plant Nutrition 3

72問 • 1年前

問題一覧

no fertilization

Ancient Egyptian

) wrote detailed textbooks on agriculture that described the use of animal manures, green manures and about improvement of soil productivity.

Roman authors (e.g., Cato, Columella, Pliny the Elder

) Ceramicist and hydraulic engineer wrote: "Manure is carried to the field for the purpose of restoring to the latter a part of what had been removed...

Bernard Palissy (1510-1589

two sources of nutrients in the soil:

native added components

- derived from the decomposition of plant residues and soil organic matter

Native

- sourced from the addition of fertilizers and manure

Added components

acts as a bank for plant nutrients

soil

type of soil

sandy loamy clayey

Low in organic matter content and native fertility. Rapidly permeable and do not hold soil moisture.

Sandy

Permit slower movement of water and are better able to retain moisture and nutrients. Are generally more fertile. Contains more organic matter.

loamy

Contains more organic matter. Permit slower movement of water and are better able to retain moisture and nutrients. Are generally more fertile.

Loamy

Higher nutrient-holding capacity. Higher available water-holding capacity.

Clayey

The yield response curves for a particular nutrient are asymptotic; when a supply of one nutrient (or other growth factor) is increased, other nutrients (or growth factors) become limiting factors.

Law of Diminishing Yield Increment states that:

, which means they can produce their own food.

autotrophs

is the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar

Photosynthesis

; where fruits set without fertilization (in some species), may or may not require pollination but most seedless citrus fruits require stimulus from pollination to produce fruit

Parthenocarpy

Pseudo stand for ? gamy stand for?

false fusion

where the embryo develops independently, but pollination is necessary for the fertilisation of endosperm nuclei and formation of germinable seeds

psuedogamy

is the act of transferring pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma.

Pollination

reproductive organ of the plant;

FLOWER

Floral organs that have unique shape and colors to attract pollinators

petals

the axis of a flower to which the other parts are attached

Receptacle

stalk bearing a flower or the main stalk of an inflorescence

Peduncle

Protect the growing bud or flower before it open.

Sepal

stalk bearing a flower or the main stalk of an inflorescence

Peduncle

Support the anther

Filament

Produces pollen

Anther

the variously shaped apical part to which the pollen may adhere.

Stigma

is the female organ of a plant

Pistil

stalk connecting the ovary to stigma; passageway for pollen

Style

-Holds the eggs awaiting fertilization; becomes the fruit.

Ovary

"small egg" that grows into a seed after fertilization

Ovule

- staminate and pistillate flowers on different plants

Dioecious

Pollen Distribution

Entomophily Anemophilus Hydrophily Zoophily Ornithrophily Chiropterophily

- insect pollinated flowers

Entomophily

wind pollinated flowers

Anemophilus

water pollinated flowers

Hydrophily

pollination transferred by animals

Zoophily

bird pollinated flowers

Ornithrophily

Bat pollinated flower

Chiropterophily

The young plant that is developing inside the seed coat.

EMBRYO

2 parts of embryo

Cotyledons Tigellum

- They are the leaves of the embryo that provide nourishment to the developing plant. (seed leaf)

Cotyledons

the main axis of the embryo, which lies next to micropyle

Tigellum

The outermost covering of a seed is the

seed coat

The seed coat has two layers, the outer ________ and the inner _______

testa tegmen

The outer covering of endosperm separates the embryo by a proteinous layer called __________

aleurone

STAGES OF EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT IN MONOCOT

ZYGOTIC STAGE GLOBULAR STAGE. COLEOPTILE STAGE. JUVENILE Stage MATURATION STAGE.

This single-celled stage follows fusion of the haploid egg and sperm.

ZYGOTIC STAGE.

This stage occurs 2-4 DAP (Days after pollination)

GLOBULAR STAGE

At 5 DAP, the coleoptile (specialized tubular first leaf), shoot apical meristem, and radicle (embryonic root) form

COLEOPTILE STAGE.

At 6-10 DAP, the shoot apical meristem initiates several vegetative leaves

JUVENILE STAGE.

During 11-20 DAP, the expression of maturation- related genes precedes the onset of dormancy.

MATURATION STAGE.

is the process in which a seed or spore emerges from a period of dormancy.

Germination

factors which affect germination:

water, oxygen, light, heat.

the absorption of water by seed

Imbibition

Standard Germination Test

1. Rag doll method or rolled towel test 2. Seedbox method 3. Petri dish method 4. Tetrazolium test

towel test - Seeds are arranged in rows and rolled up. The rolled material is placed in a germinator at 90% RH at 26 °C for 16 hrs, then another 8 hours at 30°C for one to several weeks.

Rug doll method

- Seeds are sown in previously sterilized soil

Seedbox method

Seeds are placed in absorbent material in the dish.

Petri dish method

tolerate drying to as low as 5% seed moisture under common conditions and low storage temperatures

Orthodox

Readily killed by drying, most especially if moisture content falls below the critical value (12- 30%)

Recalcitrant

easily injured when exposed to low temperatures (seed moisture <10%)

Intermediate

Otherwise known as the Seed Industry Development Act, was enforced in 1992

Republic Act 7308

Seed of a new variety that has the highest purity. It is produced and developed, controlled and provided directly by the breeder or his/her institution for further multiplication.

Breeder Seed

what is the tag color of breeder seed

white

propagation of breeder seed mother seed genetic purity = 99.5-99.5% physical purity = 98%

Foundation seed

Progeny of the foundation seed grown by selected farmers. It is so handled to maintain genetic purity and identity and it has undergone field and seed inspections to make sure it meets with standards.

Registered Seed

Color of foundation seed

red

Registered color

green

propagation of foundation seed/ registered seed available for farmers

Certified seed

Certified seed color tag

blue

plant diseases symptoms

Ezekiel Emano · 47問 · 1年前

plant diseases symptoms