Exam research

100問 • 9ヶ月前

問題一覧

data gathering technique that makes you verbally ask the subjects or respondents questions to give answers to what your study is trying to look for

interview

list of all questions you plan to ask

interview schedule

requires interview schedule or list of questions answerable with one and only item from set of alternative

structured

respondents answer the questions based on what they personally think and feel about it

unstructured

there is a list of questions with options. Respondents choose from the choices and make them explain the reasons behind their choices

semi structured

only one is interviewed, when the interviewer does not want others to hear her responses

individual interview

ask questions to a group of people at the same time the group takes turn in answering the questions

focus group interview

no face to face interview but through electronic communication devices such as telephones,mobile phones, emails, etc

mediated interview

talk through E communication and see each other

synchronous mediated interview

persons are interviewed through e-communication only

asynchronous mediated interview

what are the steps in conducting the interview

1.getting to know each other 2.having an idea of the research 3. starting the interview 4. conducting the interview proper 5. putting an end to the interview 6. pondering over interview

what are the strengths of interviews

1. response rates are high 2. interviewing has a wider application 3. questions are less likely to be misinterpreted 4. interviewers can produce additional information through observation 5. more appropriate for complex situation 6. useful for collecting in-depth information 7. questions can be explained

what are the disadvantages of interview

1. time consuming and expensive 2. quality of data depends upon the quality of the interaction 3. quality of data depends upon the quality of the interviewer 4. quality of data may vary when many interviewers are used 5. researchers may introduce bias

what to do before an interview

1.introduce self 2.purposes 3.inform how they were chosen 4.duration (BIPID)

what to do during an interview

1.comfortable atmosphere 2.unnecessary noises avoid 3.language understood 4.conversational tone 5.no right and wrong 6.sensitive questions last (DCULCNS)

what to do after the interview

1.ask if they have questions 2. thank you 3.indicate how to study result be obtained

The possible responses are not given

Open ended questions

the possible answers are set out in the questionnaire or schedule and respondents or the investigators takes the category that best describes the respondents answer

closed question

what are the advantages of open-ended questions

1.provides in depth information 2.allows respondents to express themselves freely

what are the disadvantages of open-ended questions

1.analysis is more difficult 2. greater chance of interviewer bias

what are the advantages of close ended question

1.provide ready-made categories 2. responses are easier to analyze

what are the disadvantages of close-ended questions

1. lacks depth and variety 2. greater possibility of investigator bias

researcher personally watch, interact or communicate with the subjects

observation

The observer who is the researcher takes part in activities of the individual or group being observed

participant observation

The researcher detaches from the sample or subjects of the study

non-participation

to observe secretly, subjects don't see nor feel your presence or converse

covert

divulge things about the research to the participants

overt

The researcher can see or listen to everything that happens in the area of observation

Direct observation

also called behavior archaeology to observe traces of past events to get information or a measure of behavior, trait, quality of the subject

indirect observation

what are the important dimensions of observation

1.focus of the observation 2. concealment 3. duration 4. method of recording (FCDM)

behavioral distortions owing to the known presence of an observer

reactivity

what are relevant aspects to observe

1.physical setting 2.participants 3.activities 4.frequency and duration 5.process 6.outcome PPAFPO

what are the observational locations

1.single position name 2.multiple position 3.mobile positioning

mean staying in a single location for a period to observe transactions in that location

single positioning

involves moving around the side to observe behaviors from different locations

multiple positioning

involves following a person throughout a given activity or period

mobile positioning

a daily record of events and conversations

field diary

broader and more interpretative, represents the observer's efforts to record information and to synthesize and understand the data

field notes

what are the categories of field notes

1.descriptive notes 2.reflective notes 3.theoretic notes 4.methodologic notes 5.personal notes (DRTMP)

are objective descriptions of events and conversations, and the context within which they occurred

descriptive notes

document researches personal experiences, reflections, and progress in the field, and serve a number of different purposes

reflective notes

document interpretive efforts to attach meaning to observations

theoretic notes

reminders about how subsequent observation should be made

methodologic notes

are comments about the researchers own feelings during the research process

personal notes

objective descriptions of events and conversations

observational notes

observers may prefer certain sections of the scale

elevation effect

observer rates an individual on one aspect of the interaction influences the way he rates the individual on another aspect of interaction

halo effect

the observer may decide to record his observation using categories

categorical recording

recorded on video tape or other electronic devices then analyzed

recording on electronic devices

methods provide a mechanism for obtaining representative examples of the behaviors being observed

