Skeletal System is consists of

– form the framework that supports & protects the animal; within the bone is the red bone marrow (hematopoietic - form red blood cells, white blood cells, & clotting cells)

– aid in the movement of the body

– protects the ends of bones where they contact each other; also found in the ear and nose.

is tough, flexible material that pads joints which acts as a cushion between bones at a joint and protects the bones.

Initially animals skeleton is made up of

There are three types of cartilage tissue:

is the most prevalent. E.g. Nasal

withstand repeated bending. E.g. auricle

found menisci of the knee b/n vertebrae

are the sturdy cables, connecting muscles to bones, allowing them to pull and move joints. (Muscle to bone)

are the elastic bands, connecting bone to bone, providing stability and preventing excessive movement. (Bone to bone)

acts as the smooth, shock-absorbing pads at joint surfaces, cushioning bones and enabling smooth gliding.

Composition of Bone:

Glycogen

Inorganic components

makes the bone resilience and tough. collaagen

this made the bone and rigidity to bones and make them resist the passage of x-rays.

It can be weakened and reduce by disuse

Responsible for the rigidity and hardness of bone.

Contribute to flexibility of bone.

are easily identified by their extended longitudinal axis.

refers to extremities of long bone.

cylindrical shaft of long bone situated between epiphysis.

it is layer of hyaline cartilage that separates diaphysis from epiphysis. It is the only area in which bone can increase in length

LONG BONES

 is one that is cube-like in shape, being approximately equal in length, width, and thickness.

is somewhat of a misnomer because, although a flat bone is typically thin, it is also often curved.

FLAT BONES example

Is one that does not have any easily characterized shape and therefore does not fit any other classification. These bones tend to have more complex shapes, like the vertebrae that support the spinal cord and protect it from compressive forces.

IRREGULAR BONES

 is a small, round bone that, as the name suggests, is shaped like a sesame seed. protect tendons by helping them overcome compressive forces.

Sesamoid bone example

Organization of skeletal

Start from skull to tips of the tail

Parts of axial skeleton

bones of limbs

bone found deeply embedded by muscle at visceral organs. E.g. Os penis in the penis of dog

is the part of the skeleton that shapes the head and face. ✔ Provide protection for brain, organs of special sense like sight, hearing and balance, smell and taste.

skull is composed of two groups of bone parts:

What is the bone that surrounds the brain?

What is the bone that Cover the nose, teeth & other related structures

Largest bone of the face and forms the lower jaw

The bone that supports the head and body and protects the spinal cord. Consists of individual bones called vertebra

Vertebrae are organized and named by regions:

neck area; C1 is atlas; C2 is axis

C1 is ? C2 is ?

Vertebrae are organized and named by regions that called chest area

Vertebrae are organized and named by regions that called loin area

Vertebrae are organized and named by regions called sacrum area

Vertebrae are organized and named by regions that called tail area

paired bones that attach to thoracic vertebrae to protect the internal organ like heart lungs and etc.

It is the bone that forms the midline ventral portion of the rib cage

this is a bone that found within the penis of certain mammals. It also present in human