Chapter 4 (B)

25問 • 1年前

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Bone cells are:

Bone-forming cells – osteoblasts, resorbing cells - osteoclasts, Trapped in the bone tissue which they secrete - osteocytes, Osteocytes in the areas called lacunae

Choose the true statement(s) referring to the spongy bone tissue:

The epiphysis of a long bone contains spongy tissue inside, Flat bones consist of spongy tissue inside, in the central region, It contains interconnected bony lamellae called trabeculae (plates)

Choose the true statement(s) referring to bone formation:

It is the result of a process called ossification, Isteoblasts are the main bone-forming cells, There are two types of bone formation: intramembranous for flat bones and endochondral for long bones

The activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts is influenced by:

Parathormone (which stimulates osteoclast activity), Calcitonin (which rapidly increases bone calcium deposits), Sexual hormones (can affect osteoblast and osteoclast activity balance)

The perforating canals connect the central canals in the:

Compact bone, Osteon

Choose the correct statement(s) referring to bone formation:

Osteoblasts secrete the bone matrix which will contain collagen, Osteoclasts dissolve the bone and provide the body with phosphate and calcium

Choose the correct statement(s) referring to ossification:

There are two types of ossification: intramembranous and endochondral, Intramembranous ossification takes place in the flat bones of the skull, The ossification process starts approximately in the sixth week of embryonic development

Choose the true statement(s) from below referring to the histological structure of the bone:

The compact bone contains a number of cells and interconnected canals called haversian canals, The spongy bone contains a lattice-like network of trabecullae, Trabecullae are lattice-like bone structures which form the spongy bone

Choose the correct associations:

Hydroxyapatite – crystalline structure – bone hardness, High calcium intake – physical activity – prevention of osteoporosis, Physical activity – mechanical stress – bone formation by osteoblasts

The following statements are false:

Osteoclasts are formative cells, osteoblasts are resorptive cells, Sexual hormones cannot influence the activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, Bone remodelling takes places only in the sixth week of embryonic development

The following statement(s) is/are true referring to the function of bones:

The bone deposits calcium and phosphates, During bone remodelling, bones provide the body with calcium and phosphates, Bones provide insertion points for the skeletal muscles

Choose the correct statement(s) referring to the composition of bones:

CaCO3 is found in the composition of hydroxyapatite, Protein collagen fibres are responsible for bone flexibility, Ca3(PO4)2 is an important component of hydroxyapatite

Immobile or semi mobile joints include:

Syndesmosis between the diaphyses of the radius and the ulna, Synarthrosis (the suture between the frontal bone and the two parietal bones), Gomphosis (where the tooth is anchored into the alveolus)

Diarthroses:

Are also called synovial joints, Consist of two bone ends contained in the synovial cavity, Allow free movement

Choose the correct type(s) of diarthroses:

Pivotal (which ensure the movement of rotation), Spheroidal (allow the greatest diversity of movements of all joints), Condyloid (ellipsoid), Saddle (allow the same movements as condyloid joints but have a greater freedom)

Choose the correct associations from below:

Hinge movement - trochlear joint, Sliding – plane joint, Movement in two perpendicular planes – ellipsoid joint

Synarthrosis is a joint found:

Between the diaphyses of the radius and the ulna, where it’s called syndesmosis, Between the flat bones of the skull, where it’s called suture, Between the parietal bones, where it’s called suture

The following statement(s) is/are true about the knee joint:

It has a fibrous capsule and a synovial membrane, being a synovial joint, It has two semilunar cartilaginous discs (menisci), It joins the femur to the tibia

The following statement(s) referring to joins is/are true:

The term joint refers to the connexion between two or more bones, One of their classification criteria is the range of movement they allow

The following statement(s) is/are true referring to a spheroid joint:

It is formed by joining a round bone end with a concave surface, It allows the greatest diversity and freedom of movement of all joint types, It includes the shoulder joint where the head of the humerus fits into the glenoid cavity

A synovial joint contains the following elements:

Fibrous capsule, Synovial cavity, Synovial membrane

The following statement(s) is/are true referring to the movements in a synovial joint:

Flexion/extension are the movements of decreasing/increasing the angle between two bones of a joint, In the knee joint, flexion means bending the joint and extension means straightening it, Adduction/abduction are the movements of pulling a part towards/away from the midline of the body

Choose the true statements from below:

Abduction is the pulling of a limb away from the midline of the body, In supine position, the palm lies in anatomical position facing forward, Raising the shoulders (shrugging) is an example of elevation

Choose the correct statement(s) referring to the joints of the lower limb:

The joint between the femur and the acetabulum is an example of spheroidal joint, The pubic symphysis is an amphiarthrosis, also found in the bony pelvis, Menisci have a semilunar shape and there are two of them for each knee

Choose the correct statement(s) referring to the joints of the upper limb:

Interphalangeal joints are a type of trochlear diarthrosis, A saddle diarthrosis is formed between the first metacarpal and the trapezium

Chapter 1 (komplett)

X · 50問 · 1年前

Chapter 1 (komplett)

50問 • 1年前

Chapter 1 (A)