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BME1101 M5 Designs of Goods and Services
62問 • 1年前
  • Saint Thomas Aquinas!
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    the objective of ____ is to develop and implement a product strategy that meets the demands of the marketplace with a competitive advantage

    product decision

  • 2

    3 product strategy options

    differentiation, low cost, rapid response

  • 3

    • May be any length from a few days to decades • The operations function must be able to introduce new products successfully

    product life cycle

  • 4

    Product Strategy Options : differentiation

    shouldpice hospital

  • 5

    Product Strategy Options : low cost

    taco bell

  • 6

    Product Strategy Options: Rapid Response

    toyota

  • 7

    Life Cycle and Strategy (1)

    Introductory Phase

  • 8

    Life Cycle and Strategy Introductory Phase • Fine tuning may warrant unusual expenses for (4)

    1. Research 2. Product development 3. Process modification and enhancement 4. Supplier development

  • 9

    3 Product Life Cycle

    growth phase, maturity phase, and decline phase

  • 10

    • Product design begins to stabilize • Effective forecasting of capacity becomes necessary • Adding or enhancing capacity may be necessary

    growth phase

  • 11

    • Competitors now established • High volume, innovative production may be needed • Improved cost control, reduction in options, paring down of product line

    maturity phase

  • 12

    • Unless product makes a special contribution to the organization, management must plan to terminate offering

    decline phase

  • 13

    - Lists products in descending order of their individual dollar contribution to the firm • Lists the total annual dollar contribution of the product • Helps management evaluate alternative strategies

    Product-by-value-analysis

  • 14

    Generating new products (6)

    1. Understanding the customer 2. Economic change 3. Sociological and demographic change 4. Technological change 5. Political and legal change 6. Market practice, professional standards, suppliers, distributors

  • 15

    Quality Function Deployment (2)

    • Quality function deployment (QFD) • House of quality

  • 16

    – Determine what will satisfy the customer – Translate those customer desires into the target design

    • Quality function deployment (QFD)

  • 17

    Utilize a planning matrix to relate customer wants to how the firm is going to meet those wants

    House of quality

  • 18

    (7) Quality Function Deployment

    1. Identify customer wants 2. Identify how the good/service will satisfy customer wants 3. Relate customer wants to product hows 4. Identify relationships between the firm’s hows 5. Develop our importance ratings 6. Evaluate competing products 7. Compare performance to desirable technical attributes

  • 19

    Deploying resources through the organization in response to customer requirements

    House of Quality Sequence

  • 20

    Organizing for Product Development (6)

    Traditionally – distinct departments • A Champion • Team approach • Japanese “whole organization” approach • Product development teams • Concurrent engineering

  • 21

    – Duties and responsibilities are defined – Difficult to foster forward thinking

    traditionally distinct departments

  • 22

    Product manager drives the product through the product development system and related organizations

    A champion

  • 23

    – Cross functional – representatives from all disciplines or functions – Product development teams, design for manufacturability teams, value engineering teams

    team aproach

  • 24

    No organizational divisions

    Japanese “whole organization” approach

  • 25

    – Market requirements to product success – Cross-functional teams often involving vendors – Open, highly participative environment

    Product development teams

  • 26

    – Simultaneous performance of product development stages – Speedier product development – Facilitated by cross-functional teams

    concurrent engineering

  • 27

    – Simultaneous performance of product development stages – Speedier product development – Facilitated by cross-functional teams

    concurrent engineering

  • 28

    Manufacturability and Value Engineering (7 benefits)

    1. Reduced complexity of the product 2. Reduction of environmental impact 3. Additional standardization of components 4. Improvement of functional aspects of the product 5. Improved job design and job safety 6. Improved maintainability (serviceability) of the product 7. Robust design

  • 29

    7 for product design

    • Robust design • Modular design • Computer-aided design (CAD) • Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) • Virtual reality technology • Value analysis • Sustainability and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

  • 30

    • Product is designed so that small variations in production or assembly do not adversely affect the product • Typically results in lower cost and higher quality

    robust design

  • 31

    • Products designed in easily segmented components • Adds flexibility to both production and marketing • Improved ability to satisfy customer requirements

    modular design

  • 32

    • Using computers to design products and prepare engineering documentation • Shorter development cycles, improved accuracy, lower cost • Information and designs can be deployed worldwide

    computer aided design (CAD)

  • 33

    • 3D Object Modeling – Small prototype development • Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) – Solve manufacturing problems during the design stage • CAD through the Internet • International data exchange through STEP • 3D printing

