Cadang-cadang disease which is caused by Coconut cadang-cadang viroid (CCCVd) becomes widely distributed in the central Philippines. Because of this, strict enforcement of quarantine regulations by concerned government agencies on the safe movement of coconut germplasm from infected areas is heightened to prevent its further spread to disease-free areas. The name Cadang-cadang is derived from the Bicol term 'gadan-gadan' which means

Coffee rust is a major disease of coffee affecting farmers. Coffee rust is dominant in what coffee producing province?

Black Sigatoka is caused by which pathogen?

True of the characteristics of fungi

The presence of different nuclei in the same mycelium is.

A group of substances secreted by pathogens that interfere with the permeability of photoplast membrane.

Which is NOT among the five (5) major genera of phytopathogenic bacteria?

Clustering of roots, flowers, fruits, or twigs around a common focus?

Common isolation method of bacterial plant pathogens from plant tissues?

Citrus greening or mottling is now believed to be caused by:

In rice, it causes a disease known as bakanae or "foolish seedling" disease, characterized by:

How does Fusarium oxysporum cause wilting in bananas?

Which of the following is the best reason why there will be severe symptom development in rice tungro infected rice plants?

True of False: Manipulating one or more factors in the disease triangle can help control plant diseases.

Refers to the quantitative amoufal of disease that an isolate of a given pathogen can cause in a given group of plants in terms of size of lesions or number of lesions

Plant pathogenic bacteria can arrive at the ports of entry in the host plant. Which of the following allows this phenomenon?

Which of the following is a characteristic of viroids?

Why are Streptomyces considered as atypical plant bacterial pathogen?

A crop with adequate yield despite extensive nematode infestation exhibits which of the following?

Soil fumigation to control Moko disease of banana falls under what method of control?

Which of the following is considered as an exclusion method for management of plant diseases?

With the use of insecticides to control a persistently transmitted plant virus, the following is/are NOT expected effect/s?

A seed infected with a virus is an important source of infection since the seed introduces the virus

For root knot and cyst nematodes, this is also known as the infective stage

Koch's postulates, one of the four criteria is re-isolation, which states that:

The damage due to the formation of ice crystals within cells

Which of the following is a form of susceptible response by the plant to a virus infection?

A virus is different from a viroid in that the viroid is composed of

Consider the disease complex situation between Pratylenchus sp ( a nematode) and Fusarium sp. (a soil-borne fungal pathogen). Which of the statements below is NOT correct? Situation A: Plants Infected with Pratylenchus alone = 25% crop yield Situation B: Plants Infected with Fusarium alone = 50% crop yield Situation C: Plants Infected with Pratylenchus sp and Fusarium sp: 10% crop yield Situation D: Uninfected plants: 75% crop yield

The permanent nurse cells induced by root-knot nematodes in roots are called

The permanent nurse cells induced by cyst nematodes in roots are called

You observed that your rice plants manifested sheath blight symptoms. Which of the following best describes the pathogen that caused this disease?

In manifested sheath blight symptoms, what is the scientific name of the pathogen that inflicts the said disease?

Why do mollicutes have different shape compared to a typical plant pathogenic bacteria?

What is the advantage of using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in plant virus identification?

True of bacterial conjugation

Bacteria utilizes the following process that results in variability, EXCEPT:

Which of the following is NOT an/are expression of variability among pathogens?

A reaction that results in infection is also known as

Which of the following is TRUE about the gene-for-gene theory

According to the gene-for-gene theory which of the following is TRUE?

TRUE of plant disease cycle

Which of the following phenomena corresponds to the 1st step of the disease cycle?

Which of the following reflects the survival phase of the inoculum in the disease cycle?

Some bacteria produce__ as their structures when unfavorable conditions occur.

Sclerotial bodies are produced as__ structures by what species of fungi?

Disease cycles classified as monocycles are characterized by:

Which of the following is a NOT eukaryote?

Which of the following spores is most likely favored to germinate in Cordillera Administrative Region?

In which soil conditions favor fungal pathogens to germinate?

Pathogens that destroy chloroplasts exhibit what mechanism of pathogenicity?

