Theater comes from the Greek word _________ : which means "_____________." Thus, at its best basic definition, a theater is a location where something is seen.

_________ entails both those who watch and those who are watched the audience and the actors. Britannica.com defines theater as a form of art that is almost entirely concerned with _____ performances, and carefully planned to produce a ______ and meaningful sense of drama.

Theater is also a combination of p______, p_______, i_______, and p______ as well as the result of the Interplag of various elements.

Theater is a collaborative form of art that requires the collaboration of dozens, if not hundreds, of people working on a single production. Hence, one can say that theater is both a p_________ and an a____, a s__________, a b_________, and an o__________ .

The history of theater as an art form spans approximately how many years? a) 100 years b) 500 years c) 1000 years d) 2000 years

The theatrical or performative components are: a) Unique to Western cultures b) Found only in ancient civilizations c) Found in every culture worldwide d) Primarily associated with entertainment

It is common to distinguish between theater as an ________ and as _____________.

Theater, as a cultural expression, reflects the ____________. Stories and themes of performances are based on community life experiences.

Theater performances reflect the ______ cultures of every society. Because people enjoged performing and watching such performances, it did not take long for theatrical performances to evolve into a separate aspect of culture and society.

Where did theater most likely originate? a) Europe b) Asia c) Africa d) South America

The first documented theatrical performances occurred in which region of Africa? a) Southern Africa b) Western Africa c) Eastern Africa d) Northern Africa

What river is mentioned in relation to the earliest documented performances? a) Nile River b) Congo River c) Niger River d) Zambezi River

What time period is cited for the first documented theatrical performances in the text? a) 1000 BC - 500 BC b) 5000 BC - 3300 BC c) 3300 BC - 1000 BC d) 10000 BC - 5000 BC

What kind of evidence is cited to support the existence of performances before 6000 BC? a) Written records from ancient civilizations b) Archaeological artifacts depicting theatrical scenes c) Hundreds of old African tribal group activities d) Oral traditions passed down through generations

What is the term "ritual" most accurately defined as? a) A casual social gathering b) A particular ceremonial observance performed to confer benefits on participants c) A spontaneous expression of emotion d) A form of artistic expression unrelated to religious or cultural practices

What role do rituals play in the human life cycle, as described in the text? a) They have no significant role. b) They help create the yearly calendar and mark rites of passage (birth, death, marriage, coming of age). c) They are primarily associated with religious ceremonies. d) They are only performed during times of crisis.

The text describes rituals as "highly coded occurrences." What does this mean? a) They are easily understood by everyone. b) They are simple and straightforward. c) They have significant symbolic meaning. d) They are performed only in secret.

According to Cohen and Sherman (2017), what is the relationship between ritual and theater? a) Ritual and theater are unrelated. b) Ritual is a modern development in contrast to ancient theater. c) Ritual is a distant ancestor of theater. d) Ritual is a contemporary form of theater.

Which of the following is an example of an ancient ritual mentioned in the text? a) Modern-day celebrations b) Political rallies c) Rain dances and healing rites d) Sporting events

What is the primary purpose of rituals, according to the text? a) To entertain b) To provide symbolic meaning to physical motions and objects c) To promote social unrest d) To discourage community bonding

_____ dances and ______ rites were among the oldest ancient rituals devised to invoke gods and manipulate _______.

S____________ was crucial to the evolution of speech. Not for the sake of embellishing a tale but rather for the sake of creating new adjectives like w__________, b____, and l_____.

Storytelling depends on a ____________: therefore, it is a single point of view. It is more _____________ than a collective ritual performance.

Because of the use of ______________-creating voices and facial expressions that represent the characteristics of the characters and the aim to ________ distinct emotions, storytelling develops character.

This means that storytelling may be considered a ______________ version of drama: all you need is a ____________ and a _________.

____________, an early kind of theater, arose from the combination of ritual and storytelling. It originated from the ________ continent and spread to tribal groups all over the world, where they are being performed even today.

Dance-drama performances were enhanced with a________-a________ stories derived from daily human experience.

In the same broad sense, _________ are humans who take on an animist duty to mediate between spirit and earthly reality. The __ (usually a male in ancient times) may cure Illness, aid hunters, conjure rain. and promote agricultural growth.

___________ can also appear as mediums, taking on the forms of otherworldly spirits, most of which are animals or ________. In most shamanic practices, the shaman operates in a state of trance a higher level of consciousness.

________, ___________, ________, and, most significantly _____________ completely cover the shaman performer, transforming him into a spirit presence. Masks evolved from the euphoric contortion of the face of the shaman during trance and were later considered to symbolize the shaman's distinctive spirit.

During the middle of the ____ millennium B.C.. the city-state of ______ produced _____ of the finest playwrights and the most influential dramatic theorists in the theater's long history.