    Extensions for CAD

  • 34

    Utilizing specialized computers and program to control manufacturing equipment • Often driven by the CAD system (CAD/CAM) • Additive manufacturing – Extension of CAD that builds products by adding material layer upon layer

    Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)

  • 35

    • Utilizing specialized computers and program to control manufacturing equipment • Often driven by the CAD system (CAD/CAM) • Additive manufacturing – Extension of CAD that builds products by adding material layer upon layer

    Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)

  • 36

    1. Product quality 2. Shorter design time 3. Production cost reductions 4. Database availability 5. New range of capabilities

    Benefits of CAD/CAM

  • 37

    Benefits of CAD/CAM(5)

    1. Product quality 2. Shorter design time 3. Production cost reductions 4. Database availability 5. New range of capabilities

  • 38

    • A visual form of communication in which images substitute for reality and typically allow the user to respond interactively • Allows people to ‘see’ the finished design before a physical model is built • Very effective in large-scale designs such as plant layout

    virtual reality technology

  • 39

    • The integration of digital information with the user's environment in real time – Digital information or images superimposed on an existing image – Useful in product design, assembly and maintenance operations, tool or specification information

    augmented reality

  • 40

    • Focuses on design improvement during production • Seeks improvements leading either to a better product or a product that can be produced more economically with less environmental impact

    value analysis

  • 41

    • Focuses on design improvement during production • Seeks improvements leading either to a better product or a product that can be produced more economically with less environmental impact

    value analysis

  • 42

    Sustainability means meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs • LCA is a formal evaluation of the environmental impact of a product

    Sustainability and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

  • 43

    Product Development Continuum (6)

    • Product life cycles are becoming shorter and the rate of technological change is increasing • Developing new products faster can result in a competitive advantage • Time-based competition • Purchasing technology by acquiring a firm • Joint Ventures

  • 44

    – Speeds development – Issues concern the fit between the acquired organization and product and the host

    purchasing technology by aquiring a firm

  • 45

    – Both organizations learn – Risks are shared

    joint ventures

  • 46

    – Cooperative agreements between independent organizations – Useful when technology is developing – Reduces risks Product Development Continuum

    Alliance

  • 47

    – Cooperative agreements between independent organizations – Useful when technology is developing – Reduces risks

    alliance

  • 48

    First definition is in terms of functions • Rigorous specifications are developed during the design phase • Manufactured products will have an engineering drawing • Bill of material (BOM) lists the components of a product

    defining a product

  • 49

    product documents (2)

    engineering drawing and bill of material

  • 50

    – Shows dimensions, tolerances, and materials – Shows codes for Group Technology product documents

    engineering drawing

  • 51

    – Lists components, quantities, and where used – Shows product structure product documents

    bill of material

  • 52

    • Produce components themselves or buy from an outside source • Variations in – Quality – Cost – Delivery schedules • Critical to product definition

    make or buy decisions

  • 53

    • Parts grouped into families with similar characteristics • Coding system describes processing and physical characteristics • Part families can be produced in dedicated manufacturing cells

    group technology

  • 54

    group tech benefits

    1. Improved design 2. Reduced raw material and purchases 3. Simplified production planning and control 4. Improved layout, routing, and machine loading 5. Reduced tooling setup time, work-in-process, and production time

  • 55

    Documents for Production

    • Assembly drawing • Assembly chart • Route sheet • Work order • Engineering change notices (ECNs)

  • 56

    • Shows exploded view of product • Details relative locations to show how to assemble the product

    assembly drawing

  • 57

    Identifies the point of production where components flow into subassemblies and ultimately into the final product

    assembly chart

  • 58

    Lists the operations and times required to produce a component

    route sheet

  • 59

    Instructions to produce a given quantity of a particular item, usually to a schedule

    work order

  • 60

    • A correction or modification to a product’s definition or documentation – Engineering drawings – Bill of material Quite common with long product life cycles, long manufacturing lead times, or rapidly changing technologies

    Engineering Change Notice (ECN)

  • 61

    The need to manage ECNs has led to the development of configuration management systems • A product’s planned and changing components are accurately identified • Control and accountability for change are identified and maintained

    configuration management

  • 62

    The need to manage ECNs has led to the development of configuration management systems • A product’s planned and changing components are accurately identified • Control and accountability for change are identified and maintained

    configuration management

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    Saint Thomas Aquinas! · 39問 · 1年前

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    Saint Thomas Aquinas! · 10問 · 1年前

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    Saint Thomas Aquinas! · 12問 · 1年前

