Improvement and Control Traits

61問 • 1年前

Yami

通報

問題一覧

To genetically control animal traits as well as disorders, one must first determine if they are inherited

True

Transmitted from generation to generation without skipping

Autosomal dominant

Inheritance of a disorder may skip generations

Autosomal recessive

Affected males when mate to normal females transmit disorder to all their daughters but none to their sons

X-linked dominant

If disorder is common, affected females when mated to normal males transmit the disorder to an average of 1/2 of their sons and 1/2 of their daughters

X-linked dominant

If the disorder is rare its incidence in females is approximately twice than in males

X-linked dominant

Incidence is lower in females than in males

X-linked recessive

Most affected individuals are males

X-linked recessive

Affected males when mated to normal unrelated females transmit the disorder to none of their offspring, but all their daughters are carriers

X-linked recessive

Affected females when mated to normal males transmit the disorder to all their sons, but daughters are carriers

X-linked recessive

Selection is practiced for only one trait at a time until satisfactoy improvement has been made in this trait

Independent culling method

Selection may be practiced for 2 or more traits at a time

Tandem method

A minimum standard is set that an animal must meet in order to be saved for breeding purposes

Tandem method

Gives a total score for all the traits

Selection index

Mating of animals that are more closely related or more alike

Inbreeding

Mating of animals that are less alike or less closely related

Outbreeding

Proportion of identical genes that two animals have because they are members of the same family

Relationship

Exist between individuals and ancestors and between individuals and descendants

Direct relationship

Exist between the individuals due to genetic contribution of a common ancestor

Collateral relationship

If parents are related, their progeny are inbred

True

Mating of closely related animals that can be traced to more than one common ancestor

Intensive inbreeding

Relative being mated are chosen because of a particular common ancestor

Linebreeding

Increases the number of pairs of genes that exist in the homozygous state

Inbreeding

Does not increase the number of recessive alleles in the population

Inbreeding

Negative effects of inbreeding

Inbreeding depression

Increase homozygosity of favorable genes

Inbreeding

Mating of unrelated animals within the same breed or from two different lines of the same breed

Linecrossing

Mating of animals from two different breeds

Breedcrossing

Mating of purebred sires to commercial grade females

Grading up

Least common form of outbreeding

Species cross

Selected number of males are mated to selected number of females within a herd/flock

Random mating

Increases the proportion of genes that are heterozygous

Outbreeding

When unrelated animals are mated, their progeny tend to perform better

True

Advantage observed in outbreeding

Hybrid vigor

Bio-technique where embryos are collected from the donor females and transferred inyo the uterus of recipients which serves as a forster mother

Embryo transfer technology

Allows the dissemination of genetics of highly proven female which involves superovulation

Multiple ovulation embryo transfer

Involves flushing fluids to pass into the uterus and at the same time allows fluids to pass to be returned from the uterus to a collecting receptacle

Non-surgical method

Considered to results in fewer adhesions than tranditional surgery

Laparoscopy

A small syringe fitted with 21 gauge needle is used to make the transfer

Surgical method

Process of deciding which animals will remain in the herd to become parents of the next generation

Selection

Select a breed or breed combination or strain that is most common in the country

True

Start preferably with purebred

False

Consider the market outlet and consumers’ preference

True

Start evaluating or selecting potential breeding animals when they are

2-3 months old

Bases of selection

Physical selection, Performance

Strong legs, long body, good body conformation

Physical selection

Mothering ability, average daily gain, backfat thickness

Performance

Select replacement gilt with at least 6 pairs of well developed teats

True

Yes to inverted nipples

False

Select gilt with a short body to accommodate the suckling pigs while nursing

False

Removal of undesirable animals in terms of economically important traits and overall performance

Culling

Culling must be based on reproductive performance and physical appearance of the animals

True

Boars with difficulty in mounting for no apparent reason

Culling

Boars with poor semen quality

Culling

Gilts that do not come into heat after 10 months of age

Culling

Sows with poor maternal instinct and mothering ability

Culling

Boars with no physical deformities and hereditary defects

Selection

Has strong limbs and pasterns

Selection

With backfat of about 2cm at 90kg

Selection

Cow that calves every one and a half to two years

Culling

Cow that has a rectangular frame

Selection

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問題一覧

To genetically control animal traits as well as disorders, one must first determine if they are inherited