observational sampling

involves the selection of time periods during which observations will occur

time sampling

researchers select the integral behaviors or events to observe

event sampling

observing a group and its natural operation rather than intervening

natural observation

introducing a stimulus to the group for it to react and observing the reaction

controlled observation

this technique is used to analyze primary or secondary sources that are already available

documentary analysis

involves collection of physical data from the subjects

bio physiological measures

are those performed directly within or on living organisms such as blood pressure, body temperature, and vital capacity

in vivo

data are gathered from participants by extracting biophysiologic material from them and subjecting it to analysis by specialized laboratory technicians

in vitro measure

also known as mental measurements, psychological instruments, psychometric test, inventories are standardized measures of a particular psychological variable such as personality, intelligence, emotional functioning

psychological test

what are the four primary types of psychological testing

clinical interview assessment of IQ personality assessment behavioral assessment (CAPB)

provides guidelines for the responsible conduct of research

research ethics

who are the skateholders in research

-The research participants -The researcher - The funding body

what are the code of ethics

Nuremberg code declaration of Helsinki American nurse association American sociological association American psychological association (NDAAA)

served as the basis for regulations affecting research sponsored by federal government

Belmont report

what are the three ethical principles

beneficence, respect for human dignity, justice

means to do good

beneficence

means above all do no harm

non maleficence

what are the principle of beneficence

1.freedom from harm 2. freedom from exploitation 3. benefits from research 4. the risk benefit ratio (FFBR)

what are the principle of respect for human dignity

1. right to self-determination 2. right to full disclosure 3. issues relating to the principle of respect

participants right to fair treatment and their right privacy

principle of justice

what are the principles of justice

1.the right to fair treatment 2. the right privacy

participants have the right to fare an equitable treatment before during and after participation

right to fair treatment

participants have the right to expect that any data they provide will be kept in strictest confidence

the right to privacy

occurs when even the researchers cannot link participants to their data

anonymity

implemented when anonymity is impossible

confidentiality procedures

participants have adequate information regarding the research, are capable of comprehending the information, and have the power of free choice, enabling them to consent or decline participation

informed consent

researchers continually renegotiate the consent, allowing participants to play a collaborative role in the decision making process

process consent

what are the elements of informed consent

1.title of the study 2.researcher and credentials 3.study population 4.purpose of study 5.study procedures and steps 6.potential risk 7.potential benefits (TRSPSPP)

what are the vulnerable subjects

1.children 2.mentally or emotionally disabled people 3.physically disabled people 4.the terminally ill 5.institutionalized people 6. pregnant women CMPTIP

making up data or results and recording or reporting them

fabrication

manipulating research materials or changing data results such as research is not accurately represented in the research record

falsification

The appropriation of another person's ideas, processes, results, or other words without giving appropriate credit

plagiarism

what are the research misconducts

fabrication falsification plagiarism

self report measures to assess the difference in personality traits, needs or values of people

personality inventories

the most common psychometric test devised to access personality traits and psychopathology

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

a scale designed to detect exaggerated concern over one's health that is unsupported by medical authority

hypochondriasis

The related question concern low morale, overall the satisfaction in life, and an absence of hope for the future

depression

a scale the tracks the five aspects of a person

hysteria

scale that points to difficulty with family and authority figures. also gauges feelings of alienation from self and society as well as boredom

psychopathic deviate

this scale measures how much a person abides by stereotypical masculine and feminine values and roles

masculinity/ femininity

this scale identifies aspect of personality, such as grandiose thinking, suspicion toward other people and rigid thinking

paranoia

this scale gauges a persons ability to resist certain thoughts or behaviors

psychasthenia

this scale identifies tendencies towards bizarre thoughts and social alienation

schizophrenia

this scale identifies unhealthy over activity expressed as excitement, elevated and unstable mood, and long string of ideas

hypomania

this scale gauges social introversion

social introversion

a test to show your basic needs and how they are overcome

human needs of EPPS

what are the human needs of Edward personal preference schedule

achievement deference exhibition order autonomy affiliation interception succorance dominance nurturance change endurance heterosexuality aggression ADEOSIADANCEHA

subjects are presented with stimuli that are designed to be ambiguous with no definite meaning

projective technique

The test consists of a series of 10 symmetrical blots where the subject states what they see

