Animal nutrition

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問題一覧

Any feed constituent or group of feed constituents that aids in the support of life is nutrient. It may include:

all of the above

Digestion is the breaking down of feed particles into suitable products for absorption

All of the above

Absorption is the transfer of substance from gastro-intestinal tract to the circulatory system

Villi increase surface area for absorption

Fats are insolubie in water but soluble in organic solvents. Yield more energy than carbohydrates or proteins.

2.25 times

Fats are classified as simple, compound or derived lipids. Wnen hydrolyzed will yield:

Phospholipids and glycerol

Fats tunstion as source of essential fatty acids, such as.

Linoleic and linolenic acid

Deficiency or abnormal metabolism of fats may result to:

Ketosis

Absorption involves the movement of the basic units from areas of high concentration to area of low concentration

Water is absorbed in the large intestine

Feed is any material of nutritive value fed to animais for the purpose of sustaining them

Ground corn

Proteins are basically large molecules and are made up of amino acids. Amino acids are either essential or non-essential

Essential amino acids must be supplied in the diet because the animal cannot synthesize them at the rate they are required

Metabolism is a combination of anabolic and catabolic reactions occurring in the body with the liberation of energy.

It occurs after glucose, amino acids, vitamins and minerals have been absorbed into the blood.

Water is the cheapest and most abundant nutrient

Makes up to 65-85% of animal body weight at birth & decreases with maturity

Water accounts for 90-95% of blood and many tissues contain 70-90% water. Which of the following statement is not true about water.

Present in feeds as metabolic water

Carbohydrates make up approximately ¾ of plant dry weight and make up the largest part of animals food supply

Made up of C (40%), H (7%) and 0 (53%) by molecular weight

Macrominerals are normally present at greater level in animal body and are needed in relatively large amount in the diet. Examples of macrominerals are:

Ca and P

Trace minerals are normally present at lower level in animal body and they are required by the animal in minute amount. Examples of trace minerais are:

Cu and n

Mineral that play important roles in the skeletal formation and maintenance, and thus, found in the bones and teeth.

Calcium

Minerals occur largely in the fluids and soft tissues to maintain osmotic pressure and asid-based equilibrium.

Na, K and Cl

Crude protein is composed of true proteins and any nitrogenous Using Kjeldahl method, crude protein is equivalent to:

%N x 6.25

Protein quality refers to the amount and ratio of essential amino acias present in protein feed. Which of the following is not true.

Corn has higher protein quality than skimmilk

Vitamin E is a biological antioxidant

All of the above

Poultry are extremely sensitive to vitamin E deficiency. Deficiencies of vitamin E may produce:

All of the above

Vitamin K functions in the blood coagulation system

Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of prothrombin and other plasma clotting factors

Vitamins are organic compounds of natural food but distinct from carbohydrates, fats, proteins and water. Water soluble vitamins include:

Thiamine and riboflavin

Fat soluble vitamins are stored in appreciable amount in the animal body. However, excess amount of fat soluble vitamins is not excreted in the urine Examples of fat soluble vitamins are:

Vitamin A and E

Vitamin A heips maintain normal vision in dim light. Extreme vitamin A deficiency may lead to night blindness. Such condition is called:

Xeropthalmia

Vitamin D aids in assimilation and utilization of calcium and phosphorus. Lack of vitamin D results to deficiency of calcium and phosphorus which is characterized by enlarged joints, bowed legs, knocked knees and beaded ribs. In adult animais, such condition is called:

Osteomalacia

Biotin is necessary for gluconeogenesis and fatty acid synthesis particularly in carboxylation reactions. Clinical signs of biotin deficiency inciude:

All of the above

Folic acid is indispensable in the formation of amino acids and nucleic acids

Functions in the one-carbon metabolism

Niacin acts as an active group of different coenzymes which are citric acid cycle

As constituent of nicotinamide adenine dinusleotide (NAD)

Pantothenic acid functions as CoA and as acy: carrier protein in the body. Signs of deficiency includes

Goose-stepping gait in swine

Thiamin functions as coenzyme in energy metabolism particularly in the transketolation process. Deficiency of thiamin produces:

All of the above

Ribofiavin functions as a part of fiavorotein which is involved in the metabolism of amino acids, fatty acids and carbohydrates. Deficiency of riboflavin results to:

Curled-toe paralysis in birds

Pyridoxine as a coenzyme form of pyridoxal phosphate is involved in large number of physiological functions. Be is involved in the conversion of:

Tryptophan to nicotinic acid

Vitamin containing cyanide group attached to the cobait atom which is responsible for the name cyanocobalamin

B12

Choline serves as a source of labile methyl groups which facilitates transmethylation reaction. Choline deficiency causes:

Slipped tendons in chickens and turkeys

Lack of vitamin C is characterized by swollen, bleeding, ulcerated gums, loose teeth; malformed and big joints and fragility of the capillaries with resulting hemorrhages through the body. Such conditions is called:

Scurvy

Utilization of minerals is influenced by several factors such. as:

All of the above

In young animals lack of caicium results to eniarged joints, soft and deformed bones. Such condition is called:

Rickets

Ideal ratio of calcium and phosphorus in the diet for monogastric animals

1:1 - 2:1

Macromineral found in amino acids, cystine and methionine and in vitamins, biotin and thiamine

Sulfur

Micromineral essential for the formation of enzymes related to oxygen transport and utilization

Iron

lodine plays role in the production of tyroxine by the thyroid gland. Deficiency in iodine

Goiter

Trace mineral that is component of the vitamin B12 molecule

Farm animals are classified according to type of GI tract, Ruminants include:

Cattle, pigs and chicken

Non-ruminants are simple stomach animals such as:

Pig, horse and rabbit

Ruminants have only one true gastric stomach but with additional compartments which evolved for fiber digestion. The true gastric stomach equivalent in non-ruminants is:

Abomasum

Conditions in the rumen responsible for a significant pregastric fermentation

All of the above

It is one of the compartments of stomach in ruminants which is round muscular organ containing many muscular laminae and sometimes calied manyplies or "libro"

Omasum

Controlied vomiting where the ingesta is regurgitated back up to the esophagus and swallowed again for additional remastication.