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    12問 • 1年前
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    Saint Thomas Aquinas! · 23問 · 1年前

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    Terminologies

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    Saint Thomas Aquinas! · 49問 · 1年前

    Terminologies

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    49問 • 1年前
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    Corresponding Mysteries

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    Saint Thomas Aquinas! · 33問 · 1年前

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    33問 • 1年前
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    問題一覧

  • 1

    the objective of ____ is to develop and implement a product strategy that meets the demands of the marketplace with a competitive advantage

    product decision

  • 2

    3 product strategy options

    differentiation, low cost, rapid response

  • 3

    • May be any length from a few days to decades • The operations function must be able to introduce new products successfully

    product life cycle

  • 4

    Product Strategy Options : differentiation

    shouldpice hospital

  • 5

    Product Strategy Options : low cost

    taco bell

  • 6

    Product Strategy Options: Rapid Response

    toyota

  • 7

    Life Cycle and Strategy (1)

    Introductory Phase

  • 8

    Life Cycle and Strategy Introductory Phase • Fine tuning may warrant unusual expenses for (4)

    1. Research 2. Product development 3. Process modification and enhancement 4. Supplier development

  • 9

    3 Product Life Cycle

    growth phase, maturity phase, and decline phase

  • 10

    • Product design begins to stabilize • Effective forecasting of capacity becomes necessary • Adding or enhancing capacity may be necessary

    growth phase

  • 11

    • Competitors now established • High volume, innovative production may be needed • Improved cost control, reduction in options, paring down of product line

    maturity phase

  • 12

    • Unless product makes a special contribution to the organization, management must plan to terminate offering

    decline phase

  • 13

    - Lists products in descending order of their individual dollar contribution to the firm • Lists the total annual dollar contribution of the product • Helps management evaluate alternative strategies

    Product-by-value-analysis

  • 14

    Generating new products (6)

    1. Understanding the customer 2. Economic change 3. Sociological and demographic change 4. Technological change 5. Political and legal change 6. Market practice, professional standards, suppliers, distributors

  • 15

    Quality Function Deployment (2)

    • Quality function deployment (QFD) • House of quality

  • 16

    – Determine what will satisfy the customer – Translate those customer desires into the target design

    • Quality function deployment (QFD)

  • 17

    Utilize a planning matrix to relate customer wants to how the firm is going to meet those wants

    House of quality

  • 18

    (7) Quality Function Deployment

    1. Identify customer wants 2. Identify how the good/service will satisfy customer wants 3. Relate customer wants to product hows 4. Identify relationships between the firm’s hows 5. Develop our importance ratings 6. Evaluate competing products 7. Compare performance to desirable technical attributes

  • 19

    Deploying resources through the organization in response to customer requirements

    House of Quality Sequence

  • 20

    Organizing for Product Development (6)

    Traditionally – distinct departments • A Champion • Team approach • Japanese “whole organization” approach • Product development teams • Concurrent engineering

  • 21

    – Duties and responsibilities are defined – Difficult to foster forward thinking

    traditionally distinct departments

  • 22

    Product manager drives the product through the product development system and related organizations

    A champion

  • 23

    – Cross functional – representatives from all disciplines or functions – Product development teams, design for manufacturability teams, value engineering teams

    team aproach

  • 24

    No organizational divisions

    Japanese “whole organization” approach

  • 25

    – Market requirements to product success – Cross-functional teams often involving vendors – Open, highly participative environment

    Product development teams

  • 26

    – Simultaneous performance of product development stages – Speedier product development – Facilitated by cross-functional teams

    concurrent engineering

  • 27

    – Simultaneous performance of product development stages – Speedier product development – Facilitated by cross-functional teams

    concurrent engineering

  • 28

    Manufacturability and Value Engineering (7 benefits)

    1. Reduced complexity of the product 2. Reduction of environmental impact 3. Additional standardization of components 4. Improvement of functional aspects of the product 5. Improved job design and job safety 6. Improved maintainability (serviceability) of the product 7. Robust design

  • 29

    7 for product design

    • Robust design • Modular design • Computer-aided design (CAD) • Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) • Virtual reality technology • Value analysis • Sustainability and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

  • 30

    • Product is designed so that small variations in production or assembly do not adversely affect the product • Typically results in lower cost and higher quality

    robust design

  • 31

    • Products designed in easily segmented components • Adds flexibility to both production and marketing • Improved ability to satisfy customer requirements

    modular design

  • 32

    • Using computers to design products and prepare engineering documentation • Shorter development cycles, improved accuracy, lower cost • Information and designs can be deployed worldwide

    computer aided design (CAD)

