Digestive and Gastrointestinal Function

87問 • 9ヶ月前

Sean

通報

問題一覧

a pathway 7:00 to 7.9 m in length that extends from the mouth to the anus

GI tract

this is a collapsible tube about 25 cm in length and becomes distended when food passes through it

esophagus

it is the one that controls the entrance of foods and other substances in esophagus to the stomach

diaphragmatic hiatus

it is 1.500 ml capacity and has four anatomic regions

stomach

it is the inlet to the stomach

gastroesophageal junction

what are the four anatomic regions

CFBP

-it is the longest segment of the GI tract for about 2/3 of the total length - it folds back and forth

small intestine

what are the three anatomic parts of the small intestine

DJI

it allows for passage of both bile and pancreatic secretions empties into the duodenum at the ampulla of vater

common bile duct

it is the junction between the small and large intestine -located in the right lower portion of the abdomen

cecum

-controls the passage of intestinal contents into the large intestine -prevents reflux of bacteria from the large into the small intestine

ileocecal valve

it consists of: -segments that are ascending, transverse, and descending -sigmoid colon -rectum

large intestine

what are the five large veins of the portal venous system

SMIMGASC

these are supplied to the stomach by the gastric artery to the intestine but the mesenteric arteries

oxygen and nutrients

it is drained from this organs by veins that merge with others in the abdomen to form a large vessel called a portal vein

blood

it is carried to the liver

nutrient rich blood

what are the autonomic nervous systems

sympathetic and parasympathetic

it does inhibitory effect on the GI tract decreasing gastric secretions and motility causing the sphincters and blood vessels to constrict

sympathetic nerves

it causes peristalsis and increases secretary activities

parasympathetic nerves stimulation

it relaxes under the influence of parasympathetic stimulation

sphincters

what are the major functions of the GI tract

breakdown, absorption, and elimination

food is broken down into small particles that can be swallowed and mixed with a digestive enzymes

chewing

what are the three pairs of glands that secret saliva

PSS

it is the first secretion that comes contact with the food

saliva

saliva contains blank

-enzyme ptyalin -salivary amylase

it is the swallowing center of the central nervous system

medulla oblongata

it moves to cover the tracheal opening and prevent aspiration of food into the lungs

epiglottis

it propels the bolus of food into the upper esophagus thus and as a reflex action

swallowing

it stores and mixes food with secretions, secrets a highly acidic fluid in response to presence or anticipated ingestion

stomach

what makes the stomach acidic

hydrochloric acid

it is the enzyme responsible for initiating protein digestion

enzyme pepsin

propels its contents towards the pylorus

peristaltic contractions

what do you call a food mixed with gastric secretions

chyme

it controls the rate of gastric secretions and influence gastric motility

hormones, neural regulators, local regulators

what are the accessory digestive organs

PLGG

what are the enzymes that pancreas secrets

trypsin, amylase, lipase

this enzyme aids in digesting protein

trypsin

this enzyme digest starch

amylase

this enzyme aids in digesting fats

lipase

it is secreted by the liver stored in the gallbladder - this aids in emulsifying ingested fats making them easier to digest

bile

the intestinal gland secrets what

MEHE

pancreatic juice

1 l per day

bile

.5 l per day

glands of the small intestine

3 l per day

within 4 hours after eating residual waste materials passes into the terminal ileum and passes slowly into the proximal portion of the colon through the

ileocecal valve

this makes up a major component of the contents of the large intestine and assist in completing the breakdown of waste material, especially and digested or an absorbed proteins and bile salts

bacteria

this consist of undigested foodstuffs in organic materials, water, and bacteria

feces

what are the gases inside GI tract

MHA

it is controlled by the autonomic nervous system

internal sphincter

it is under the conscious control of the cerebral cortex

external sphincter

what are the factors to consider when assessing pain in the GI tract

CDPFLDT

upper abdominal discomfort or distress associated with eating

indigestion

tends to cause most discomfort because they remain in the stomach longer than proteins or carbohydrates

fatty foods

this may also cause considerable GI distress

salad coarse vegetables and highly season food

accumulation of gas energy attracted may result in the expulsion of gas from the stomach through the mouth

belching

expulsion of gas from the rectum

flatulence

-develop to evaluate carbohydrate absorption -used to treat in the diagnosis of bacterial overgrowth and understand and short vowel syndrome

