central canal, It is separated from neighbouring osteons by areas containing interstitial lamellae

Bone cells are:

Bone-forming cells – osteoblasts, resorbing cells - osteoclasts, Trapped in the bone tissue which they secrete - osteocytes, Osteocytes in the areas called lacunae

Choose the true statement(s) referring to the spongy bone tissue:

The epiphysis of a long bone contains spongy tissue inside, Flat bones consist of spongy tissue inside, in the central region, It contains interconnected bony lamellae called trabeculae (plates)

Choose the true statement(s) referring to bone formation:

It is the result of a process called ossification, Isteoblasts are the main bone-forming cells, There are two types of bone formation: intramembranous for flat bones and endochondral for long bones

The activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts is influenced by:

Parathormone (which stimulates osteoclast activity), Calcitonin (which rapidly increases bone calcium deposits), Sexual hormones (can affect osteoblast and osteoclast activity balance)

The perforating canals connect the central canals in the:

Compact bone, Osteon

Choose the correct statement(s) referring to bone formation:

Osteoblasts secrete the bone matrix which will contain collagen, Osteoclasts dissolve the bone and provide the body with phosphate and calcium

Choose the correct statement(s) referring to ossification:

There are two types of ossification: intramembranous and endochondral, Intramembranous ossification takes place in the flat bones of the skull, The ossification process starts approximately in the sixth week of embryonic development

Choose the true statement(s) from below referring to the histological structure of the bone:

The compact bone contains a number of cells and interconnected canals called haversian canals, The spongy bone contains a lattice-like network of trabecullae, Trabecullae are lattice-like bone structures which form the spongy bone

Choose the correct associations:

Hydroxyapatite – crystalline structure – bone hardness, High calcium intake – physical activity – prevention of osteoporosis, Physical activity – mechanical stress – bone formation by osteoblasts

The following statements are false:

Osteoclasts are formative cells, osteoblasts are resorptive cells, Sexual hormones cannot influence the activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, Bone remodelling takes places only in the sixth week of embryonic development

The following statement(s) is/are true referring to the function of bones:

The bone deposits calcium and phosphates, During bone remodelling, bones provide the body with calcium and phosphates, Bones provide insertion points for the skeletal muscles

Choose the correct statement(s) referring to the composition of bones:

CaCO3 is found in the composition of hydroxyapatite, Protein collagen fibres are responsible for bone flexibility, Ca3(PO4)2 is an important component of hydroxyapatite

Immobile or semi mobile joints include:

Syndesmosis between the diaphyses of the radius and the ulna, Synarthrosis (the suture between the frontal bone and the two parietal bones), Gomphosis (where the tooth is anchored into the alveolus)

Diarthroses:

Are also called synovial joints, Consist of two bone ends contained in the synovial cavity, Allow free movement

Choose the correct type(s) of diarthroses:

Pivotal (which ensure the movement of rotation), Spheroidal (allow the greatest diversity of movements of all joints), Condyloid (ellipsoid), Saddle (allow the same movements as condyloid joints but have a greater freedom)

Choose the correct associations from below:

Hinge movement - trochlear joint, Sliding – plane joint, Movement in two perpendicular planes – ellipsoid joint

Synarthrosis is a joint found:

Between the diaphyses of the radius and the ulna, where it’s called syndesmosis, Between the flat bones of the skull, where it’s called suture, Between the parietal bones, where it’s called suture

The following statement(s) is/are true about the knee joint:

It has a fibrous capsule and a synovial membrane, being a synovial joint, It has two semilunar cartilaginous discs (menisci), It joins the femur to the tibia

The following statement(s) referring to joins is/are true:

The term joint refers to the connexion between two or more bones, One of their classification criteria is the range of movement they allow

The following statement(s) is/are true referring to a spheroid joint:

It is formed by joining a round bone end with a concave surface, It allows the greatest diversity and freedom of movement of all joint types, It includes the shoulder joint where the head of the humerus fits into the glenoid cavity

A synovial joint contains the following elements:

Fibrous capsule, Synovial cavity, Synovial membrane

The following statement(s) is/are true referring to the movements in a synovial joint:

Flexion/extension are the movements of decreasing/increasing the angle between two bones of a joint, In the knee joint, flexion means bending the joint and extension means straightening it, Adduction/abduction are the movements of pulling a part towards/away from the midline of the body

Choose the true statements from below:

Abduction is the pulling of a limb away from the midline of the body, In supine position, the palm lies in anatomical position facing forward, Raising the shoulders (shrugging) is an example of elevation

Choose the correct statement(s) referring to the joints of the lower limb:

The joint between the femur and the acetabulum is an example of spheroidal joint, The pubic symphysis is an amphiarthrosis, also found in the bony pelvis, Menisci have a semilunar shape and there are two of them for each knee

Choose the correct statement(s) referring to the joints of the upper limb:

Interphalangeal joints are a type of trochlear diarthrosis, A saddle diarthrosis is formed between the first metacarpal and the trapezium

Chapter 1 (komplett)

X · 50問 · 1年前

Chapter 1 (komplett)

50問 • 1年前

Chapter 1 (A)