ETHICS

37問 • 1年前

問題一覧

He is the proponent of the Stages of Moral Development

Lawrence Kohlberg's

Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development outlines __ stages hrough which individuals progress in their moral reasoning. This influential framework provides insights into how people make ethical decisions and judgments throughout their lives.

6 stages

When did Kohlberg developed his theory, building on Piaget's work on cognitive development?

1950s

CORE CONCEPT The theory proposes that moral reasoning progresses through six distinct stages in _ levels.

Kohlberg used ___________" to assess individuals' reasoning and categorize their moral development stage.

moral dilemmas

ENUMERATE THE STAGES STAGE 1: STAGE 2: STAGE 3: STAGE 4: STAGE 5: STAGE 6:

Obedience and Punishment Avoidance, Self-Interest and Instrumental Exchange, Conformity and Interpersonal Approval, Law and Order Morality, Social Contract and Individual Rights, Universal Ethical Principles

1. Egocentrism 2. Concrete Thinking

Stage 1

1. Individualism 2. Fairness

Stage 2

1. Social Approval 2. Interpersonal Relationships 3. Conformity

Stage 3

1. Social Order 2. Duty 3. Authority

Stage 4

1. Social Contract 2. Individual Rights 3. Utility

Stage 5

1. Abstract Principles 2. Universal Application 3. Ethical Dilemmas

Stage 6

Children focus on avoiding punishment and pleasing authority figures to avoid negative consequences.

Egocentrism

Rules are absolute, and morality is based on direct consequences rather than intentions.

Concrete Thinking

Children recognize that different individuals have varying interests and perspectives. They pursue their own interests pragmatically.

Individualism

Morality is based on equal exchange. "You scratch my back, I'll scratch yours" mentality emerges.

Fairness

Individuals seek to meet expectations of others and gain approval from their social group.

Social Approval

Morality is based on maintaining good relationships and being a "good" person in others' eyes.

Interpersonal Relationships

People conform to social norms and fulfill socially expected roles to gain acceptance.

Conformity

Individuals recognize the importance of maintaining_____ through laws and regulations.

Social Order

Morality is based on fulfilling one's duties and obligations to society.

Duty

There's a strong respect for _______ and belief in the importance of following rules.

Authority

Laws are viewed as ______________ rather than rigid edicts.

Social Contract

There's a focus on protecting _______ rights and democratic processes.

Individual Rights

Laws and social systems are evaluated based on their overall benefit to society.

Utility

Individuals develop their own abstract ethical principles that transcend specific laws or social rules.

Abstract Principles

These principles are applied universally, regardless of societal norms or personal consequences.

Universal Application

Complex moral reasoning is used to resolve conflicts between competing ethical principles.

Ethical Dilemmas

Limitations and Criticisms of Kohlberg's Theory CB, GB, RS, LS

Cultural Bias, Gender Bias, Rigid Stages, Limited Scope

Implications for Moral Education and Development

Educational Strategies, Developmental Approach, Holistic Development

The theory may reflect Western, individualistic values and not apply universally across cultures.

Cultural Bias

Critics argue that the theory undervalues care-based moral reasming, often associated with women.

Gender Bias

The strict stage model may not accurately reflect the complexity of moral development

Rigid Stages

The theory focuses on moral reasoning, potentially neglecting emotional and social factors in morality.

Limited Scope

Kohlberg s theory suggests using moral dilemmas and discussions to promote moral reasoning development.

Educational Strategy

Moral education should be tailored to an individual's current stage to facilitate progress.

Developmental Approach

Incorporating emotional and social aspects alongside cognitive reasoning can enhance moral development.

Holistic Development

UTS - EXAM

LASIGAS JESSENY WAYNE V. · 47問 · 2年前

UTS - EXAM