Fungi in the Philippines reproduce mainly by?

Which of the following phenomena corresponds to the 1st step of the disease cycle?

Which of the following is the best reason why there will be severe symptom development in rice tungro infected rice plants?

True of False: Manipulating one or more factors in the disease triangle can help control plant diseases.

Bacteria utilizes the following process that results in variability, EXCEPT:

The presence of different nuclei in the same mycelium is.

Corn smut is a fungal disease that causes swellings (galls) on ears, leaves, stalks, and tassels of sweet and field corn. Which of the following best explains the symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen?

For root knot and cyst nematodes, this is also known as the infective stage

These substances are produced by plant pathogens which are toxic only to hosts of the pathogen producing the toxin. Which of the following is an example?

Which life stage of the nematode will NOT be killed by a systemic nematicide?

In which soil conditions favor fungal pathogens to germinate?

True of bacterial conjugation

TRUE of plant disease cycle

The damage due to the formation of ice crystals within cells

The phenomenon wherein genetically susceptible plants do not become infected because the three factors necessary for disease (susceptible host, virulent pathogen, and favorable environment) do not coincide and interact at the proper time or for sufficient duration.

Citrus greening or mottling is now believed to be caused by:

Which of the following assessment methods is best to use for rice tungro disease?

This is computed by dividing the number of infected plants by the total number of plants multiplied by 100

Which of the following is considered as an exclusion method for management of plant diseases?

Host plants have pre-formed resistance. Which of the following shows the pre-formed resistance of plants against plant pathogens?

Coffee rust is a major disease of coffee affecting farmers. Coffee rust is dominant in what coffee producing province?

Who clearly demonstrated that fungi are the cause, and not the result of plant diseases?

Which of the following is a NOT eukaryote?

Common bacterial plant pathogen in the philippines that produces yellow and mucoid colonies in ordinary culture media

Which of the following is a form of susceptible response by the plant to a virus infection?

The utilization of some physical component of the environment, such as temperature, humidity, or light, to the detriment of pathogens is under what principle of plant disease control

A virus that does NOT persist in its insect vector

What is the advantage of using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in plant virus identification?

According to the gene-for-gene theory which of the following is TRUE?

The early definitions of a virus mentioned which of the following characteristics?

How does Fusarium oxysporum cause wilting in bananas?

These are naturally occurring chemicals that bind to sterols in fungal cell membranes; alters permeability

In manifested sheath blight symptoms, what is the scientific name of the pathogen that inflicts the said disease?

Refers to the quantitative amoufal of disease that an isolate of a given pathogen can cause in a given group of plants in terms of size of lesions or number of lesions

Koch's postulates, one of the four criteria is re-isolation, which states that:

Which of the following spores is most likely favored to germinate in Cordillera Administrative Region?

Consider the disease complex situation between Pratylenchus sp ( a nematode) and Fusarium sp. (a soil-borne fungal pathogen). Which of the statements below is NOT correct? Situation A: Plants Infected with Pratylenchus alone = 25% crop yield Situation B: Plants Infected with Fusarium alone = 50% crop yield Situation C: Plants Infected with Pratylenchus sp and Fusarium sp: 10% crop yield Situation D: Uninfected plants: 75% crop yield

A seed infected with a virus is an important source of infection since the seed introduces the virus

A crop with adequate yield despite extensive nematode infestation exhibits which of the following?

All the following are the goals of plant disease survey EXCEPT:

This refers to a mixture of several lines with similar agronomic characteristics but with different genes for resistance

Ralstonia solanacearum, the pathogen for bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops cause disease to plants through this:

Select the correct pathogen and its corresponding toxin

Pathogens that destroy chloroplasts exhibit what mechanism of pathogenicity?

Main means of reproduction in bacteria

Why do mollicutes have different shape compared to a typical plant pathogenic bacteria?

Which of the following is TRUE about the gene-for-gene theory

Refers to the possesion of both functional male and female reproductive organ

If juveniles and adults are motile during all life cycle stages but may be either within or inside of roots, a plant parasitic nematode is called as

The permanent nurse cells induced by root-knot nematodes in roots are called

A disease which is aggravated by the presence of root knot nematode

Some pathogens produce either host-selective toxins or non-host-selective toxins to be able to successfully infect living plant cells. Which of the following is a host selective toxin produced by plant pathogen?

