Ear is divided by 3 parts

The external ear is divided into

separates the external ear from the middle ear

collect sound waves and directs them toward the auditory meatus

Direct sound waves to the tympanic membrane

protects the middle ear and conduct sound vibrations from the external ear to the ossicles

Middle ear

what are the three small bones of the ossicles

mechanically transmit sound waves from the tympanic membrane through the oval window to the inner ear

opening in the inner ear from which sound vibration exit

opening in the inner ear into which sound vibrations enter

in lined with mucous membrane that provides air passage from the nasopharynx to the middle ear

air-filled spaces that aid the middle ear in adjusting to changes in pressure

contains the sense organs for hearing and balance which form the eight cranial nerves (acoustic and vestibulocochlear nerve)

rigid capsule which surrounds and protects the membranous labyrinth

connects the cochlea to the 3 semicircular canals, function in the sense of balance

contains auditory receptors which functions in hearing

function in the sense of balance

contains receptor cells for hearing

membranous labyrinth is composed of blank

organ of static equilibrium

the end organ of hearing

function in dynamic equilibrium

a gradual sensorineural loss caused by nerve degeneration in the inner ear or auditory nerve, a type of hearing loss that is associated with aging

accumulates in the external ear contributes to hearing loss especially in low frequency range

what are the most common chief complaints of the ear

May occur suddenly or gradually, it may be sensorineural, or CNS disorders

maybe perceived as feeling of fullness in the ear, as a result of related problems of the nose, sinuses, oral cavity, or pharynx

can be bloody(sanguineous),clear(serous), mixed(serosanguinous) or contain pus(purulent), may also be accompanied by an odor

maybe reported as high pitch or low pitch, loud, and persistent

maybe accompanied by vertigo or dizziness

what are the classifications of hearing loss

it involves interference with the conduction of sound impulses through the external auditory canal, the eardrum of the middle ear

it is validated by rinne test

results from disease or trauma to the inner ear or acoustic nerve

it is validated by weber's test

involves both conduction and sensorineural hearing loss

give me five assessment in a client with hearing loss

is a sensation of motion while the person is not moving or the client may feel he or she or the room is moving

it's a sensation of unsteadiness and a feeling of movement within the head or lightheadedness

it is used to assess the conduction of sound through the bone

The sound is heard equally in both ears by bone conduction

in one ear the sound is heard in the unaffected ear

The sound is heard better in the affected ear

compares air conduction to bone conduction and helps to differentiate conductive from sensorineural hearing loss

air conduction is greater than bone conduction

The client hears better by air conduction

bone conduction sounds louder

The examiner covers one ear with the palm of the hand then whispers softly two syllables from a distance of 1 to 2 ft

a person can correctly repeat what was whispered

test for vestibular ache

assess the inner ear for balance

if the patient loses balance this is a blank

it is the single most important diagnostic tool in detecting hearing loss

it is performed to measure hearing comprehension

an electronic instrument used to test hearing by producing sounds of varying pure tone frequencies and loudness

the responses are plotted on a graph called

ranges from minor difficulty in understanding the words or hearing certain sounds to total deafness

results from the interference of sound transmission through the external ear and middle ear

caused by impairment of the function of the inner ear, eight cranial nerve, or the brain

a device designed to improve hearing which provides amplification to gather sound energy and directed to the air canal

a group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear, most common in children

what are the two main types of otitis media

an ear infection of abrupt onset that usually present with ear pain lasting for less than 6 weeks

a feeling of fullness and define ass the presence of non-infectious fluid in the middle ear for more than 3 months

fluid in the middle ear frequently causes conductive hearing impairment

middle ear inflammation greater than 2 weeks that results in episodes of discharge of the ear "purulent otorrhea"

ear pain

an incision into the tympanic membrane which fluid is removed by suction to relieve pressure and pus

swimmer's ear

an inflammation of the ear canal

characterized by accumulation of the endolymph in the inner ear

endolymph burst from its normal channels in the year and flows into areas, causing damage

reduce vertigo, nausea and vomiting, during an episode by suppressing vestibular activity

prescribe to increase sodium excretion through urine

relieve nausea and vomiting by inhibiting medullary chemoreceptor triggers

to control vertigo

an abnormal growth of the bone near the middle ear which can result in hearing loss

a procedure where the mobile part of the stapes is removed and the hole is made in the fixed foot plate

it is placed in the hole and cook around the incus to restablish a sound transmission

a normal substance produced in the external ear

can block sound from reaching the tympanic membrane