Rorschach inkblot test

100

given with set of pictures about which subjects are asked to tell a story according to what they see and think is happening

thematic apperception test

Ms- eye disorders

Ms- eye disorders

Ms- eye disorders P2

Ms- eye disorders P2

MS- Ear

MS- Ear

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Sean · 100問 · 11ヶ月前

Psychia- Foundations of psychiatric mental health nursing

Research 1st quiz

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68問 • 11ヶ月前

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Digestive and Gastrointestinal Function

Sean · 87問 · 9ヶ月前

Digestive and Gastrointestinal Function

Exam research part 2

Exam research part 2

MS pre final

MS pre final

Ms quiz may 1

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PSYCHIA QUIZ

PSYCHIA QUIZ

QUIZ PSYCHIA

QUIZ PSYCHIA

Quiz ms2

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Quiz ms2

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問題一覧

data gathering technique that makes you verbally ask the subjects or respondents questions to give answers to what your study is trying to look for

interview

list of all questions you plan to ask

interview schedule

requires interview schedule or list of questions answerable with one and only item from set of alternative

structured

respondents answer the questions based on what they personally think and feel about it

unstructured

there is a list of questions with options. Respondents choose from the choices and make them explain the reasons behind their choices

semi structured

only one is interviewed, when the interviewer does not want others to hear her responses

individual interview

ask questions to a group of people at the same time the group takes turn in answering the questions

focus group interview

no face to face interview but through electronic communication devices such as telephones,mobile phones, emails, etc

mediated interview

talk through E communication and see each other

synchronous mediated interview

persons are interviewed through e-communication only

asynchronous mediated interview

what are the steps in conducting the interview

1.getting to know each other 2.having an idea of the research 3. starting the interview 4. conducting the interview proper 5. putting an end to the interview 6. pondering over interview

what are the strengths of interviews

what are the disadvantages of interview

what to do before an interview

1.introduce self 2.purposes 3.inform how they were chosen 4.duration (BIPID)

what to do during an interview

1.comfortable atmosphere 2.unnecessary noises avoid 3.language understood 4.conversational tone 5.no right and wrong 6.sensitive questions last (DCULCNS)

what to do after the interview

1.ask if they have questions 2. thank you 3.indicate how to study result be obtained

The possible responses are not given

Open ended questions

the possible answers are set out in the questionnaire or schedule and respondents or the investigators takes the category that best describes the respondents answer

closed question

what are the advantages of open-ended questions

1.provides in depth information 2.allows respondents to express themselves freely

what are the disadvantages of open-ended questions

1.analysis is more difficult 2. greater chance of interviewer bias

what are the advantages of close ended question

1.provide ready-made categories 2. responses are easier to analyze

what are the disadvantages of close-ended questions

1. lacks depth and variety 2. greater possibility of investigator bias

researcher personally watch, interact or communicate with the subjects

observation

The observer who is the researcher takes part in activities of the individual or group being observed

participant observation

The researcher detaches from the sample or subjects of the study

non-participation

to observe secretly, subjects don't see nor feel your presence or converse

covert

divulge things about the research to the participants

overt

The researcher can see or listen to everything that happens in the area of observation

Direct observation

also called behavior archaeology to observe traces of past events to get information or a measure of behavior, trait, quality of the subject

indirect observation

what are the important dimensions of observation

1.focus of the observation 2. concealment 3. duration 4. method of recording (FCDM)

behavioral distortions owing to the known presence of an observer

reactivity

what are relevant aspects to observe

1.physical setting 2.participants 3.activities 4.frequency and duration 5.process 6.outcome PPAFPO

what are the observational locations

1.single position name 2.multiple position 3.mobile positioning

mean staying in a single location for a period to observe transactions in that location

single positioning

involves moving around the side to observe behaviors from different locations

multiple positioning

involves following a person throughout a given activity or period

mobile positioning

a daily record of events and conversations

field diary

broader and more interpretative, represents the observer's efforts to record information and to synthesize and understand the data

field notes

what are the categories of field notes

1.descriptive notes 2.reflective notes 3.theoretic notes 4.methodologic notes 5.personal notes (DRTMP)

are objective descriptions of events and conversations, and the context within which they occurred

descriptive notes

document researches personal experiences, reflections, and progress in the field, and serve a number of different purposes

reflective notes

document interpretive efforts to attach meaning to observations

theoretic notes

reminders about how subsequent observation should be made

methodologic notes

are comments about the researchers own feelings during the research process

personal notes

objective descriptions of events and conversations

observational notes

observers may prefer certain sections of the scale

elevation effect

observer rates an individual on one aspect of the interaction influences the way he rates the individual on another aspect of interaction

