Fs 2

49問 • 1年前

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The main actor or protagonist is the farmer. His goals/aspirations in life, his skills and capabilities, and his ways of making decisions in a given situation are crucial to the designs and mixtures of commodity and our enterprise in the farm. >>>The farmer & his household is the central features of the farm. >>> The farmer is the "boss".

FS is Farmer-based or Farm Driven

>>This may refer to the farm activities of enterprises components in the farm (crops + livestock + aquaculture).

Farming System is integrative or wholistic in nature

TYPOLOGY OF FARMING SYSTEM

Based on Enterprise Mix(es) Based on the Dominant Crop(s Based on Agro-environment Based on Use of Farm Inputs Based on the central or Unique feature of the farm. Evolving type of Farming System Specialized FS

monocropping or diversified farming (multiple cropping systems)

based on enterprise mixes

form the Major Enterprise (Rice-based, coconut- based, etc)

Based on the Dominant Crop(s)

Recreational or hobby farming FS Agrotourism-oriented FS farm resort & Open farm-farm level marketing

Evolving type of Farming System

Production of high value cutflowers

Specialized FS

generally refers to crop or animals (including fish) production in paddy fields or swampy areas, where there is a continuous or regular availability of water

low land farming system

refers to the growing of crops and/or animals in relatively flat or plain areas where water is not regularly available except through precipitation (rainfall) irrigation.

Upland System Farming

the production of crops/and or animals in areas with slope of more than 18%. In classification of natural resources, these areas are identified as Agroforestry.

Hilly Farming System

- involves the culture of crops and animals in any combination, together with a woody perennial. This includes areas whether flat or sloping.

Agroforestry

this is oftentimes interchange with hilly lands, because of their similar topographic features, but this is concerned more on agricultural areas of higher elevation of at least 800- 1000 m above sea levels. These are characterized with relatively lower temperatures throughout the year.

Highland Farming System

- the practice of growing profitable crops without irrigation in areas

Dry Farming or Dryland Farming System

the cultivation of crops entirely under rainfed condition.

Dry land agriculture

cultivation of crops where annual rainfall is less than 750mm and crop failures due to prolonged dry spell during crop period are most common.

Dry farming

How many intensity of rainfall in dry farming

less than 750mm

- cultivation of crops where annual rainfall is more than 750mm but less than 1150mm. Dry spells may occur, but crop failures are less frequent.

Dry land farming

How many intensity of rainfall in dry land farming

750mm but less than 1150mm

cultivation of crops where annual rainfall is more than 1150mm. There is adequate rainfall and drainage becomes the important problem in rainfed farming.

Rainfed farming -

How many intensity of rainfall in rainfed farming

more than 1150mm

is the practice of producing food and medicine in vertically stacked layers, vertically inclined surfaces and/or integrated in other structures.

Vertical farming

It is a knowledge-based agricultural system that makes use of technology to increase the value and quality of the farm's produce. Found around densely populated urban areas where land is limited and costly. It uses computer technology and automation to manage processes such watering, fertilizing and pest control to ensure high-quantity and high-quality crops.

High Tech Farming

Precision agriculture (PA), satellite farming or site specific crop management (SSCM) is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter and intra-field variability in crops.

Precision Farming

(SSCM) Stand for?

site specific crop management

Types of Farming System according to purpose

According to the Water Supply According to cultivation According to size of farm According to the land, labour and capital investment According to value of the produce and income On the basis of type of ownership:-

- Farming without irrigation is widely referred to as dry farming or rainfed farming. Crops are sown taking into consideration annual rainfall of the region.

Rainfed Farming:

:- Water is applied through external sources in addition to natural sources.

Irrigated Farming

Means crops are grown where rainfall is less than 750 mm is called as dry farming.

Dry farming

: Plant products from non-arable land.

Collective farming

Farmers cultivates the land for growing crops and rearing livestock

Cultivation farming:

Farming is done on a small size of holding, capital and labour risk is small and the scale of production said to be small. i. Intensive cultivation is possible ii. Per unit output is more iii. Loss is less due to natural calamities iv. Farm is easy to manage

Small scale farming:

•: Farming done on large size holding with large amount of capital, large labour force, large organisation and large risk

Large scale farming

Land remains fixed while other factors are increased. Investing a lot of resources and labor into small tracts and land in order to increase yield.

Intensive cultivation:

More area can be brought under cultivation to increase the output. Rely on natural fertility of the soil, small amounts of labor and capital in relation to area of land being cultivated.

Extensive cultivation:

Farm in which 50% or more income of total crop production is derived from a single crop.

Specialized farming

Farm in which no enterprise is contributing to 50% or more income This is growing of different crops in one area and have 50% more income

Diversified farming:

: Combination of crop with rearing of livestock where at least 10% of its gross income must be from livestock activity.

Mixed farming

All agricultural operations are carried out by family members. Management of inputs and farm is also done by the family members

Family Farming

All the members have ownership in the business. They required resources to run the business. The income is distributed according to their share.

Co-operative farming

Farms are used for conducting research or demonstrations by an institution

Institutional farming

:- Farm use to cultivate crops and farm use for business. Land is owned by businessman/capitalist. All the investment is made by capitalist

Capitalistic farming

:- Farming is done by the Government. Farm manager and other staff is appointed for agricultural operations and day to day working

State farming

- Farmers have ownership on the land and farming is done independently.

Personal farming:

: It refers to farming system in North- Eastern areas in which land under vegetation is cleared by slash and burn method. Traditionally, fallow period is 10- 20 years but in recent times it is reduced to 2-5 years

Shifting cultivation

Components of Farming System

1. Crops and cropping system 2. Poultry 3. Piggery 4. Duck 5. Forest trees 6. Apiculture or bee-keeping 7. Dairy 8. Sheep and goat 9. Fish 10. Rabit 11.Sericulture 12.Mushroom.

• Refers to the pattern or arrangement of crops in time and space, as well as the process of growing them.

Cropping system

■ involves the mixture of annual crops with other annuals, annuals with perennials, or perennials with perennials, or perennials with perennials planted in spatial pattern

Polyculture Farming System

The yearly sequence and spatial arrangement of crops or of crops and fallows on a given area.

Cropping Pattern >>>

a method of crop production in which only one crop is grown annually in the same parcel of land or the repetitive growing of the sole crop on the same piece of land.

Sole cropping/Mono-cropping

plant diseases symptoms

Ezekiel Emano · 47問 · 1年前

plant diseases symptoms