, also known as the circulatory system, is a complex network that consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Its primary function is to transport nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and waste throughout the body.

helps in maintaining homeostasis, regulating blood pressure, and facilitating immune responses. It ensures that tissues receive adequate blood supply to meet metabolic demands and helps remove waste products from the body.

The cardiovascular system includes

: A muscular organ that pumps blood through the circulatory system

: These include arteries (which carry blood away from the heart), veins (which return blood to the heart), and capillaries (small vessels where the exchange of substances occurs).

: The fluid that carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, hormones, and waste products.

is a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body in most animals.

Heart is enclosed by a double-walled sac known as the

How many camber ?

The pericardium has two main layers

The outer layer, which is tough and provides protection and anchorage to the heart, preventing it from over- expanding.

The inner layer, which consists of two parts

Serous pericardium consist of two parts what is it ?

. Lines the fibrous

Covers the surface of the heart itself.

Between these two layers which is parietal and visceral layer is the _____________? which contains a small amount of pericardial fluid

This fluid reduces friction as the heart beats, allowing for smooth movement within the pericardial

: Receives deoxygenated blood from the body

: Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.

: Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.

Pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body

collects deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body, including the head, neck, arms, and upper chest

is the largest vein in the body

is a large vein in the body that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body back to the heart. It is one of the two main veins that return blood to the heart. ON

is a vital blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. It is the only artery in the body that carries deoxygenated blood, which is in contrast to most arteries that carry oxygen-rich blood.

are responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium. Oxygenated blood is returned from the lungs after it has undergone gas exchange, where oxygen is absorbed and carbon dioxide is expelled.

is the largest artery in the body, responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body

It is a muscular wall that separates the heart's right and left sides, allowing the heart to pump blood efficiently

: This separates the left and right atria (upper chambers of the heart).

This separates the left and right ventricles (lower chambers of the heart).

ensures that oxygen-rich blood from the lungs does not mix with oxygen-poor blood from the body.

Between the right atrium and the right ventricle. It allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle during diastole (when the heart is relaxed) and prevents backflow of blood into the atrium during systole.

Between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

Between these two layers which is parietal and visceral layer is the _____________? which contains a small amount of pericardial fluid