True

Transmitted from generation to generation without skipping

Autosomal dominant

Inheritance of a disorder may skip generations

Autosomal recessive

Affected males when mate to normal females transmit disorder to all their daughters but none to their sons

X-linked dominant

If disorder is common, affected females when mated to normal males transmit the disorder to an average of 1/2 of their sons and 1/2 of their daughters

X-linked dominant

If the disorder is rare its incidence in females is approximately twice than in males

X-linked dominant

Incidence is lower in females than in males

X-linked recessive

Most affected individuals are males

X-linked recessive

Affected males when mated to normal unrelated females transmit the disorder to none of their offspring, but all their daughters are carriers

X-linked recessive

Affected females when mated to normal males transmit the disorder to all their sons, but daughters are carriers

X-linked recessive

Selection is practiced for only one trait at a time until satisfactoy improvement has been made in this trait

Independent culling method

Selection may be practiced for 2 or more traits at a time

Tandem method

A minimum standard is set that an animal must meet in order to be saved for breeding purposes

Tandem method

Gives a total score for all the traits

Selection index

Mating of animals that are more closely related or more alike

Inbreeding

Mating of animals that are less alike or less closely related

Outbreeding

Proportion of identical genes that two animals have because they are members of the same family

Relationship

Exist between individuals and ancestors and between individuals and descendants

Direct relationship

Exist between the individuals due to genetic contribution of a common ancestor

Collateral relationship

If parents are related, their progeny are inbred

True

Mating of closely related animals that can be traced to more than one common ancestor

Intensive inbreeding

Relative being mated are chosen because of a particular common ancestor

Linebreeding

Increases the number of pairs of genes that exist in the homozygous state

Inbreeding

Does not increase the number of recessive alleles in the population

Inbreeding

Negative effects of inbreeding

Inbreeding depression

Increase homozygosity of favorable genes

Inbreeding

Mating of unrelated animals within the same breed or from two different lines of the same breed

Linecrossing

Mating of animals from two different breeds

Breedcrossing

Mating of purebred sires to commercial grade females

Grading up

Least common form of outbreeding

Species cross

Selected number of males are mated to selected number of females within a herd/flock

Random mating

Increases the proportion of genes that are heterozygous

Outbreeding

When unrelated animals are mated, their progeny tend to perform better

True

Advantage observed in outbreeding

Hybrid vigor

Bio-technique where embryos are collected from the donor females and transferred inyo the uterus of recipients which serves as a forster mother

Embryo transfer technology

Allows the dissemination of genetics of highly proven female which involves superovulation

Multiple ovulation embryo transfer

Involves flushing fluids to pass into the uterus and at the same time allows fluids to pass to be returned from the uterus to a collecting receptacle

Non-surgical method

Considered to results in fewer adhesions than tranditional surgery

Laparoscopy

A small syringe fitted with 21 gauge needle is used to make the transfer

Surgical method

Process of deciding which animals will remain in the herd to become parents of the next generation

Selection

Select a breed or breed combination or strain that is most common in the country

True

Start preferably with purebred

False

Consider the market outlet and consumers’ preference

True

Start evaluating or selecting potential breeding animals when they are

2-3 months old

Bases of selection

Physical selection, Performance

Strong legs, long body, good body conformation

Physical selection

Mothering ability, average daily gain, backfat thickness

Performance

Select replacement gilt with at least 6 pairs of well developed teats

True

Yes to inverted nipples

False

Select gilt with a short body to accommodate the suckling pigs while nursing

False

Removal of undesirable animals in terms of economically important traits and overall performance

Culling

Culling must be based on reproductive performance and physical appearance of the animals

True

Boars with difficulty in mounting for no apparent reason

Culling

Boars with poor semen quality

Culling

Gilts that do not come into heat after 10 months of age

Culling

Sows with poor maternal instinct and mothering ability

Culling

Boars with no physical deformities and hereditary defects

Selection

Has strong limbs and pasterns

Selection

With backfat of about 2cm at 90kg

Selection

Cow that calves every one and a half to two years

Culling

Cow that has a rectangular frame

Selection