skeletal system

54問 • 1年前

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Skeletal System is consists of

bones joints cartilages.

– form the framework that supports & protects the animal; within the bone is the red bone marrow (hematopoietic - form red blood cells, white blood cells, & clotting cells)

Bones

– aid in the movement of the body

Joints

– protects the ends of bones where they contact each other; also found in the ear and nose.

Cartilage

is tough, flexible material that pads joints which acts as a cushion between bones at a joint and protects the bones.

Cartilage

Initially animals skeleton is made up of

cartilages and fibrous membranes

There are three types of cartilage tissue:

1. Hyaline cartilage: 2. Elastic cartilage: 3. Fibrocartilage:

is the most prevalent. E.g. Nasal

Hyaline cartilage

withstand repeated bending. E.g. auricle

Elastic cartilage:

found menisci of the knee b/n vertebrae

Fibrocartilage

are the sturdy cables, connecting muscles to bones, allowing them to pull and move joints. (Muscle to bone)

Tendons

are the elastic bands, connecting bone to bone, providing stability and preventing excessive movement. (Bone to bone)

Ligaments

acts as the smooth, shock-absorbing pads at joint surfaces, cushioning bones and enabling smooth gliding.

Cartilage

Composition of Bone:

Organic framework Inorganic component

Glycogen

organic framework

Inorganic components

calcium and phosphorous salt

makes the bone resilience and tough. collaagen

Organic framework

this made the bone and rigidity to bones and make them resist the passage of x-rays.

Inorganic Component

It can be weakened and reduce by disuse

atrophy

Responsible for the rigidity and hardness of bone.

inorganic component

Contribute to flexibility of bone.

Organic framework

are easily identified by their extended longitudinal axis.

LONG BONE (Ossa longa)

refers to extremities of long bone.

Epiphysis

cylindrical shaft of long bone situated between epiphysis.

Diaphysis

it is layer of hyaline cartilage that separates diaphysis from epiphysis. It is the only area in which bone can increase in length

Epiphysial cartilage (metaphysis)

LONG BONES

HUMERUS RADIUS METACARPAL ULNA METATARSAL FEMUR FIBULA TIBIA

is one that is cube-like in shape, being approximately equal in length, width, and thickness.

SHORT BONE (Ossa brevia)

is somewhat of a misnomer because, although a flat bone is typically thin, it is also often curved.

FLAT BONE

FLAT BONES example

STERNUM CRANIAL CBONES SCAPULAE RIBS

Is one that does not have any easily characterized shape and therefore does not fit any other classification. These bones tend to have more complex shapes, like the vertebrae that support the spinal cord and protect it from compressive forces.

IRREGULAR BONE

IRREGULAR BONES

VERTEBRAE SACRUM

is a small, round bone that, as the name suggests, is shaped like a sesame seed. protect tendons by helping them overcome compressive forces.

SESAMOID BONE

Sesamoid bone example

patella

Organization of skeletal

Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton Splanchnic or visceral skeleton

Start from skull to tips of the tail

Axial skeleton

Parts of axial skeleton

skull Vertebral column Ribs Sternum

bones of limbs

Appendicular skeleton

bone found deeply embedded by muscle at visceral organs. E.g. Os penis in the penis of dog

Splanchnic or visceral skeleton

is the part of the skeleton that shapes the head and face. ✔ Provide protection for brain, organs of special sense like sight, hearing and balance, smell and taste.

skull

skull is composed of two groups of bone parts:

1. Bones of cranium (Cranial part) 2.Bones of face (Facial part)

What is the bone that surrounds the brain?

Bones of cranium (Cranial part)

What is the bone that Cover the nose, teeth & other related structures

Bones of face (Facial part)

Largest bone of the face and forms the lower jaw

mandible

The bone that supports the head and body and protects the spinal cord. Consists of individual bones called vertebra

Vertebral column

Vertebrae are organized and named by regions:

cervical thoracic lumbar sacral coccygeal and caudal

neck area; C1 is atlas; C2 is axis

Cervical

C1 is ? C2 is ?

atlas axis

Vertebrae are organized and named by regions that called chest area

Thoracic (T)

Vertebrae are organized and named by regions that called loin area

Lumbar (L)

Vertebrae are organized and named by regions called sacrum area

Sacral (S)

Vertebrae are organized and named by regions that called tail area

Coccygeal/caudal

paired bones that attach to thoracic vertebrae to protect the internal organ like heart lungs and etc.

Ribs(costals)

It is the bone that forms the midline ventral portion of the rib cage

Sternum (breastbone)

this is a bone that found within the penis of certain mammals. It also present in human

Baculum (Os penis)

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