Speech and Theatre Arts

60問 • 1年前

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• People need _________ each day of their lives. People use (keyword) to confirm or verify something that they know, to predict what may happen, and to develop or maintain personal relationships. • It is important in everyday tasks such as finding the route to one’s school or workplace in the morning, answering one’s homework, or getting the right ingredients and procedure for a recipe. • Information is also required to generate new information, acquire a skill, craft or change policies, make decisions, and solve problems.

Information

The ability to speak with confidence and competence provides empowerment. To be empowered is to have the r________, i____________, a______, and s___ that will allow a person to be an effective speaker to achieve a desired goal.

resources, informations, attitudes, skills

An ________________ intends to educate the audience on a particular subject. It gives information to others to enhance understanding or knowledge of the concepts and ideas presented.

Informative Speech

When an informative speech is given, the speaker d_____, i________, or e__________ on a topic. Information that is useful or interesting is shared with the audience. Achieve the following goals: 1. Speaking to Enhance Understanding 2. Speaking to Ignite and Maintain Interest 3. Speaking to be Remembered

defines, illustrates, elaborates

Understanding occurs when a listener accurately interprets the intended meaning of a message.

Speaking to Understand

Getting the attention and maintaining the interest of the audience is necessary for them to focus on and understand the message.

Speaking to Ignite and Maintain Interest

Speaker does not only present information that is understandable but also memorable an informative speech becomes effective when the audience can digest the ideas and concepts as well as retain these, long after the speech was given.

Speaking to be Remembered

An INFORMATIVE SPEECH informs the audience. There are many ways of informing an audience about a certain topic. The main types of informative speeches include:

Explanatory, Descriptive, Definition, Demonstrative

• Makes a topic or a subject clear through concrete illustrations and examples. • A speaker who delivers an ___________ speech may make use of visual aids that will make the presentation clear and the data more condensed and easily retainable for the audience.

Explanatory Speech

A _________ speech creates a vivid picture in the audience’s mind regarding a person, an object, an event, a place, or an animal.

Descriptive

• A _________ speech gives and clarifies the meaning, theory, or philosophy of a specific topic. • It also involves presenting the essential qualities of a particular object or concept that may set it apart from similar objects or concepts.

Definition

• Like most informative speeches, a how-to speech will likely use presentation aids that show the audience the procedure to enrich what is being said by the speaker. • Visualizations help the audience remember what each step looks like, increasing the likelihood that they will retain the overall information of the speech.

Demonstrative

Speaking with Clarity

It means expressing ideas so that the audience accurately understands the intended message.The speaker should give careful thought to how the listeners will be helped to understand the message rather than flinging information at listeners and hoping some of it sticks.

Audiences can comprehend only so much information.If you present too much information, your listeners won’t understand all of the details.

DON’T PRESENT TOO MUCH INFORMATION TOO QUICKLY

• When the ideas or processes shared by the speaker are complex, the audience will need more than definitions to be presented. • An analogy or a vivid description may help demystify complex concepts or processes. An analogy is a comparison of two things that share common characteristics.

UNLOCK UNFAMILIAR IDEAS OR COMPLEX PROCESSES

Are invaluable to a speaker These are tools that help communicate ideas more effectively than words alone can. They aid in communicating the organization of ideas, gaining, maintaining, and illustrating a sequence of events or procedures.

USE PRESENTATION AIDS

One cannot assume that the audience will be interested in what the speaker has to say. One will need to find creative ways to get the listeners to pay attention. When the audience is interested in the speech, they are more likely to learn the information that is shared with them.

Ignite Interest

Good stories with interesting characters and riveting plots have fascinated listeners for millennia, the words "once upon a time” are usually sure-fire attention-getters. A good story includes conflict, incorporates action, creates suspense, and may also include humor.

Tell a Story

• Giving a human face to a topic helps the audience perceive it as an interesting concept and abstract ideas are also made tangible and concrete when these are shown to happen in real life. • It is important to note that the speaker should let the audience know when an example is hypothetical to avoid betrayal of the audience’s trust, which is unethical.

PERSONALIZE CONTENT.

Draw attention to a subject or point, but the speaker has to make sure that it is relevant and in good taste. When the audience laughs and enjoys the speech, they are more likely to listen and pay attention until the speaker finishes the talk the probability that they will remember what has been presented is also higher compared to a speech delivered seriously. It is shown to improve cognitive function and memory as well as make the speaker more likable and approachable.

