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46問 • 2年前
  • LASIGAS JESSENY WAYNE V.
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    Multilingualism is a natural phenomenon. According to;

    Cenoz (2013)

  • 2

    The multitude of languages that exist at present

    Language Diversity

  • 3

    There is approximately how many languages worldwide?

    6000 - 7000

  • 4

    It is know to be the only country that is legitimately identified as linguistically homogeneous or monolingual.

    Iceland

  • 5

    The following are the reason, "WHY IS MULTILINGUALISM A COMMON PHENOMENON". Except one;

    "Defining Multilingualism", clearly presented the concept of multilingualism and its inevitability as a phenomenon.

  • 6

    Cenoz (2013) also identified three major factors that have contributed to the visibility of multilingualism:

    Globalization, Transnational mobility of the population, The spread of new technologies

  • 7

    Fill in the blank. "A multilingual individual is anyone who can__________ in more than one language, be it active or passive"

    communicate

  • 8

    FILL IN THE BLANK "Multilingualism is the ability of societies, institutions, groups and individuals to engage, on a regular basis, with more than one language in their __________lives."

    day to day

  • 9

    A very complex that it is important that you get a glimpse of the various dimensions that constitute it.

    Multilingualism

  • 10

    It is known as, "libraries of the intangible heritage of humankind".

    Languages

  • 11

    Reflect an individual and a community's culture, tradition, and identity.

    Language

  • 12

    The influence of it in languages and cultures results in more ideas and creatively for communities to collectively adapt to the changing world and find solutions to new issue that arise.

    Diversity

  • 13

    The significance of ______________was compared with ecological diversity where diversity is directly related to stability, which is important for long-term survival.

    linguistic diversity

  • 14

    It is the right of individuals to use their language with other members of their linguistic group, regardless of the status of their language. Protects the individual and collective right to choose one's languagels for communication both within the private and the public spheres.

    Linguistic Rights

  • 15

    Commits its member nations in its general articles to promoting "universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion.

    The Charter of the United Nation

  • 16

    "everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status."

    Universal Declaration of Human Rights

  • 17

    - is when the speaker chooses what language to use in particular situation in bilingual multilingual communities," who speaks what language to whom and when." -Fishman (1965-cited in At 2000)

    Language Choice

  • 18

    What are you talking about?

    Topic

  • 19

    Who are you talking to talk

    Participants

  • 20

    Where is the talk / encounter taking place?

    Setting

  • 21

    What medium are you using?

    Language

  • 22

    Refers to a new language that develops into situation Where speakers of different  languages need to Communicate but do not share a common language. e.g. Chavacano in the Philippines and Bislama, a language spoken in Vanuatu.

    Pidgin

  • 23

    It is a pidgin that becomes the first language of the children of the mother tongue of a certain Community. e.g. Gullah and the Fatwa, is a creale of Jamaica

    Creole

  • 24

    It is not a language that is not distinct from a national language, but rather a variety of a language spoken in a particular area of a country.. e.g. Cebuano, Waray

    Regional Dialect

  • 25

    Used as a marker of identity, usually alongside a standard variety, by the member of a particular minority ethnic group. e.g. Sinama of the Badjaos in the Philippines.

    Minority Dialect

  • 26

    Mainly as second language in former colonies with multilingual population. e.g. Singlish (Singaporean English)

    Indiginized Varieties

  • 27

    -           It is composed of countries that are ethnolinguistically homogenous. these countries have linguistic minorities but are usually geographically or socially marginalized

    Linguistically Homogenous Countries

  • 28

    -          this covers countries that have five or more ethic group.

    Mosaic Societies or Multiethnic States

  • 29

    -           refers to all beliefs, and management decisions of a community or polity (spolsky, 2004) -           It constitutes an attempt by someone to manipulate the linguistic behavior of some reason. "(Burton 2018, p. 3 in Monje, 2019 p4) for some

    Language Policy

  • 30

    Model OF Language Policy -          According to Spolsky (2001), language policy has three "interrelated", but "interdependent" components: language practices, language beliefs, and language management.

    language practices, language beliefs, language management

  • 31

    A.K.A "ECOLOGY" are the "observable behaviors and choices

    LANGUAGE PRACTICES

  • 32

    Other term for LANGUAGE BELIEFS - are the values designed to the varieties and features: e.g. belief in celebrating Chinese New Year