  • 33

    • 3D Object Modeling – Small prototype development • Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) – Solve manufacturing problems during the design stage • CAD through the Internet • International data exchange through STEP • 3D printing

    Extensions for CAD

  • 34

    Utilizing specialized computers and program to control manufacturing equipment • Often driven by the CAD system (CAD/CAM) • Additive manufacturing – Extension of CAD that builds products by adding material layer upon layer

    Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)

  • 35

    • Utilizing specialized computers and program to control manufacturing equipment • Often driven by the CAD system (CAD/CAM) • Additive manufacturing – Extension of CAD that builds products by adding material layer upon layer

    Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)

  • 36

    1. Product quality 2. Shorter design time 3. Production cost reductions 4. Database availability 5. New range of capabilities

    Benefits of CAD/CAM

  • 37

    Benefits of CAD/CAM(5)

    1. Product quality 2. Shorter design time 3. Production cost reductions 4. Database availability 5. New range of capabilities

  • 38

    • A visual form of communication in which images substitute for reality and typically allow the user to respond interactively • Allows people to ‘see’ the finished design before a physical model is built • Very effective in large-scale designs such as plant layout

    virtual reality technology

  • 39

    • The integration of digital information with the user's environment in real time – Digital information or images superimposed on an existing image – Useful in product design, assembly and maintenance operations, tool or specification information

    augmented reality

  • 40

    • Focuses on design improvement during production • Seeks improvements leading either to a better product or a product that can be produced more economically with less environmental impact

    value analysis

  • 41

    • Focuses on design improvement during production • Seeks improvements leading either to a better product or a product that can be produced more economically with less environmental impact

    value analysis

  • 42

    Sustainability means meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs • LCA is a formal evaluation of the environmental impact of a product

    Sustainability and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

  • 43

    Product Development Continuum (6)

    • Product life cycles are becoming shorter and the rate of technological change is increasing • Developing new products faster can result in a competitive advantage • Time-based competition • Purchasing technology by acquiring a firm • Joint Ventures

  • 44

    – Speeds development – Issues concern the fit between the acquired organization and product and the host

    purchasing technology by aquiring a firm

  • 45

    – Both organizations learn – Risks are shared

    joint ventures

  • 46

    – Cooperative agreements between independent organizations – Useful when technology is developing – Reduces risks Product Development Continuum

    Alliance

  • 47

    – Cooperative agreements between independent organizations – Useful when technology is developing – Reduces risks

    alliance

  • 48

    First definition is in terms of functions • Rigorous specifications are developed during the design phase • Manufactured products will have an engineering drawing • Bill of material (BOM) lists the components of a product

    defining a product

  • 49

    product documents (2)

    engineering drawing and bill of material

  • 50

    – Shows dimensions, tolerances, and materials – Shows codes for Group Technology product documents

    engineering drawing

  • 51

    – Lists components, quantities, and where used – Shows product structure product documents

    bill of material

  • 52

    • Produce components themselves or buy from an outside source • Variations in – Quality – Cost – Delivery schedules • Critical to product definition

    make or buy decisions

  • 53

    • Parts grouped into families with similar characteristics • Coding system describes processing and physical characteristics • Part families can be produced in dedicated manufacturing cells

    group technology

  • 54

    group tech benefits

    1. Improved design 2. Reduced raw material and purchases 3. Simplified production planning and control 4. Improved layout, routing, and machine loading 5. Reduced tooling setup time, work-in-process, and production time

  • 55

    Documents for Production

    • Assembly drawing • Assembly chart • Route sheet • Work order • Engineering change notices (ECNs)

  • 56

    • Shows exploded view of product • Details relative locations to show how to assemble the product

    assembly drawing

  • 57

    Identifies the point of production where components flow into subassemblies and ultimately into the final product

    assembly chart

  • 58

    Lists the operations and times required to produce a component

    route sheet

  • 59

    Instructions to produce a given quantity of a particular item, usually to a schedule

    work order

  • 60

    • A correction or modification to a product’s definition or documentation – Engineering drawings – Bill of material Quite common with long product life cycles, long manufacturing lead times, or rapidly changing technologies

    Engineering Change Notice (ECN)

  • 61

    The need to manage ECNs has led to the development of configuration management systems • A product’s planned and changing components are accurately identified • Control and accountability for change are identified and maintained

    configuration management

  • 62

    The need to manage ECNs has led to the development of configuration management systems • A product’s planned and changing components are accurately identified • Control and accountability for change are identified and maintained

    configuration management