hydrogen breath test

used to test colorectal CA

carcinoembryonic antigen

used to diagnose malabsorption

D-xylose absorption test

used to detect malignant cells

exfoliative cytology

used to detect GI bleeding

guaiac stool exam

used to assess steatorrhea

stool for lipids

measures secretion of HCI and pepsin

gastric analysis

increase in HCI

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome Duodenal ulcer

decrease in HCI

gastric cancer pernicious anemia

used to assess if chest pain is related to gastroesophageal reflux

Bernstein test (acid perfusion test)

use for plain X-ray of the abdomen

scout film of the abdomen

used to visualize the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum

UPPER GI SERIES/BARIUM SWALLOW

used to visualize the colon

LOWER GI SERIES/BARIUM ENEMA

uses beam of radiation to access cross sections of the body

computed tomography

produces cross-sectional images of organs by using magnetic fields

magnetic resonance imaging

direct visualization of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum

upper gastric intestinal endoscopy

proctosigmoidoscopy

lower gastrointestinal endoscopy

what are the types of GI tube

levin tube salem stump tube miller abott tube cantor tube sengstaken blakemore tube

compresses the bleeding varices

esophageal balloon

anchor the tube sengstaken blakemore tube

gastric balloon

what are the purposes of NGT insertion

provide feeding irrigates stomach decompression administer medications administer supplemental fluids (PIDAA)

what are the common problem of tube feeding

vomiting aspiration diarrhea constipation hyperglycemia abdominal distension (VADCHA)

what what are the purpose for enema administration

relieve constipation relieve flatulence administer medication lower body temperature evacuate feces (RRALE)

stimulates peristalsis by irritating the colon and rectum and by distending the intestine with the volume of fluid

cleansing enema

cleans as much of the colon as possible with 1 l of solution

High enema

cleanse the rectum and sigmoid colon with only 500ml

low enema

used to expel flatus with 60 to 180 ml fluid

carmenative enema

used to flush flatus with 100 to 200 ml of fluid

return flow irrigation

introduces oil into the rectum and sigmoid colon to soften feces and lubricate rectum

retention enima

it is done when enema is not drained adequately

siphoning enema

imitation of lips associated with scaling, crusty fissure, white overgrowth of horny layer of epidermis

actinic cheilitis

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問題一覧

a pathway 7:00 to 7.9 m in length that extends from the mouth to the anus

GI tract

this is a collapsible tube about 25 cm in length and becomes distended when food passes through it

esophagus

it is the one that controls the entrance of foods and other substances in esophagus to the stomach

diaphragmatic hiatus

it is 1.500 ml capacity and has four anatomic regions

stomach

it is the inlet to the stomach

gastroesophageal junction

what are the four anatomic regions

CFBP

-it is the longest segment of the GI tract for about 2/3 of the total length - it folds back and forth

small intestine

what are the three anatomic parts of the small intestine

DJI

it allows for passage of both bile and pancreatic secretions empties into the duodenum at the ampulla of vater

common bile duct

it is the junction between the small and large intestine -located in the right lower portion of the abdomen

cecum

-controls the passage of intestinal contents into the large intestine -prevents reflux of bacteria from the large into the small intestine

ileocecal valve

it consists of: -segments that are ascending, transverse, and descending -sigmoid colon -rectum

large intestine

what are the five large veins of the portal venous system

SMIMGASC

these are supplied to the stomach by the gastric artery to the intestine but the mesenteric arteries

oxygen and nutrients

it is drained from this organs by veins that merge with others in the abdomen to form a large vessel called a portal vein

blood

it is carried to the liver

nutrient rich blood

what are the autonomic nervous systems

sympathetic and parasympathetic

it does inhibitory effect on the GI tract decreasing gastric secretions and motility causing the sphincters and blood vessels to constrict

sympathetic nerves

it causes peristalsis and increases secretary activities

parasympathetic nerves stimulation

it relaxes under the influence of parasympathetic stimulation

sphincters

what are the major functions of the GI tract

breakdown, absorption, and elimination

food is broken down into small particles that can be swallowed and mixed with a digestive enzymes

chewing

what are the three pairs of glands that secret saliva

PSS

it is the first secretion that comes contact with the food

saliva

saliva contains blank

-enzyme ptyalin -salivary amylase

it is the swallowing center of the central nervous system

medulla oblongata

it moves to cover the tracheal opening and prevent aspiration of food into the lungs