The_________ B.C. theater of Athens remains one of the finest bodies of dramatic production of all time. The Athenian theater developed the essential genres of tragedy and comedy via a spectacular combination of legend, and myth, social criticism, philosophy. dance, music, poetry, visual magnificence, and audience involvement.

A_________ and other academics believe that Greek tragedy evolved from d_________, ancient orgiastic rites in songs and dances in homage to the deity of fertility and wine, D__________.

While the specific shift from orgiastic festivals to tragic drama is unknown. we do know that by the end of the fifth century B.C.. three great tragedians- ___________, ____________, and ____________ had written and produced over _____ plays. _____ of the world's finest dramatic masterpieces have been handed down to us.

Furthermore, A______________, a renowned playwright of comedy left us with e_____ plays. Greek tragedies examine the religious, social, and psychological meanings of ancient heroes and gods of greek myth and history.

______ was considered to have invented tragedy when he presented the ____ actor in Greek theater. While standing opposite the chorus, the first actor spoke with them. Aeschylus introduced the second actor (called the _____________), through whom the first conversations between the two characters occurred. Sophocles later added a third character (dubbed a __________), resulting in more complex dialogue.

All of the ancient Greek actors were _____. Furthermore, one actor played many parts, utilizing _____ to reflect the characters' age, gender, attitude, and social status.

The actors wore high shoes (called _________), an ornate headpiece (called ______). and a long colorful gown (called _________) over which a tunic (_______) was draped.

He is considered the Father of Greek tragic drama. His tragedy is concerned with the plights, destinies, and choices of people with whom the fate of the state or community is inextricably linked.

He is believed to have written more than 100 plays, however, only seven have survived. This plays usually concentrate on a few people and emphasize their strong characteristics and stubborn natures, which ultimately lead to catastrophe.

He is believed to have written approximately 90 plays, including satirical plays as well as tragedies. His plays depict in grueling detail the devastation of human life as a result of the pressures that the gods appear to put on people on purpose.

More than _______ Roman stage structures have survived to the current day. Roman builders abandoned the Greek hillside ______ and _____________________ favor of designing a theater that surrounded the audience while remaining open to the sky.

Part of the Roman Drama, they also divided the orchestra in half and built tunnel entrances (called _________) on both sides.

The basic Greek skene evolved into an ornate three-story wall (called the _____________) adorned with hundreds of sculptures.

The _______ Introduced the use of ___________ (openings in the stage floor for the ascent and descent of actors).

He is a well-known dramatist whose comedic impact stems from exaggeration, burlesque and frequently harsh humor, fast movement, and a purposely upside-down depiction of reality.

His plays are all about young love and usually have a double storyline. His language achieves perfection in proper expression, lightness, clarity, and elegance.

Her plays, best renowned for their depictions of brutality and terror, were reworkings of Greek tragedies (Euripides, Aeschylus, and Sophocles play).

Medieval Drama in Europe originated with: a) Christmas celebrations b) the celebration of divine resurrection during Easter service c) Midsummer festivals d) All Saints' Day observances

The initial reenactment during Easter service focused on: a) The Last Supper b) The Crucifixion of Jesus c) The visitation of the "Three Marys in the Tomb of Jesus" d) The Ascension of Jesus

The short play reenacting the Easter story was popularly known as:

In Quem Quaeritis, the angel's message to Mary was that:

The Quem Quaeritis play led to the development of: a) Morality plays b) Mystery plays c) Liturgical drama d) Miracle plays

Church-sponsored dramatizations included stories of: a) Greek mythology b) Roman history c) Traditional Judeo-Christian stories of Adam and Eve, the creation of the Universe, and heaven and hell d) Shakespearean tragedies

Miracle plays, also known as __________, depicted the lives of saints.

The individuals who organized the actors in Miracle Plays were called _________.

Miracle plays often featured scenes that were described as:

Which of the following staging methods was sometimes used in Miracle Plays?

Which of the following is NOT an example of a Miracle Play mentioned in the text?

The actors in Miracle Plays were typically:

What type of staging might involve the use of floats in Miracle Plays?

The term "apocryphal" in relation to the saints' lives in Miracle Plays suggests that some stories were:

1. Morality plays primarily focus on:

2. Another term often used to describe morality plays is:

What aspect of a person's life does the morality play Everyman dramatize?

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a morality play?

5. What is a characteristic feature of the main character in a morality play?

The morality play Het esbatement den appelboom translates to:

What is the primary purpose of a morality play?

__________ was the most famous morality play written in about _____, which dramatized the final hours of man before his death.

Morality Plays in Order:

Which of the following playwrights is described as alone among the world’s greatest authors in his ability to create exceptional masterpieces of both comedy and tragedy?

3Besides poetic brilliance, persistent examination of the human condition, and insightful character depictions, what other elements are mentioned as being present in Shakespeare's plays?

Who were three of Shakespeare's most renowned contemporaries, also excellent authors in their own right?.

What is Shakespeare's work well-known for among literary academics?