    IDEOLOGY

  • 33

    -          the explicit and observable effort by someone or some group that has claims to have authority over the participants on the domain to modify their practices or beliefs! -           saying that one language should be said by the authority:

    LANGUAGE MANAGEMENT (Planning)

  • 34

    FOUR LAYERS OF LANGUAGE POLICY

    Legislation and Political Practices, State and Supranational Agencies, Institutions, Classroom Practitioner

  • 35

    -          rooted in historical legacies: colonization, nation-building processes, linguistic acsimilation efforts. -          shape attitudes towards different languages.

    HISTORICAL CONTEXT

  • 36

    Political ideologies, power struggles, electoral dynamics Influence language policy decisions, with government use language as a tool for authority/support.

    Political Dynamics

  • 37

    urbanization, globalization, economic development. -          trade, commerce, international Communication

    Socioeconomic Factors

  • 38

    - preserve, promote, revitalize culture heritage -          language is a marker of group identity and solidarity, shapes interactions and perception of belonging.

    Cultural Identity and Social Dynamics

  • 39

    - is a systematic activity of regulating and Improving existing languages / creating new common regional, national international Languages.

    Joshua A Fishman (1972)

  • 40

    -            As if a language determination refers to choices of languages to be used for specific purposes.

    Kalph W Fasold 1987

  • 41

    -   a deliberate language change. the changes in the system of language code or speaking or both that are planned by organizations that are established for such purpose or given a mandate to fulfill such purpose.

    ROBIN AND JERNUDO, 1971

  • 42

    -          an attempt to change the way in which it is used. -          preventing change to take place. -          body of idea, laws, and regulations (language policy), change rules, believes, practices

    Kaplan and Bardauf, 1997

  • 43

    4 Phases of Language Planning According to Heinar Haugen.

    Selection, Codification, Implementation, Elaboration

  • 44

    One of the Stages under Codification developing writing system.

    Graphization

  • 45

    One of the Stages under Codification deciding on rules / norms of grammar.

    Grammaticalization

  • 46

    One of the Stages under Codification identifying the vocabulary.

    Lexicalization

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    Multilingualism is a natural phenomenon. According to;

    Cenoz (2013)

  • 2

    The multitude of languages that exist at present

    Language Diversity

  • 3

    There is approximately how many languages worldwide?

    6000 - 7000

  • 4

    It is know to be the only country that is legitimately identified as linguistically homogeneous or monolingual.

    Iceland

  • 5

    The following are the reason, "WHY IS MULTILINGUALISM A COMMON PHENOMENON". Except one;

    "Defining Multilingualism", clearly presented the concept of multilingualism and its inevitability as a phenomenon.

  • 6

    Cenoz (2013) also identified three major factors that have contributed to the visibility of multilingualism:

    Globalization, Transnational mobility of the population, The spread of new technologies

  • 7

    Fill in the blank. "A multilingual individual is anyone who can__________ in more than one language, be it active or passive"

    communicate

  • 8

    FILL IN THE BLANK "Multilingualism is the ability of societies, institutions, groups and individuals to engage, on a regular basis, with more than one language in their __________lives."

    day to day

  • 9

    A very complex that it is important that you get a glimpse of the various dimensions that constitute it.

    Multilingualism

  • 10

    It is known as, "libraries of the intangible heritage of humankind".

    Languages

  • 11

    Reflect an individual and a community's culture, tradition, and identity.

    Language

  • 12

    The influence of it in languages and cultures results in more ideas and creatively for communities to collectively adapt to the changing world and find solutions to new issue that arise.

    Diversity

  • 13

    The significance of ______________was compared with ecological diversity where diversity is directly related to stability, which is important for long-term survival.

    linguistic diversity

  • 14

    It is the right of individuals to use their language with other members of their linguistic group, regardless of the status of their language. Protects the individual and collective right to choose one's languagels for communication both within the private and the public spheres.

    Linguistic Rights

  • 15

    Commits its member nations in its general articles to promoting "universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion.

    The Charter of the United Nation

  • 16

    "everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status."

    Universal Declaration of Human Rights

  • 17

    - is when the speaker chooses what language to use in particular situation in bilingual multilingual communities," who speaks what language to whom and when." -Fishman (1965-cited in At 2000)

    Language Choice

  • 18

    What are you talking about?

