Ethics

66問 • 1年前

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WHAT WE ARE CALLED ON TO DO ON EARTH, MUST BE ROOTED ON THE KIND OF BEINGS THAT WE ARE.

Natural Law

EVERY LIVING ORGANISMS HERE ON EARTH HAS THEIR OWN _________, THEIR OWN ROLE SO MAYBE SIMILARLY, THE ANSWER TO THE QUESTION OF WHAT IS RIGHT FOR US TO DO IS SOMEHOW INSCRIBED ALREADY IN OUR VERY _______ AS HUMAN BEINGS, IF WE COULD ONLY UNDERSTAND IT PROPERLY.

calling, nature

IT WAS REPORTED THAT HE WAS INTENDING TO DRAFT A BILL WHICH COULD AMMEND THE COUNTRY'S FAMILY CODE, THEREBY ALLOWING FOR THE LEGALIZATION OF SAME SEX UNIONS.

Pantaleon Alvarez

IN _____________, IT WAS REPORTED THAT HE WAS INTENDING TO DRAFT A BILL WHICH COULD AMMEND THE COUNTRY'S FAMILY CODE, THEREBY ALLOWING FOR THE LEGALIZATION OF SAME SEX UNIONS

OCTOBER 2016

THE DISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGE IS A DECREE BY A COURT THAT A VALID MARRIAGE NO LONGER EXISTS.

Divorce

IS THE TERMINATION OF A PREGNANCY BY REMOVAL OR EXPULSION OF AN EMBRYO OR FETUS.

Abortion

IS AN ITALIAN PRIEST AND AN INFLUENTIAL PHILOSOPHER WHO PROPOSED ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS TAKES ON NATURAL LAW.

Thomas Aquinas

THOMAS AQUINAS

1225-1274

Aquinas spent majority of his years, thinking of how ___ views humans.

God

One of the thoughts that occured to him is that every one should be following the Divine Command of God based on The Bible, but how will humans know what is right and what is wrong if a lot of people doesn't know who God is?

Aquinas

Thomas Aquinas - That is why he theorized that God ____________ us with the ______ knowledge of what is ____ and what is _______.

pre-equipped, natural, right, wrong

Aquinas stated that every human being acts for the sake of pleasing ___.

God

Is a theory in ethics and philosophy that posits the existence of a set of inherent moral principles that govern human behavior. These principles are believed to be discoverable through reason and are considered to be universal and immutable.

Natural law

Enumerate the Seven(7) Basic Goods of Natural Law Theory

Life, Reproduction, Education, Worship, Social Life, Shun Ignorance, Avoid Offense

HUMANS HAVE THAT NATURAL INCLINATION TO PRESERVE THEIR BEING. AND FOR THIS REASON, AQUINAS TELLS USTHAT IT IS ACCORDING TO THE NATURAL LAW TO PRESERVE HUMAN ____.

Life

AQUINAS SAYS THAT IT IS IN OUR HUMAN NATURE, COMMON WITH OTHER ANIMALS, A DESIRE THAT HAS TO DO WITH SEXUAL INTERCOURSE.

Reproduction

IT IS IN OUR NATURE TO TAKE CARE OF AND _________ ONE'S OFFSPRING.

Education

IT IS VERY NATURAL FOR US, HUMANS, TO SEEK GOD. AQUINAS BELIEVED THAT THERE IS GOING BE A POINT IN OUR LIVES THAT THE URGE OF WANTING TO KNOW GOD MORE IS INTENSE.

Worship/Religion

HUMANS ARE NATURALLY SOCIABLE, YOU CANNOT GET THAT FACT AWAY FROM US. NO MAN IS AN ISLAND, EVERY HUMAN BEINGS HAVE TO ______ IN ORDER TO SURVIVE.

Social Life

IT IS VERY NATURAL FOR HUMAN BEINGS TO BE KNOWLEDGEABLE OF A LOT OF THINGS HUMANS ALWAYS SEEK KNOWLEDGE.

Shun Ignorance/Knowledge

_____________ is a towering figure in ancient Greek philosophy, who made important contributions to logic, criticism, rhetoric, physics, biology, psychology, mathematics, metaphysics, ethics, and politics.

Aristotle

Aristotle was a student of _____ for __ years, but is famous for rejecting Plato's theory of forms.

