8 Approaches to Tourism Planning

11問 • 1年前

問題一覧

(1) No Planning (2) Ad Hoc Planning Integrated Tourism (3) Planning (3) Boosterism (4) Middle Path Approach (5) Environmental Approach (6) Ecotourism (7) Social (8) Sustain Tourism

- Many destinations start out with no tourism planning at all. - Planning may not be seen as necessary when the place has underdeveloped supply and demand, or where visitation rates so small as to not percieve any impact from it. - Tourism may not be seen as a priority industry. the tourist expenditure not only supports the tourist directly but helps indirectly to support many other businesses. money may be said to be used several times and to spread into various sectors of the economy. the money paid by the tourist may be used several times and after a long series of transfers over a given period of time, passes through all sectors of the national economy, stimulating each in turn throughout the process.

No Planning

The economy functions best when there is minimal government intervention. - This theory accepts the idea of government regulation but rejects the government competing with the private sector by being a business operator itself. - In the context of Philippine tourism, neoliberalism would manifest in the deregulation of the airline industry and the privatization of governmentcontrolled tourism assets

Neoliberal Theory

Views tourism as a bad thing & decries the negative effects of mass tourism. Tourism jobs are low paying and very seasonal. Interaction between tourists and residents can lead to “xenophobia”, which is the “excessive & irrational fear/anger toward anything “foreign". - Tourism results in exploitation of vulnerable group such as the poor, women & children & minorities. - Tourism pollutes and contributes to the loss of biodiversity. - Given these assumptions, tourism should not be pursued at all.

CAUTIONARY PLATFORM

- States that tourism can actually worsen the “Third World” countries because the “First World” countries exploit the resources of the latter - Destinations depend on foreign countries for technology know-how and products to satisfy the demands of international tourists

Dependency Theory

In the process, the local economy suffers from leakages in the form of repatriated income, imports, royalties and management services. - To some extent, dependency theorist regard international tourism as a form of modern-day

Dependency Theory

States that resident’s attitudes toward tourism will deteriorate over the destination life cycle. - predicts that resident’s feelings will change from euphoria, apathy, annoyance and finally antagonism as tourism moves from introduction, growth, maturity and decline stages. colonialism and should not be pursued. - A related concept is social carrying capacity , which has something to do with the ability of residents of a destination to tolerate and manage the social effect of visitations. - Planners must incorporate measures to prevent undue stress on the host residents brought about by the influx of tourists. - This platform acknowledges that mass tourism has negative impacts, but these can be minimized or avoided with “alternative tourism” (Jafari 1999) - Which refers to low volume, low impact forms of tourism.

Doxey (1975) irritation index

Views tourism from a holistic perspective; not just from the impacts and forms of but in terms of underlying structures and functions. - This platforms supports a critical analysis of tourism and is not inclined to labeling certain forms o tourism. Under this platform, mass tourism, when managed properly, may be sustainable, while eco-tourism when mismanaged, may be unsustainable. - In other words, any form of tourism is neither innately bad nor good. - Sustainable tourism development concept, whose principles include the need for education & research, conforms to this platform. - That the main purpose of tourism is to be an agent of positive change and to defend the weak. - Forms of tourism that exhibit these principles are accessible tourism (tourism for persons with disabilities).

Knowledge-based Platform

Many destinations start out with no tourism planning at all. - Planning may not be seen as necessary when the place has underdeveloped supply and demand, or where visitation rates are so small as to not perceive any impact from it. - Tourism may not be seen as a priority industry

NO PLANNING

- _____ planning is planning only as the need arises. - In this case, planning is done on a piecemeal basis and there is no established tourism agenda at all. - _____ planning is related to issue-based planning, whereby planning is driven by issues that emerge from to time to time.

AD-HOC PLANNING

When tourism is developed and planned as an integrated system within itself and as part of an overall tourism plan and total development patterns in the area. - This implies that tourism must be compatible with existing economic activities and the values of the local residents. - Practical illustration of integrated planning in tourism is reflected in the transportation system in the UK, whereby airports, trains and bus lines are within the walking distance s of each other. - One can easily buy a day pass on the hop-on/ hop-off buses which will take you around the London.

INTEGRATED TOURISM PLANNING

DM Module 6 Part 1 - Management of Visitors

Saint Thomas Aquinas! · 39問 · 1年前

DM Module 6 Part 1 - Management of Visitors