INJECT HUMOR

People listen to speeches when the information is relevant or useful to them. The speaker should be able to adapt the message to the people who will be in the audience an interesting hook will grab the attention of the listeners, but relevant information will sustain their interest and attention for the whole duration of the speech.

PRESENT RELEVANT INFORMATION

• A speaker can keep the audience engaged by adding a few twists or novel interpretations to make a boring but important message interesting. • By creating mystery or suspense, the speaker will be able to maintain the attention of the audience. One technique is to engage them in solving a riddle, a mystery, or a problem.

Use Suspense

A speech to persuade seeks to change or reinforce listeners’ attitudes, beliefs, values, or behavior. Ads on TV, radio, and the Internet; sermons; political speeches; and sales presentations are examples of messages designed to persuade. These speakers may offer information, but they use the information to try to change or reinforce an audience’s convictions and often to urge some sort of action.

Persuasive Speech

Persuasive speakers __ more than ______; they ask listeners to respond to the information shared. Audience analysis is then crucial to achieving the speaking goal. It is imperative to understand the listeners’ behavior, beliefs, attitudes, and values to advocate a particular view or position successfully.

do, teach

___________ is the process of changing or reinforcing beliefs, attitudes, behavior, or values. Note that when trying to persuade someone, one may not necessarily try to change someone’s behavior or point of view but, instead, aim to reinforce it.

Persuasion

Enumerate the Three Types of Persuasive Speech.

Factual, Value, Policy

It is based on and is backed by strong evidence it attempts to persuade the audience to believe whether something happened or not and whether something exists or not.

Factual

A type of speech that tells whether something falsity of is right or wrong, beautiful or ugly, moral or immoral, good or bad. It questions the ethical and moral aspects of a particular topic or defines the truth assertion.

Value

It is used to convince the audience to either accept or reject a certain policy, candidate, or rule. It argues the nature of the problem and the solution that should be taken.

Policy

__________, a Greek philosopher and rhetorician, who lived and wrote in the ______ century B.C.E., was the source of many ideas about communication in general and persuasion in particular. When the goal is to persuade, the communicator selects _________ (words and nonverbal messages, including images and music) to change attitudes, beliefs, values, or behavior.

Aristotle, fourth, symbols

Enumerate the Three General Methods to Persuade that was Identified by Aristotle. In any order

Ethos, Logos, Pathos

An effective communicator presents credible information. Aristotle believed that to be credible, a public speaker should be ethical, possess good character, have common sense, and be concerned for the well-being of the audience. One of the means or methods of persuasion is for the speaker to present information that can be trusted and to be believable and trustworthy.

Ethos

Literally means, “the word.” Aristotle used this term to refer to the rational, logical arguments that a speaker uses to persuade someone. A skilled persuader not only reaches a logical conclusion but also supports the message with evidence and reasoning.

Logos

Aristotle used the term "______" to refer to the use of appeals to emotion. People sometimes hold attitudes, beliefs, and values that are not logical but that simply make them feel positive. Likewise, they sometimes do things or buy things to make themselves feel happy, powerful, or energized.

Pathos

The ELM stands for?

Elaboration Likelihood Model

It is a simple idea that explains how people are persuaded to think or do something. Instead of prescribing how to craft a persuasive message from the standpoint of the speaker, ______ theory suggests how members of the audience interpret messages of persuasion. To elaborate on this theory this means that the listener or the audience thinks about the i____ , i_________, and i_______ related to the content of the message delivered. Elaborating on a message involves critically evaluating what is heard by paying special attention to the evidence and the arguments the speaker is using.

ELM, ideas, informations, issues

The theory suggests that there are two ways a listener can be persuaded:

The Direct or Central Persuation Route, The Indirect or Peripheral Persuation Route

When listeners elaborate on a message, they will likely be persuaded by the arguments, logic, evidence, and reasoning presented to them. Facts a carefully conside

Direct or Central Persuation Route

• If the listeners do not elaborate or do not use critical thinking skills while listening, they simply draw on an overall impression of what the speaker says and how the speaker says it. • The indirect route is a more intuitive process.

Indirect or Peripheral Persuation Route

The Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) by ___________________.

