Transmits and interpret visual stimuli

Located at eye orbit

Specialized to detect light

external structures of the eye

Surrounds and protects the eyes

6 ocular muscles

Moves the eyes horizontal and vertical

rotate the eyes in circular movements

Elastic folds that protects the anterior eyeballs

distributes tears, prevents evaporation and drying of the surface epithelium

oil secreting embedded in the eyelids

produces tears thru secretory ducts(located at the upperlids outer canthus)

Small opening at the inner canthus(directs tears to the lacrimal sac)

Directs tears to the nose

Lubricates, clean, protects the ocular surface

Transparent avascular structure with a brilliant,shiny surface thats acts to bend and direct(refract) rays of light to the retina

Fibrous protective coating which is white and dense

Thin transparent layer of mucous membrane that lines and covers the eyeball

Middle vascular layer of the eye that furnishes blood to the retina

Thin pigmented diaphragm with central aperture, the pupil

Produces and secretes aquenous humor

a clear alkaline fluid between the iris and cornea

Is maintained as long as there is balance between the aquenous production and outflow

posterior segment of the uveal tract

a biconvex, avascular, colorless, and transparent structure tp focus light to the retina

the change of focus from distant to near

a clear avascular jelly like structure

the largest cavity in the eye

A thin semitransparent layer of nerve tissue that forms the innermost lining in the eyes

2 types of retina receptors

function best in dim light

provides resolution of small visual angles and responsible for color vision

Nourished by the capillaries of the choroid layer

Located at the posterior eye and transmits visual impulses from the retina to the brain

the head of the optic nerve

the head of the optic nerve can be seen by blank

Decreased flexibility and elasticity leads to a decrease or lost of accomodation

Aids in the distortion of colors, diminishes the ability of the person to adapt to dim light and darkness

Decrease in lens transparency or increased opaqueness of the lens

irregular curvature of the cornea, causing distorted or blurred image

aquenous humor is filtered out through the blank into the blank

instruments used in measuring intraocular fluid pressure

a method of measuring into ocular fluid pressure with the use of calibrated instruments

pressures between blank are considered within normal range

this test assess eye muscle strength and cranial nerve function

deviation turn downward

deviation turned upward

deviation away from the nose

deviation toward the nose

it's a constant deviation of ocular alignment

an eye disorder in which eye axes cannot be directed to the same object

asymmetrical reflection is abnormal and may indicate what

determines eye alignment

how to test accommodation

observing one pupil while the penlight is shined on the opposite pupil

should be constrict briskly and even

bring the pen light in from the side to shine directly over the center of the pupil

indicate that nerves are intact

is performed to assess the function of the fifth cranial nerve

defined as 20/200 or less with corrected vision

has results of 20/30 or greater (nearsightedness)

The client is able to read a 20 ft

traditionally measured at a distance of 20 ft

the standard and routine method used to determine the clarity of ocular media and the function of visual pathway

May occur with mild corneal irritation

a sign of an allergic response

indicates glaucoma, inflammation,muscle spasm, or infection

caused by foreign body

non-specific complaints include eye strain, pulling, pressure, fullness, our generalized headache

maybe caused by minor irritation, subconjunctival hemorrhage, inflammatory disorders, infection, allergy and trauma

double vision

may occur in one eye or both cost by refractive correction, muscle imbalance or neurologic disorders

May represent normal vitreous body strands or the pathology presence of blood pigment or anti-inflammatory cells

May indicate retinal detachment or migraine

result from uncorrected refractive error scratches on glosses, dilated pupils, or cataracts

drooping eyelid

visual changes or loss of vision may be caused by abnormalities such as

Most common chief complaint

it is an eye disorder characterized by increased in intraocular pressure and visual field loss

it is a crystal clear fluid, and fills anterior and posterior chambers of the eye

what are the classifications of glaucoma

it is a multi-factorial disorder that is often genetically determined, bilateral, insidious in onset, slow to progress, and most common form

it is often referred as "thief in the night" because no early clinical manifestation is present

aqueous humor is load or stop because obstruction by the blank

an acute attack of angle-closure glaucoma can develop only in an eye which the anterior chamber angle is anatomically narrow

the attack occurs because of a sudden blockage of the anterior chamber angle by the base of the iris

this is irreversible due to compression and damage of the retina and optic nerve

blockage to the circulation of aqueous humor maybe secondary to what

The loss of peripheral vision

medications used to promote aqueous flow and reduce intraocular pressure

acts by constricting the pupil and draw the smooth muscle of the iris away from the schlemm's canal for the aqueous humor to drain out

suppress secretion of aqueous humor

reduce and inhibit the production of aqueous humor

recommended with medical therapy fails to help the progression of visual loss and optic nerve damage

use of laser to create an opening in the trabecular meshwork

it is the creation of an opening through which the aqueous fluid escape

most common glaucoma surgery which allows drainage of aqueous humor

surgical removal of part of the iris, frequently performed in the treatment of close angle glaucoma

in glaucoma avoid what

signs of infection in glaucoma