Rumination

It corresponds to the true stomach in non-ruminants and is the site of HCI and pepsin production in the bird

Proventriculus

For absorption to occur, nutrients must be broken down to very smail molecules. The basic unit of carbohydrate is:

Glucose

After a mechanical breakdown, salivary amylase hydrolyzes nutent to their basic units

Starch to maltose

Enzymes produced by pancreas are secreted into the duodenum. Which of the following is not true

Pepsin hydrolyses protein to peptides and amino acids

Which of the following is not an end product of fiber digestion in ruminants

Palmitic acid

Feedstuff is generally synonymous with feed except that it is of natural or artificial origin that has nutritional value when properly added. Examples) of feedstuff is (are):

Fish meal

Roughages are plant materials which contain greater than 18% CF. These* feeds are suited for animals such as:

Carabao

Fiber content of a feedstuff is the first consideration in classifying the feeds into different feed groups. Low-fiber feeds include:

Protein feeds

Protein feeds are relatively rich in protein so that when added to cereal grains will improve performance of the animal. The CP content of protein feeds is:

More than 20%

Which of the following is not a concentrated source of mineral elements

Di-methionine

Roughages/torages are classified as either succuient, or dry roughages and as crop residues. Succulent roughages include:

Soilages

Has high available energy and can replace 100% of the corn in swine and poultry ration but it contains hydrocyanic acid which limits its usefulness as animal feed.

Cassava

May be used effectively to repiace 75% of cereal grains. unpalatabie due to its tannin content.

Sorghum

Composed of outer layer of wheat kernel. It has lower energy but higher protein than rice bran.

Wheat bran

Which of the following is not a concentrated source of energy.

Peanut meal

Animal protein containing 80-85% CP but low in isoleucine. It is commonly used as by-pass protein in ruminants.

Blood meal

Has the highest nutritive value among plant protein sources. Normally contains 42-48% CP, low in S-containing amino acids and variably low in lysine.

Soybean meal

ipil-ipil leaf meal contains mimosine which limits its usefuiness as animal feed. Fresh cassava tubers contain:

Hydrocyanic acid

Animal proteins are very rich in lysine but usually limiting in sulfur containing amino acids such as:

Cystine

Peanut meal contains trypsin inhibitor as do many legumes and they may be contaminated with molds producing toxin. The most commonly known mycotoxin in peanut meal is:

Aflatoxin

Cottonseed meal is a good source of protein (41% CP) but contains antinutritional factor.

Gossypol

Feed additives) used to improve the digestibility of some feedstuffs under certain conditions

Enzymes

The protein content of soya meal is influenced by several factors such as:

Method of oil extraction

The feeding value of fishmeal is affected by

Nature of raw materials

Most abundant organic matter on earth

Carbohydrates

Predominant nutrient in the body of animals

Protein

The sweetest disaccharide

Sucrose

The sweetest monosaccharide

Fructose

the most digestible polysaccharide

Starch

Main carbohydrate source of ruminants

Cellulose

Storage form of carbohydrate in the body

Glycogen

Nitrogenous compounds made up of amino acids

Proteins

Main basic unit of fats and oils

Fatty acid

Chemical substances in feed which support life

All of the above

Main protein source of ruminants

Microbial protein

Breakdown of feed nutrients to their basic units

Digestion

Main energy source of nor-ruminants

Starch

One kilogram corn with 8.5% CP is equivalent to:

85 grams CP

A farmer has plenty of yellow corn (8.5% CP) and soya meal (44% CP). How much soya meal will be needed for a 100 kg mixture containing 14% CP?

15.49

A 100kg ration is deficient in metabolizable energy of 100 kcal. How much coco oil (8600 kcal/kg) be needed to supplement the deficiency?

1.20 kg

A 100kg ration is deficient in methionine. How much di-methionine (90%) be added to supplement the .25% deficiency?

.28%

A manufacturer recommended incision rate for a vitamin premix is 5 kg per ton of feed. How much vitamin premix will be added to 100 kg feed

0.5 kg

Most limiting amino acid in soybean meal

Methionine

End-product of carbohydrate digestion in ruminants

Volatile fatty acids

Amino acids which cannot be synthesized at the rate needed by the body.

All of the above

Fat soluble vitamin synthesized by the microfiora of the digestive system of herbivores

How much CP will a 50 kg soybean meal provides if it contains 48% CP?

24 kg

Mineral content of limestone

36% Ca

Mineral content of tricalcium phosphate

24% Ca, 11% P

100

Good quality rice bran D1 contains how much CP?

12 - 13.5% CP

CLSU

CLSU

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clsu test question

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