traveler taking a trip to a main destination outside his/her usual environment, for less than a year, for any main purposes (business, leisure or other personal purpose) other than to be employed by a resident entity in the country of place visited (IRTS 2008, 2.9).

domestic inbound or outbound

his/her trip includes an overnight stayhis/her trip includes an overnight stay

same day visitor

defined as the collaboration of the related people in order to attain the goal of efficient use of the resources against the changing environmental conditions (Duzgunes, E., & Demirel O., 2016)

defined as the collaboration of the related people in order to attain the goal of efficient use of the resources against the changing environmental conditions (Duzgunes, E., & Demirel O., 2016).

practiced, explicitly and implicitly, within every destination, at every attraction, accommodation and tourism transport option. It considers such different issues as tourist facilities, gateways and orientation, transport routes and visitor flows, guiding and interpretation (Albrecht, 2017).

(organization) in tourism is an essential aspect of destination planning. The _______ plays a vital part in protecting the ecological sustainability of protected areas, providing funding and business opportunities and enabling visitors to obtain worthwhile experiences from their visit

according to PATA there are two ways to achieved visitor management

varied range of stakeholders

can be subject to legal regulations or statutory frameworks, for example are the activities in protected areas, risk management, or visitor management in

unregulated vm

different visitor management strategies

can be subject to legal regulations or statutory frameworks, for example are the activities in protected areas, risk management, or visitor management in

different visitor management strategies

Managing tourism destination in a sustainable way requires both a long-term perspective and careful consideration of the many ways in which tourist activities and environment interrelated. What is needed is a systematic approach and tool kit for planning in order to provide the necessary resources for visitor management.

different visitor management strategies aim to limit to negative impact of tourism and tourist activities

wide range of pressures

management plan that lets visitors gain quality experiences with sustainable environmental attitude, and that tries to realize visitor satisfaction about different experiences along with sustaining the qualities of the environment.

Visitor management is a management plan that lets visitors gain quality experiences with sustainable environmental attitude, and that tries to realize visitor satisfaction about different experiences along with sustaining the qualities of the environment. Impacts caused by utilization of visitors can be minimized through this management strategy, which has been developed based on

defines as level of tourist activity an area can sustain without lasting economic, social or environmental impacts, or without reducing the quality of the visitor experience (Richardson & Fluker, 2004 as cited by Inkson and Minnaert, 2012).

defines as level of tourist activity an area can sustain without lasting economic, social or environmental impacts, or without reducing the quality of the visitor experience (Richardson & Fluker, 2004 as cited by Inkson and Minnaert, 2012).

maximum number of people that may visit a tourist destination at the same time, without causing destruction of the physical, economic, socio-cultural environment and an unacceptable decrease in the quality of visitor satisfaction”

types of carrying capacity

the maximum number of visitors that can be physically accommodated on site. the maximum number of visitors that can be physically accommodated on site.

the number of visitors an attraction or destination can sustain before unacceptable or irreparable damage is done to its ecological resources.

the number of visitors an attraction or destination can sustain before the tolerance of the host community is surpassed.

the number of visitors an attraction or destination can sustain before the visitor experience declines for the majority of visitors.

the number of visitors an attraction or destination can sustain before the visitor experience declines for the majority of visitors.

the number of visitors an attraction or destination can sustain before other desirable economic activities are squeezed out. Refers to the dependency of certain destinations on tourism.

useful techniques (of carrying capacity)

is usually the higher number. The physical carrying capacity of a tourist resource is the maximum use of the resource that can take place by tourists, before the resource begins to be unacceptably degraded.

of a tourist resource is the maximum use level that can take place without causing unacceptable damage to the natural environment of the resource.

refers to the maximum use of a tourist resource that can take place, without causing unacceptable levels of local negative feeling towards tourism.

is a measurement of tourist’s perceived level of carrying capacity in a tourist resource, beyond which tourists perceive the resource as over-crowded.

is a measurement of tourist’s perceived level of carrying capacity in a tourist resource, beyond which tourists perceive the resource as over-crowded.

focuses, not on the needs and characteristics of the destination, but on the needs of the visitors, and the quality of their experience.

focuses, not on the needs and characteristics of the destination, but on the needs of the visitors, and the quality of their experience.

of a tourist resource is the maximum use if the resource that can take place by tourists before leading to an unacceptable level of economic dependency on tourism in the area of the resource.

including those set out above are dependent on firstly setting out the variable that is measured and then, secondly, defining what level of change in that variable is acceptable. Taking this approach leads to a proliferation of carrying capacities for any given tourism resource and associated problems of what is acceptable in terms of change in that area, and to whom.

measures aspire to provide objective scientific measurements, in practice they are reliant on a number of subjective judgments. One possible approach may to broaden the concept of carrying capacity from number of tourism types and their activity patterns.

in the management of a tourism destination can involve visitor management techniques such as improving signage and managing tourism flows on a site, as well as using reservation and booking systems. It can also be implemented at more strategic levels through policy and regulations that relate to tourism development (Kennell, 2014).

