CBRC Set A

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Chemical reactions occurring in the soil and decomposition of organic matter are speed up by

Higher soil temperature

A soil horizon is defined as

All of the above

Metamorphic rocks include the following, EXCEPT:

diamond

The highest category in US Soil Taxonomy.

order

Porosity, which is the total pore-space volume of soils

is highest in fine-textured soils

This factor has strong influence in promoting soil aggregation such as the formation of granules and crumbs.

Organic matter addition

Mollisols that have aquic moisture regime has a suborder named

Aquolls

This type of rock is considered as the ancestors of all other rocks and constitutes 95% of the outermost 10 miles of th globe is the

igneous rocks 1

A soil moisture regime wherein soil is continuously dry 45 days after summer and continuously moist 45 days after w summer-wet winter)

xeric

Haplauents are young soils with minimal development. In what order does the soil belong?

Entisols

The Philippine adopts the Soil Classification System

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)

Structureless soil

massive

Identify the soil physical property that is not readily subject to change, so it is considered a basic soil property

soil texture

A sedimentary rock which is a recemented clay

Shale

The most abundant elements in the Earth's crust

Oxygen and Silicon

It is the vertical section of the soil exposing a set of horizons.

Soil Profile

In a viscous medium, the rate of settling is affected by particle size and temperature of medium.

At the same temperature, the rate of settling of silt particles is faster than the clay particles

These rocks have been greatly altered from their previous conditions through the combined action of heat and pressure.

Metamorphic Rock

It is made up of poorly sorted rock fragments detached from the heights above and carried downslope mostly by gravity.

Colluvium

A sequence of related soils that differ in certain properties primarily as a result of time as a soil-forming process

Chronosequence

Who popularized the five factors of soil formation? (CLORPT)

Hans Jenny

The master horizons in the soil profile are designated using

capital letters

Metamorphic rocks resulted through the combined action of heat and pressure. Which pre-existing rock does Gneiss com from?

Granite

The percent water remaining in soil 2 to 3 days after it had been saturated and the free drainage had practically ceased

Field capacity

A civil engineer may want to determine different properties of the soil. This approach in the study of soil science is called

Pedological approach

It is the component of the soil which accommodates air and water

Pore spaces

Profile depths vary depending on what type of soil formation took place and what present material was the source or origin. What is the standard depth of profile used for description?

2 m

Different igneous rocks contain minerals. The major minerals found in granite are

quarts and biotite

The particle density is affected by some factors.

Particle density does not change with poor soil cultivation practices

Metamorphic rocks resulted through the combined action of heat and pressure. Which pre-existing rock does Slate come

Shale

The time that refers to the beginning of soil formation is called

Zero

Development of soil horizons which includes movement from one horizon to another of O.M. clay, water, iron, & nutrients in colloidal size, (very small particles).

Translocations

It represents the A, E, B and C horizons of the soil profile.

Regolith

A highly weathered subsurface horizon in intensively weathered soils of the tropics consisting of an accumulation of Fe and oxides

oxic

Metamorphosis is caused by

High pressure and temperature

The following are examples of chemical weathering EXCEPT

Abrasion

Primary minerals are formed at temperatures and/or pressure higher than that normally encountered at the earth's surface (one atmosphere and <100C). Which is not a primary mineral?

Gypsum

The weathering that takes place below the soil solum

Geochemical weathering

Which of these factors does not affect the rate of fall of particles in a liquid medium

chemical

Horizontal layers of soil differentiation.

Horizon

Mature soils are moderately to highly weathered soils. The horizons of a matured soil are composed of:

АВС

Soil texture refers to the coarseness or fineness of soil

All of the above.

This compound reacts with carbonic acid forming a more soluble bicarbonate. Its reaction contributes to the weathering process.

Carbonation

Many soil properties and characteristics are affected by soil texture

Clay soil is chemically more reactive than sandy soil

The physicist who formulated the law governing the rate of settling of particles in a viscous medium

Stoke

Determintion of sol textural class of a soll by rubbing a sample of the soilin a moist to wet condition of clay present, how the soil develops a continuous ribbon when pressing between the thumb and fingers to indicate the amount of clay present.

Feel and roll method

This horizon is plowed and rich in humus. It will be designated as horizon.

The fitness of a given type of land for specified kind of land use.

Land suitability

The color of a soil indicates some chemical conditions

Dark or black color indicates high organic matter

Type of soil deposited by lake.

Lacustrine

The soil structure of compacted plow soil

platy

The soil structure that is normally observed in virgin soils.