halo effect

the observer may decide to record his observation using categories

categorical recording

recorded on video tape or other electronic devices then analyzed

recording on electronic devices

methods provide a mechanism for obtaining representative examples of the behaviors being observed

observational sampling

involves the selection of time periods during which observations will occur

time sampling

researchers select the integral behaviors or events to observe

event sampling

observing a group and its natural operation rather than intervening

natural observation

introducing a stimulus to the group for it to react and observing the reaction

controlled observation

this technique is used to analyze primary or secondary sources that are already available

documentary analysis

involves collection of physical data from the subjects

bio physiological measures

are those performed directly within or on living organisms such as blood pressure, body temperature, and vital capacity

in vivo

data are gathered from participants by extracting biophysiologic material from them and subjecting it to analysis by specialized laboratory technicians

in vitro measure

psychological test

what are the four primary types of psychological testing

clinical interview assessment of IQ personality assessment behavioral assessment (CAPB)

provides guidelines for the responsible conduct of research

research ethics

who are the skateholders in research

-The research participants -The researcher - The funding body

what are the code of ethics

Nuremberg code declaration of Helsinki American nurse association American sociological association American psychological association (NDAAA)

served as the basis for regulations affecting research sponsored by federal government

Belmont report

what are the three ethical principles

beneficence, respect for human dignity, justice

means to do good

beneficence

means above all do no harm

non maleficence

what are the principle of beneficence

1.freedom from harm 2. freedom from exploitation 3. benefits from research 4. the risk benefit ratio (FFBR)

what are the principle of respect for human dignity

1. right to self-determination 2. right to full disclosure 3. issues relating to the principle of respect

participants right to fair treatment and their right privacy

principle of justice

what are the principles of justice

1.the right to fair treatment 2. the right privacy

participants have the right to fare an equitable treatment before during and after participation

right to fair treatment

participants have the right to expect that any data they provide will be kept in strictest confidence

the right to privacy

occurs when even the researchers cannot link participants to their data

anonymity

implemented when anonymity is impossible

confidentiality procedures

participants have adequate information regarding the research, are capable of comprehending the information, and have the power of free choice, enabling them to consent or decline participation

informed consent

researchers continually renegotiate the consent, allowing participants to play a collaborative role in the decision making process

process consent

what are the elements of informed consent

1.title of the study 2.researcher and credentials 3.study population 4.purpose of study 5.study procedures and steps 6.potential risk 7.potential benefits (TRSPSPP)

what are the vulnerable subjects

1.children 2.mentally or emotionally disabled people 3.physically disabled people 4.the terminally ill 5.institutionalized people 6. pregnant women CMPTIP

making up data or results and recording or reporting them

fabrication

manipulating research materials or changing data results such as research is not accurately represented in the research record

falsification

The appropriation of another person's ideas, processes, results, or other words without giving appropriate credit

plagiarism

what are the research misconducts

fabrication falsification plagiarism

self report measures to assess the difference in personality traits, needs or values of people

personality inventories

the most common psychometric test devised to access personality traits and psychopathology

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

a scale designed to detect exaggerated concern over one's health that is unsupported by medical authority

hypochondriasis

The related question concern low morale, overall the satisfaction in life, and an absence of hope for the future

depression

a scale the tracks the five aspects of a person

hysteria

scale that points to difficulty with family and authority figures. also gauges feelings of alienation from self and society as well as boredom

psychopathic deviate

this scale measures how much a person abides by stereotypical masculine and feminine values and roles

masculinity/ femininity

this scale identifies aspect of personality, such as grandiose thinking, suspicion toward other people and rigid thinking

paranoia

this scale gauges a persons ability to resist certain thoughts or behaviors

psychasthenia

this scale identifies tendencies towards bizarre thoughts and social alienation

schizophrenia

this scale identifies unhealthy over activity expressed as excitement, elevated and unstable mood, and long string of ideas

hypomania

this scale gauges social introversion

social introversion

a test to show your basic needs and how they are overcome

human needs of EPPS

what are the human needs of Edward personal preference schedule

achievement deference exhibition order autonomy affiliation interception succorance dominance nurturance change endurance heterosexuality aggression ADEOSIADANCEHA

subjects are presented with stimuli that are designed to be ambiguous with no definite meaning

projective technique

The test consists of a series of 10 symmetrical blots where the subject states what they see

Rorschach inkblot test

100

given with set of pictures about which subjects are asked to tell a story according to what they see and think is happening

thematic apperception test