Plato, 20

______ theory reflects the ancient assumption that humans have a fixed nature - an essence - and that the way we flourish is by adhering to that nature. Aristotle described this in terms of what he called __________________.

Virtue, proper functioning

Everything has a function, and a thing is good to the extent that it fulfills its function, and bad to the extent that it doesn't.

Proper Functioning

Aristotle had a strong influence on ____________, so part of Aristotle's thoughts on virtue ended up in natural law theory.

Aquinas

Aristotle argued that nature has built into us the desire to be _______.

virtuous

Aristotle said that having _______ just means doing the right thing, at the right time, in the right way, in the right amount, toward the right people.

virtue

According to _________, there's no need to be specific, because if you're virtuous, you know what to do. You know how to handle yourself and how to get along with others. You have good judgment, you can read a room, and you know what's right and when

Aristotle

You can think of virtue as the midpoint between two extremes, which Aristotle called _____.

Vices

Virtue is the just - right amount - the sweet spot between the extreme of _______ and the extreme of __________.

excess, deficiency

And this sweet spot is known as the ______________.

Golden Mean

SITUATION: Walking home from a movie, you see a person being mugged. What is the courageous action for you to take? COURAGE: Your impulse might be to say that a courageous person would run over there and stop the mugging, because courage means putting yourself in _______ way for a ______cause, right?

harm's, good

A virtuous person - in the __________ sense - would first take stock of the situation.

Aristotelian

According to Aristotle, _______ is the midpoint between the extremes of cowardice and recklessness.

courage

It is a deficiency of courage.

Cowardice

It is an excess of courage - and both are bad.

Recklessness

A courageous person will ______ the situation, they'll know their own abilities, and they'll take action that is right in the particular situation.

assess

Part of having courage, he argued, is being able to recognize when, rather than stepping in, you need to find an authority who can handle a situation that's too big for you to tackle alone. Basically, courage is finding the ______________.

right way to act

Honesty is the perfect midpoint between brutal honesty and failing to say things that need to be said. The virtue of honesty means knowing what needs to be put out there, and what you should keep quiet about. And it also means knowing how to deliver hard truths gracefully.

True

It avoids the obvious vice of stinginess, but also doesn't give too much.

Generosity

The just right amount of _________ means giving when you have it, to those who need it.

generosity

Aristotle said virtue is a _____, a way of living, and that's something that can really only be learned through experience.

skill

Virtue is a kind of knowledge that he called ____________.

Practical Wisdom

Aristotle said your character is developed through _________.

habituation

If you do a virtuous thing over and over again, eventually it will become part of your character.

Habituation

But the way you know what the right thing to do is in the first place, is by finding someone who already knows, and emulating them. So you learn virtue by ________ it, and then ______ it.

watching, doing

Who founded Utilitarianism?

Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832)

Who popularized the term Utilitarianism?

John Stuart Mill (1806-1873)

An act is good or morally right if it promotes happiness, and bad or immoral if it tends to produce pain.

Utility

Moral

Happiness

Immoral

Pain

Utility -Happiness -A utilitarian would not care whether an action I done out of deception, lie or manipulation as long as it produces maximum benefits to ______ ________.

many people

How soon does the pleasure occur?

PROPINQUITY OR REMOTENESS

How strong is the pleasure?

Intensity

How likely or unlikely that the pleasure will occur?

Certainty or Uncertainty

How long does the pleasure last?

Duration

What is the probability that the action is followed by sensations of the opposite kind?

Purity

The probability that the action will be followed by sensations of the same kind

Fecundity

How many people are affected?

Extent

Happiness is simply the absence of ____. - Jeremy Bentham

pain

JEREMY BENTHAM'S MODEL OF UTILITARIANISM In his book Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (_____) he argued that we are governed by two sovereign masters - _______ and ______.

1789, pleasure, pain

Happiness - Pain =

Balance

It is the basis of the morality of an action sum up all the.

Balance

The basis of _______ is the majority of the people that attains happiness.

morality

It is an algorithm formulated by utilitarian philosopher Jeremy Bentham for calculating the degree or amount of pleasure that a specific action is likely to induce.

Felicific Calculus Formula

UTS - EXAM

LASIGAS JESSENY WAYNE V. · 47問 · 2年前

UTS - EXAM