Is describe as working towards ‘ continuous improvement, never being satisfied with what the organization is delivering, and striving to do better to meet customers’ needs’.

A good visitor management policy is able to combine respect both interests. Visitor management is aimed at meeting not only the needs of the destinations but also those of the

The main tourism product is

The main tourism product is Destination. Many of these destination components offer tangible product that can be assessed on quality, as well as a service.

Product Quality aspects

Product can be seen as lacking in quality when they are not functional. when they do not do what customer’s expect them to do ( e.g. guest’s expect for a comfortable sleep but if the hotel air conditioning is too loud, then this expectation will not be fulfilled.

customers may also expect that the product to be free from blemishes, example a tourist may expect a meal that looks appetizing or a beach that is not littered. If their expectations are not met, this is called a ‘quality defect’

3 government task force of managing visitors by UK

threshold levels at which the ambiance and character of the place is damaged and the quality of the experience is threatened. These are as follows:

Destinations aim to provide tourist with quality and enjoyable experiences, particular attention should be paid to the quality of the service provision.

The basic principle is often that ‘customer perceptions should be equal or exceed customer expectations for them to be satisfied with the service provided.

The basic principle is often that ‘customer perceptions should be equal or exceed customer expectations for them to be satisfied with the service provided.

Visitor management develops and adapts many of the principles and practices used in tourism both in outdoor recreation and leisure areas. There are two measures which are usually used;

which are place extensive and place permanent restrictions on visitors activity, and;

which involve improving marketing, interpretation, planning and visitor coordination. which involve improving marketing, interpretation, planning and visitor coordination.

which involve improving marketing, interpretation, planning and visitor coordination.

different Techniques are combined to effectively address the problems caused by intense visitation: (7)

in some cases the negative impacts of intensive visitation can be limited by increasing the capacity of an attraction. Ex: adding more lavatories or catering facilities to reduce long queues (long queues often impact visitor experience negatively). To avoid this add more facilities. However it may not be suitable for Historic Buildings to add a modern day extension.

example of techniques include: extending opening hours; increasing staff levels; opening additional areas for facilities such as cafes at peak time.

it is used to protect vulnerable natural environments such as natural parks, from the negative effects of tourism. Ex: contradicting a well-designed trail or recreation site, wood or pavement and add fencing to keep visitors from trampling sensitive off-trail environments

this may be difficult to achieve particularly in natural parks but some implemented it. this may be difficult to achieve particularly in natural parks but some implemented it.

is used to describe a form of marketing that reduces the demand of visitors to be more in line with supply by raising prices or reducing advertising.

destinations and attractions that aim to improve visitor flows and reduce the negative impacts of overcrowding can charge fees or increase prices to reduce demand at certain times of the day, week, or year.

quota systems refer to the setting of visitors quotas, either daily or ver a shorter period of time, that cannot be surpassed.

Queues are often linked to tourism experience: attractions, theme parks, airports and tool booths are examples of tourism setting where queuing often occurs. When this takes a long time or happens often, it can spoil the tourist’s experience considerably.

Interpretation’ in the context of visitor management refers to the communication process that helps visitors understand the meaning of attractions, exhibits, and heritage.

is one of the key factors of the success of the industry because it made tourism products efficiently available to wider and bigger consumer groups encompassing all geographical barriers.

helped tourism to stimulate the broader socio-economic conditions for travel, increased productivity and relieves workers from mundane tasks, enables the movement of traveler, used extensively in the production and delivery of goods and services and most especially, it has provided easy access to travel information. helped tourism to stimulate the broader socio-economic conditions for travel, increased productivity and relieves workers from mundane tasks, enables the movement of traveler, used extensively in the production and delivery of goods and services and most especially, it has provided easy access to travel information.

Figure 1 : Technology-enable experience hieararchy

level of technology : conventional experiences

level of technology: technology assisted experiences

level of technology: technology-enchanced experience

level of technology: technology empowered experiences

______can also be the focus of the experience of the visitors. Some scholars stated that ______ is part of staging tourism experience and can contribute to efficiently manage the visitors.

refers to when tourist walk on certain areas (usually in more fragile natural areas), damaging vegetation and preventing nature from naturally recuperating

refers to tourists touching historic artifacts, buildings or plants, and thus causing damage to them. refers to tourists touching historic artifacts, buildings or plants, and thus causing damage to them.

can cause damage because visitors, just by being there and breathing, can change the temperature and the humidity levels that support the conservation of the attraction or resource.

is used to describe tourist taking home elements of a historic or natural attraction as souvenirs.

stated that the visitor management in tourism is an essential aspect of destination planning. The visitor management plays a vital part in protecting the ecological sustainability of protected areas, providing funding and business opportunities and enabling visitors to obtain worthwhile experiences from their visit (retrieved from PATA website, 2021).