Petty and Cacioppo

Fill in the blanks

Persuasive Message, Elaboration, Peripheral, High Level, Low Level, Argument, Persuation Cues

An _____________ speech is designed to captivate an audience’s attention and amuse or regale them while delivering a message. Similar to traditional informative or persuasive speeches, entertainment speeches communicate a clear message, but the manner of speaking used in an entertainment speech is typically different. • It is a speech that presents a message through the creative, organized use of the speaker’s wit. What differentiates this from an informative or persuasive speech is the ___________________.

entertainment, amusement value

_______ is the Greek term rhetoricians use to describe the circumstances surrounding or the occasion for a speech.

Kairos

If the occasion brings people together to celebrate, thank, or praise someone, or to mourn, a speech given on that occasion is known as a ceremonial, or _______ speech.

epideictic

Eight Types of Ceremonial Speeches include:

Introductions, Nominations, Toasts, Keynote Addresses, Award Presentations, Acceptances, Eulogies, Commencement Addresses

A speaker, delivering the speech of ________ provides information to the audience about the main speaker. The ultimate purpose of an introduction is to arouse interest in the speaker and his or her topic.

Introduction

A speech officially names someone as a candidate for an office or a position. It involves noting the occasion and describing the significance and purpose of the office to be filled.

Nomination

Is a short message of congratulations, appreciation, and remembrance that is usually followed by a round of drinks and immediately followed by the raising or clinking together of goblets or glasses.

Toast

Emphasizes the significance of the topic or the purpose of the meeting, motivates the audience to learn more or work harder, and sets the theme and tone for other speakers and events.

Keynote Address

It is similar to an introduction speech. One has to remember that the audience came to see and listen to, is the winner of the award, not the presenter.

Award Presentation

The speaker should talk about the significance and brief history of the award then a description of the achievements that elicited the award. Even when some members of the audience recognize the recipient based on the description, the drama of the actual announcement of the recipient should be saved until the last moment.

Award Presentation

It is necessary in response to a nomination, an award, or an honor presented. It is wise to thank people who contributed to one’s success or achievement and remember to sound grateful but not condescending, modest but not retiring, and humble and not arrogant.

Acceptance

Is a speech given at a memorial service to pay tribute to the deceased. Meaningful eulogies are brief but specific, heartfelt, and thoughtful. The speaker should work on the appropriate tone, and offer only information that the family and friends of the deceased will appreciate and regard as important.

Eulogy

It is a speech delivered at a graduation or ceremony of an educational institution by a graduate, a prominent member of the alumni, a politician, or a celebrity to the graduating class, their families, and guests. (Keyword) speakers suggest bright new goals to the graduates and inspire them to reach for those goals.

Commencement Address

ENUMERATE THE STRATEGIES ON ACHIEVING HUMOR. UHT, POW, (H, U, I), W, N-V S

Use of Humorous Topics, Play on Words, Hyperbole, Understatement, Irony, Wit, Non-Verbal Strategies

Speakers may use inherently funny subjects or humorous treatments of more serious subjects. Audiences almost always enjoy hearing a speaker poke fun at himself or herself. The use of a humorous topic or treatment can help a speaker achieve rapport with the audience and help them remember a speaker's message.

Use of Humorous Topics

■ Intentional errors such as puns, spoonerisms, and malapropisms add spice and flavor to one's speech. ■ Here's an example from Greg Dean: "For Father's Day. I took my father out." "It only took seven shots." "Most people don't get their priest that drunk." "look out." "father." and "shots" all have double meanings. Leading to a string of funny surprises.

Play on Words

The clever use of ________ or exaggeration, ____________ which is a downplaying of a certain fact or event, and verbal _______ that employs the opposite of what the speaker means helps the speaker create humor in a speech.

Hyperbole, Understatement, Irony

One of the most commonly used verbal strategies for achieving humor is the use of ____, usually by relating an event that takes an unforeseen turn at the end. It includes sharp comebacks, dry, one-line Jokes, and clever banter. It implies a swift perception of the incongruous; its effect chiefly depends on ingenuity or the unexpectedness of endings or results.

Wit

Speakers of entertainment speeches often create humor through nonverbal cues such as voice and tone variation, gestures, facial expressions, body movements, and posture.

Non-verbal Strategies

UTS - EXAM

LASIGAS JESSENY WAYNE V. · 47問 · 2年前

UTS - EXAM