DRRR

62問 • 1年前

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it indicates the extent of expected risk areas at home and community and can be combined with disaster management information such as evacuation sites, evacuation routes, and so forth

hazard maps

classification of disasters

natural disaster man-made disaster

a sudden calamitous occurrence that causes great harm, injury, destruction, and devastation to life and property

disaster

caused by natural forces, such as earthquakes, typhoons, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, fires, tornados etc.

naturAL disaster

elements of risk

1.hazard 2.vulnerability 3.exposure

the probability of experincing a certain intensity of hazard

hazard

the susceptibility to damage of the assets exposed to the forces generated by the hazard

vulnerability

the stock of property and infrastructure exposed to a hazard

exposure

factors which underlie disasters

1.climate change 2.environmental degradation 3.globalized economic development 4.poverty and inequality 5.poorly planned and managed urban development 6.weak governance

the alteration of the world's climate that we human are causing

climate change

the detoriation of the environment through depletion of resources

environmental degradation

results in an increased polarization between the rich and poor on a global scale

globalized economic development

effects of natural disaster on human

1.displaced populations 2.health risks 3.food scarcity 4.emotional aftershock

different perspectives of disaster

1.physical 2.psychological 3.socio-cultural 4.economic 5.political 6.biological

a state of being at risk

vulnerability

not all individuals exposed to hazards are equally vulnerable due to differences in factors like population density near a hazardous event, and capacity and efficiency to reduce disaster risk.

exposure and vulnerability

refers to the number of individuals living in an area in relation to the size of an area.

population density

a community that is less vulnerable has the capacity to reduce disaster risk because it can provide accessibility and availabity of services and facilities during and after, and anticipate, adapt, and respond to possile disasters

capacity and efficiency

it encompasses factors such as the fragility of infrastructure, expose to hazards, and the capacity to withstand or recover from physical impacts

physical vulnerability

it encompasses aspects of social structure, community cohesion, and the distribution of resources that influence resilience and coping capacities

social vulnerability

it encompasses vulnerabilities related to income, employment, wealth distribution, and economic resilience

economic vulnerability

it encompasses vulnerabilities associated with changes in environmental conditions, ecosystem services, and the capacity to adapt or mitigate environmental risks

environmental vulnerability

steps to reduce exposure to hazards

1.prevention 2.mitigation 3.adaptation

steps that can be taken to eliminate hazards or exposure to the hazrads

pevention

steps that can be taken to reduce the hazards or exposure and/or vulnerability of the elements exposed to the hazard

mitigation

modifications in the normal or natural behavior aimed at reducing the exposure and/or vulnerability to the hazard

adaptation

steps in hazard identification and risk assessment

1.identify the hazards 2.assess the risks 3.make changes 4.check the changes made

any agent in a workplace, can be an object or procedure that can cause potential harm.

hazard

refers to the potential harm a hazard can cause

risk

a way to determine which hazards and risks should be prioritized by taking into consideration the probability and severity of impact

risk assessment

a vibration of the earth produced by the rapid release of energy within the lithosphere

earthquake

the tendency for the deformed rock along a fault to spring back after an earthquake

elastic rebound

an earthquake that occurs sometime soon after a major erathquake

aftershock

a device used to record the motion of the ground during an earthquake

seismograph

primary effects are permanent features an earthquake can bring out

earthquake hazards

seismic vibration is a common triggering mechanism for _______

landslide

a huge sea wave triggered by a violent displacement of the ocean floor.

tsunamis

it is caused by vibration or saturation with water which causes the soil to decrease in density.

liquefaction

most commonly used methods of reducing earthquake risks

1.effective recording and interpretation of ground motion 2.constructing seismic hazard maps 3.developing resistant structures

disruptive up, down, and sideways vibration or movement of the ground during an earthquake.

ground shaking

occurs when one side of the ground goes up or down

vertical displacement

happens when there is lateral movement from side to side

horizontal displacement

downslope movements of rocks and other debris commonly triggered by strong shaking

earthquake-induced landslide

sinking or settling of the ground surface due to various causes, such as extraction of groundwater and natural gas, mining, and earthquakes

earthquake-induced ground subsidence

are very important because it provides us with information to help not only our family members but also other people understand the risks of natural hazards and to help mitigate disasters

hazard maps

one of the most dangerous events that may happen because it results in different hazrads such as ballistic projectiles, ash fall etc.

volcanic eruption

observable facts that are arising due to volcanic activity such as eruption

volcanic hazard

rock fragments that are ejected from the volcano's mouth that are comparable to cannonballs.

ballistic projectile

rare minute volcanic particles such as pulverized rock, minerals, and silicon which have fine to coarse grain

ash fall or tephra fall

contain a highly-density mix of hot lava blocks, pumice, ash, and volcanic gases

pyroclastic flows

are streams of molten rocks that are poured or oozed from an erupting vent

lava flows

magma contains dissolved gases which provide the driving force that causes most volcanic eruptions.

volcanic gases

massive collapse of a volcano, usually triggered by an earthquake or volcanic eruption

debris avalanche or volcanic landslide

parameters used to monitor volcanoes

1.gorund deformation 2.seismic activity 3.gases 4.sensory observations

any surface changes on a volcano; often use of satellite imaging which results in less exposure on the ground or safer for volcanologists.

ground deformation

when magma rises up, it breaks rock along the way.

seismic activity

monitor types and rate of emission of different gases; concentrations of gases are sometimes high enough to create acid rain that kills vegetation around the volcano

gases

intensified presence of steam; drying up of vegetation, wells/spring/lake; crater glow at the mouth of the volcano

visual

a volcano that has had at least one eruption during the past 10,000 years.

active volcano

an active volcano that is having an eruption

erupting volcano

an active volcano that is not eruptng but is supposed to erupt again

dormant volcano

has not had an eruption for at least 10,000 years and is not expected to erupt again in a comparable time scale in the future

extinct volcano

reviewer

Gerry Anne Malijan · 74問 · 2年前

reviewer