Platy structure

In a sloping topography, development of horizons varies depending on the position. The horizons in develop the fastest.

Summit

A soil order with a formative element id is

Aridisols

Bulk density is a good indicator of soil degradation

Increasing bulk density indicates deteriorating sail physical condition

O horizon that is slightly decomposed

A soil with bulk density of 1.35 g/cm3 and a particle density of 2.6 g/em' has a solid fraction of

52%

Void ratio is the ratio of the volume of voids or pore spaces to the volume of solids.

A void ratio of >1.0 indicates that the soil is compact

A system of soil classification in the Philippines based on the concept of a precisely defined, selected horizon for classifying soil profiles

Soil taxonomy

Pore-size distribution affects movement and retention of water and air in the soil

Macro-pores are important in drainage and root respiration and Micro-pores and macro-pores are equally important to root growth

Soil grown to corn is best cultivated when the soil consistency is

friable

Suborders are named based on distinguishing characteristics and soil order. A dark red Ultisols with udic moisture regime is

Udults

The upper diameter size limit of clay particles

0.002 mm

The most influential factor in soil formation

Climate

This is a type of epipedon that fails all the requirements of a mollic

ochric

The minimum size of delineation is 0.2 hectare to 4 hectare. The order of soil survey is

1st

Soil texture that would be best for growing lowland rice

Silty clay

Property of water which causes it to behave as if its surface were covered with a stretched elastic membrane

surface tension

A soil moisture condition wherein all pore spaces in the soil are filled up with water

maximum water holding capacity

What is the soil order of the soil with a name Typic tropudalfs?

Alfisols

In the soil profile, parent material of soil is usually located in

Lowest part

If the soil moisture content is 35%, field capacity is 40% and permanent wilting point is 20%, the available water in the soil is

15%

Soil temperature plays an important role

Microbial activities are lesser in temperate than in tropical countries

The favorable soil temperature for seed germination and plant growth is

13-38 °C

Identification and inventory of soil resources is necessary to show the distribution of soils, description of the soils, some recommendation as to their use & management, and general information of a particular area. This information can be found in

Soil survey report

Which among the following maps shows the potential utilization of a given land and some conservation measures

Land capability map

Represent areas that should be permanently retained as forest environment

Preservation areas

Soil texture influences property that directly affects plant growth

Percolation rate is faster in coarse-textured than in fine-textured soils

This will retard soil profile development because it exposes new materials

Steep slopes

In soil profile description, soil coatings or cutans must be properly observed. Which of the following is a cutan name?

Ferran

Soil color is described using hue, value and chroma. In the soil color notation 4 YR 3/6, the hue is

4 YR

Gully formation in mountains or steep areas usually starts at

Below

Given the soil with a nomenclature: "silty clay, mixed, superactive isophyperthermic Histic Tropaquoll". The soil order is

Mollisols

Many soil properties and characteristics are affected by soil structure

Crumb is the best soil structure that most crops prefer

Soil moisture control section is dry more than half the time when soil temp. at 50 cm is >5°C; moist for less than 3 months only. The soil moisture regime is

Aridic

This primary mineral, sometimes called silica (SiO2), is very resistant to weathering?

Quartz

Soil with a warm temperature regime, an argillic horizon and percent base saturation (PBS) <35%

Ultisols

The soil textural class wherein the coarseness of sand, the smoothness of silt and the stickiness of clay are manifested in almost equal proportion in a soil mass

loam

Which of the following is called the white mica?

Muscovite

Calcite weathers easily and forms a thick solum usually high in clay content. If the soil exhibits shrinking and swelling, the order most likely is

Vertisol

Generally, most of the maps showing the distribution of Philippine soils are based on

soil series/type

Compute for the porosity of the soil if the bulk density of 1.3 g/m and a particle density of 26 g/cm will have a porosity of

50%

Plants depend on the water stored in the soil

The upper limit of available water is field capacity

A recently added soil order covering all soils which are permanently frozen/covered with snow

Gelisols

Physical properties are affected by several factors. Soil densities and porosities are affected by soil texture and soil structure.

Soil compaction increases in bulk density

What is the moisture content of a moist soil sample that weighs 12.5 g originally and 10 g after the oven drying?

The soil consistency of a lowland rice land should be

viscous

Some soil exhibits the horizons that have characteristics of underlying or overlying horizons. These horizons are identified as

Transitional horizons

Soil horizon has varying physical and chemical properties. Soil structure is best observed in the

subsoil

100

Originated from the Greek words that refers to the uppermost most soil horizons used in the description of diagnostic horizons

Epipedons

CLSU

CLSU

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