Corn smut is a fungal disease that causes swellings (galls) on ears, leaves, stalks, and tassels of sweet and field corn. Which of the following best explains the symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen?

These substances are produced by plant pathogens which are toxic only to hosts of the pathogen producing the toxin. Which of the following is an example?

Select the correct pathogen and its corresponding toxin

Host plants have pre-formed resistance. Which of the following shows the pre-formed resistance of plants against plant pathogens?

These are naturally occurring chemicals that bind to sterols in fungal cell membranes; alters permeability

Induced resistance is defined as resistance that is active in the presence of inducers. Which of the following is an example of induced resistance?

Which of the following is produced in incompanbie reactions between a pathogen and a host plant

Which of the following favors plant disease epidemics to occur?

In disease epidemics, there are two types of diseases - one that shows compound interest and one that shoes simple interest. Which of the following correctly describes and matches each type of disease cycle?

Which of the following assessment methods is best to use for rice tungro disease?

This is computed by dividing the number of infected plants by the total number of plants multiplied by 100

This is used to answer the question "How often the disease occurs in the locality" ?

All the following are the goals of plant disease survey EXCEPT:

The utilization of some physical component of the environment, such as temperature, humidity, or light, to the detriment of pathogens is under what principle of plant disease control

This method is used to conserve moisture and organic matter and reduce erosion in the soil

This refers to a mixture of several lines with similar agronomic characteristics but with different genes for resistance

Philippine Liberica is known locally as ?

Fungi in the Philippines reproduce mainly by?

Main means of reproduction in bacteria

The genetic material of bacteria

This structure regulates the transport of materials into and out of the cell

Common bacterial plant pathogen in the philippines that produces yellow and mucoid colonies in ordinary culture media

Quiescent or latent infection is often associated with

In the absence of plants in field, fungal pathogens will not survive in

Who clearly demonstrated that fungi are the cause, and not the result of plant diseases?

If juveniles and adults are motile during all life cycle stages but may be either within or inside of roots, a plant parasitic nematode is called as

Education, quarantine, using certified planting materials, checking suspect materials before planting and clearing equipment are examples of what type of management of plant parasitic nematode:

In nematology, a variety is said to be resistant if it:

The early works of plant diseases due to viruses were based on the simple fact that they are

Which of the following is a barrier to virus movement through the plant?

Which life stage of the nematode will NOT be killed by a systemic nematicide?

The most important group of vectors of plant viruses, both in terms of number of the viruses they transmit and the economic importance of the diseases these viruses cause, is/are the following except:

The early definitions of a virus mentioned which of the following characteristics?

A virus that does NOT persist in its insect vector

An example of a disease due to lack of oxygen

A unique air pollutant that can cause premature senescence

A disease which is aggravated by the presence of root knot nematode

Which of the following is not caused by a fungus?

Crop loss assessment methods may be done using any of the following EXCEPT:

Some pathogens produce either host-selective toxins or non-host-selective toxins to be able to successfully infect living plant cells. Which of the following is a host selective toxin produced by plant pathogen?

These are a structurally diverse group of proteins produced by the plant that are toxic to plant pathogens. One example is chitinase, which is toxic to invading fungal pathogens.

You were required to leave at the airport the planting materials you carried from abroad. What principle of plant disease control was applied?

Race-specific resistance is also called

The phenomenon wherein genetically susceptible plants do not become infected because the three factors necessary for disease (susceptible host, virulent pathogen, and favorable environment) do not coincide and interact at the proper time or for sufficient duration.

Ralstonia solanacearum, the pathogen for bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops cause disease to plants through this:

The first report of insect transmission of a plant virus in the country dates back to 1926 when Gerardo O. Ocfemia reported transmission of a plant virus by Pentalonia nigronervosa. What is the particular virus disease?

Refers to the possesion of both functional male and female reproductive organ

Refers to the quantitative amount of disease that an isolate of a given pathogen can cause in a given group of plants in terms of size of lesions or number of lesions

The following are the climatic factors except one, which can cause symptoms that may br confused with crop damages brought about by pests and pathogens