epiglottis

it propels the bolus of food into the upper esophagus thus and as a reflex action

swallowing

it stores and mixes food with secretions, secrets a highly acidic fluid in response to presence or anticipated ingestion

stomach

what makes the stomach acidic

hydrochloric acid

it is the enzyme responsible for initiating protein digestion

enzyme pepsin

propels its contents towards the pylorus

peristaltic contractions

what do you call a food mixed with gastric secretions

chyme

it controls the rate of gastric secretions and influence gastric motility

hormones, neural regulators, local regulators

what are the accessory digestive organs

PLGG

what are the enzymes that pancreas secrets

trypsin, amylase, lipase

this enzyme aids in digesting protein

trypsin

this enzyme digest starch

amylase

this enzyme aids in digesting fats

lipase

it is secreted by the liver stored in the gallbladder - this aids in emulsifying ingested fats making them easier to digest

bile

the intestinal gland secrets what

MEHE

pancreatic juice

1 l per day

bile

.5 l per day

glands of the small intestine

3 l per day

within 4 hours after eating residual waste materials passes into the terminal ileum and passes slowly into the proximal portion of the colon through the

ileocecal valve

this makes up a major component of the contents of the large intestine and assist in completing the breakdown of waste material, especially and digested or an absorbed proteins and bile salts

bacteria

this consist of undigested foodstuffs in organic materials, water, and bacteria

feces

what are the gases inside GI tract

MHA

it is controlled by the autonomic nervous system

internal sphincter

it is under the conscious control of the cerebral cortex

external sphincter

what are the factors to consider when assessing pain in the GI tract

CDPFLDT

upper abdominal discomfort or distress associated with eating

indigestion

tends to cause most discomfort because they remain in the stomach longer than proteins or carbohydrates

fatty foods

this may also cause considerable GI distress

salad coarse vegetables and highly season food

accumulation of gas energy attracted may result in the expulsion of gas from the stomach through the mouth

belching

expulsion of gas from the rectum

flatulence

-develop to evaluate carbohydrate absorption -used to treat in the diagnosis of bacterial overgrowth and understand and short vowel syndrome

hydrogen breath test

used to test colorectal CA

carcinoembryonic antigen

used to diagnose malabsorption

D-xylose absorption test

used to detect malignant cells

exfoliative cytology

used to detect GI bleeding

guaiac stool exam

used to assess steatorrhea

stool for lipids

measures secretion of HCI and pepsin

gastric analysis

increase in HCI

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome Duodenal ulcer

decrease in HCI

gastric cancer pernicious anemia

used to assess if chest pain is related to gastroesophageal reflux

Bernstein test (acid perfusion test)

use for plain X-ray of the abdomen

scout film of the abdomen

used to visualize the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum

UPPER GI SERIES/BARIUM SWALLOW

used to visualize the colon

LOWER GI SERIES/BARIUM ENEMA

uses beam of radiation to access cross sections of the body

computed tomography

produces cross-sectional images of organs by using magnetic fields

magnetic resonance imaging

direct visualization of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum

upper gastric intestinal endoscopy

proctosigmoidoscopy

lower gastrointestinal endoscopy

what are the types of GI tube

levin tube salem stump tube miller abott tube cantor tube sengstaken blakemore tube

compresses the bleeding varices

esophageal balloon

anchor the tube sengstaken blakemore tube

gastric balloon

what are the purposes of NGT insertion

provide feeding irrigates stomach decompression administer medications administer supplemental fluids (PIDAA)

what are the common problem of tube feeding

vomiting aspiration diarrhea constipation hyperglycemia abdominal distension (VADCHA)

what what are the purpose for enema administration

relieve constipation relieve flatulence administer medication lower body temperature evacuate feces (RRALE)

stimulates peristalsis by irritating the colon and rectum and by distending the intestine with the volume of fluid

cleansing enema

cleans as much of the colon as possible with 1 l of solution

High enema

cleanse the rectum and sigmoid colon with only 500ml

low enema

used to expel flatus with 60 to 180 ml fluid

carmenative enema

used to flush flatus with 100 to 200 ml of fluid

return flow irrigation

introduces oil into the rectum and sigmoid colon to soften feces and lubricate rectum

retention enima

it is done when enema is not drained adequately

siphoning enema

imitation of lips associated with scaling, crusty fissure, white overgrowth of horny layer of epidermis

actinic cheilitis