With the use of insecticides to control a persistently transmitted plant virus, the following is/are NOT expected effect/s?

Which of the following is produced in incompanbie reactions between a pathogen and a host plant

Race-specific resistance is also called

Common isolation method of bacterial plant pathogens from plant tissues?

An example of a disease due to lack of oxygen

The genetic material of bacteria

The early works of plant diseases due to viruses were based on the simple fact that they are

Disease cycles classified as monocycles are characterized by:

A group of substances secreted by pathogens that interfere with the permeability of photoplast membrane.

Which of the following is a characteristic of viroids?

Black Sigatoka is caused by which pathogen?

Which is NOT among the five (5) major genera of phytopathogenic bacteria?

Refers to the quantitative amount of disease that an isolate of a given pathogen can cause in a given group of plants in terms of size of lesions or number of lesions

A virus is different from a viroid in that the viroid is composed of

The first report of insect transmission of a plant virus in the country dates back to 1926 when Gerardo O. Ocfemia reported transmission of a plant virus by Pentalonia nigronervosa. What is the particular virus disease?

Soil fumigation to control Moko disease of banana falls under what method of control?

Which of the following favors plant disease epidemics to occur?

You were required to leave at the airport the planting materials you carried from abroad. What principle of plant disease control was applied?

This structure regulates the transport of materials into and out of the cell

Crop loss assessment methods may be done using any of the following EXCEPT:

Philippine Liberica is known locally as ?

The permanent nurse cells induced by cyst nematodes in roots are called

These are a structurally diverse group of proteins produced by the plant that are toxic to plant pathogens. One example is chitinase, which is toxic to invading fungal pathogens.

Education, quarantine, using certified planting materials, checking suspect materials before planting and clearing equipment are examples of what type of management of plant parasitic nematode:

You observed that your rice plants manifested sheath blight symptoms. Which of the following best describes the pathogen that caused this disease?

This method is used to conserve moisture and organic matter and reduce erosion in the soil

Which of the following is not caused by a fungus?

Cadang-cadang disease which is caused by Coconut cadang-cadang viroid (CCCVd) becomes widely distributed in the central Philippines. Because of this, strict enforcement of quarantine regulations by concerned government agencies on the safe movement of coconut germplasm from infected areas is heightened to prevent its further spread to disease-free areas. The name Cadang-cadang is derived from the Bicol term 'gadan-gadan' which means

This is used to answer the question "How often the disease occurs in the locality" ?

True of the characteristics of fungi

Induced resistance is defined as resistance that is active in the presence of inducers. Which of the following is an example of induced resistance?

Sclerotial bodies are produced as__ structures by what species of fungi?

A unique air pollutant that can cause premature senescence

Why are Streptomyces considered as atypical plant bacterial pathogen?

The following are the climatic factors except one, which can cause symptoms that may br confused with crop damages brought about by pests and pathogens

Which of the following is a barrier to virus movement through the plant?

In disease epidemics, there are two types of diseases - one that shows compound interest and one that shoes simple interest. Which of the following correctly describes and matches each type of disease cycle?

In rice, it causes a disease known as bakanae or "foolish seedling" disease, characterized by:

Which of the following is NOT an/are expression of variability among pathogens?

Which of the following reflects the survival phase of the inoculum in the disease cycle?

Plant pathogenic bacteria can arrive at the ports of entry in the host plant. Which of the following allows this phenomenon?

The most important group of vectors of plant viruses, both in terms of number of the viruses they transmit and the economic importance of the diseases these viruses cause, is/are the following except:

Quiescent or latent infection is often associated with

Some bacteria produce__ as their structures when unfavorable conditions occur.

In the absence of plants in field, fungal pathogens will not survive in

In nematology, a variety is said to be resistant if it:

A reaction that results in infection is also known as

Clustering of roots, flowers, fruits, or twigs around a common focus?