    Topic

  • 19

    Who are you talking to talk

    Participants

  • 20

    Where is the talk / encounter taking place?

    Setting

  • 21

    What medium are you using?

    Language

  • 22

    Refers to a new language that develops into situation Where speakers of different  languages need to Communicate but do not share a common language. e.g. Chavacano in the Philippines and Bislama, a language spoken in Vanuatu.

    Pidgin

  • 23

    It is a pidgin that becomes the first language of the children of the mother tongue of a certain Community. e.g. Gullah and the Fatwa, is a creale of Jamaica

    Creole

  • 24

    It is not a language that is not distinct from a national language, but rather a variety of a language spoken in a particular area of a country.. e.g. Cebuano, Waray

    Regional Dialect

  • 25

    Used as a marker of identity, usually alongside a standard variety, by the member of a particular minority ethnic group. e.g. Sinama of the Badjaos in the Philippines.

    Minority Dialect

  • 26

    Mainly as second language in former colonies with multilingual population. e.g. Singlish (Singaporean English)

    Indiginized Varieties

  • 27

    -           It is composed of countries that are ethnolinguistically homogenous. these countries have linguistic minorities but are usually geographically or socially marginalized

    Linguistically Homogenous Countries

  • 28

    -          this covers countries that have five or more ethic group.

    Mosaic Societies or Multiethnic States

  • 29

    -           refers to all beliefs, and management decisions of a community or polity (spolsky, 2004) -           It constitutes an attempt by someone to manipulate the linguistic behavior of some reason. "(Burton 2018, p. 3 in Monje, 2019 p4) for some

    Language Policy

  • 30

    Model OF Language Policy -          According to Spolsky (2001), language policy has three "interrelated", but "interdependent" components: language practices, language beliefs, and language management.

    language practices, language beliefs, language management

  • 31

    A.K.A "ECOLOGY" are the "observable behaviors and choices

    LANGUAGE PRACTICES

  • 32

    Other term for LANGUAGE BELIEFS - are the values designed to the varieties and features: e.g. belief in celebrating Chinese New Year

    IDEOLOGY

  • 33

    -          the explicit and observable effort by someone or some group that has claims to have authority over the participants on the domain to modify their practices or beliefs! -           saying that one language should be said by the authority:

    LANGUAGE MANAGEMENT (Planning)

  • 34

    FOUR LAYERS OF LANGUAGE POLICY

    Legislation and Political Practices, State and Supranational Agencies, Institutions, Classroom Practitioner

  • 35

    -          rooted in historical legacies: colonization, nation-building processes, linguistic acsimilation efforts. -          shape attitudes towards different languages.

    HISTORICAL CONTEXT

  • 36

    Political ideologies, power struggles, electoral dynamics Influence language policy decisions, with government use language as a tool for authority/support.

    Political Dynamics

  • 37

    urbanization, globalization, economic development. -          trade, commerce, international Communication

    Socioeconomic Factors

  • 38

    - preserve, promote, revitalize culture heritage -          language is a marker of group identity and solidarity, shapes interactions and perception of belonging.

    Cultural Identity and Social Dynamics

  • 39

    - is a systematic activity of regulating and Improving existing languages / creating new common regional, national international Languages.

    Joshua A Fishman (1972)

  • 40

    -            As if a language determination refers to choices of languages to be used for specific purposes.

    Kalph W Fasold 1987

  • 41

    -   a deliberate language change. the changes in the system of language code or speaking or both that are planned by organizations that are established for such purpose or given a mandate to fulfill such purpose.

    ROBIN AND JERNUDO, 1971

  • 42

    -          an attempt to change the way in which it is used. -          preventing change to take place. -          body of idea, laws, and regulations (language policy), change rules, believes, practices

    Kaplan and Bardauf, 1997

  • 43

    4 Phases of Language Planning According to Heinar Haugen.

    Selection, Codification, Implementation, Elaboration

  • 44

    One of the Stages under Codification developing writing system.

    Graphization

  • 45

    One of the Stages under Codification deciding on rules / norms of grammar.

    Grammaticalization

  • 46

    One of the Stages under Codification identifying the vocabulary.

    Lexicalization