問題一覧
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different properties
particulate nature, physical and chemical properties, and extensive and intensive properties
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can be separated by physical means into pure substances
mixtures
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can he separated by chemical means into elements
compounds
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can combine chemically to form compounds
elements
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Anaximenes
air
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thales of miletus
water
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Heraclitus
fire
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Empedocles
earth, water, air, and fire
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states that all things from the same type have the same proportions of the elements that compose them
law of constant proportions
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Leucippus and Democritus 5 principles
1. all matter is made up of atoms that are too tiny. 2. atoms are in constant motion around an empty space called void. 3. atoms are completely solid. 4. atoms are uniform with no internal structure. 5. atoms come in different sizes and shapes.
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popularized atomism, the philosophy that matter is amde up of atoms
epirucus
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tha amount of matter
mass
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space it occupies
volume
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brought about by absorbing or releasing an amount of energy into or out of matter
phase changes
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ice turns to liquid water
melting
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addition of heat changes liquid water into vapor
vaporization
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turns the water vapor into liquid water
condensation
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liquid into ice
freezing
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solid to gas
sublimation
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reverse process of sublimation
deposition
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4th state of matter.formed by ionizing a gas
plasma
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produced when clouds of bosons is cooled to temperature ver close to absolute zero
Bose Einstein condensate
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British chemist and physicist who discovered the element thallium in 1861
sir william crookes
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can be observed with an accompanying change in the chemical composition of a substance
chemical property
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can be observed without changing tha composition of a substance
physical property
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substances that are chemically unreactive with other substances
inert
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simplest type of matter that is composed of only one kind of atom
elements
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cellular respiration
oxygen
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basic building blocks of most cells
carbon
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as water, which comprises in the body fluids
hydrogen
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composed of 2 or more elements combined chemically in definite proportions
compounds
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particles in an compound are held together by faces of attraction
chemical bond
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occurs between metal and a non metal
ionic bond
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occurs when a group of metal atoms shares a cloud of valence electrons
mattalic bonding
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composed of a uniform composition of particles
homogeneous
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homogeneous mixture of substances and can be physically combined in varying proportions
solution
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the substances that gets dissolved
solute
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the one that does the dissolving
solvent
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multi-phase substances in a non-uniform composition
heterogeneous
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used in mixtures of liquids and heavy insoluble solids
decantation
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method used to seperate components of different degrees of solubility using a moving stationary fluid
chromatography
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seperates miscible liquids of different boiling points such as ethyl alcohol and water
distillation
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it indicates how close a measurements is to the true or accepted value
accuracy
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are expressed as exact whole number
counted items
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it refers to the closeness of measurement within a set of data
precision
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are exact numbers but are not always whole number
defined relations
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those that are obtained from reading measuring devices
measured numbers
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is the curvature, either convex or curvature
meniscus
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more commonly used in science than the english system
metric system
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also known as "factor units method"
dimensional analysis
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the force exerted on a mass by gravity
weight
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accurate to 3 decimal places
analytical balance
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accurate to 2 decimal places
top loading balances
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accurate to 1 decimal place in grams
triple beam balance
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the quantity of matter packed into a unit volume of material
density
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are those that can be attributed to definite causes
systematic error
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are caused by non ideal chemical or physical behavior of the reaction system
method error
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are caused by incompetence of the experimentor
operative/personal error
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are caused by failures or imperfections of the measuring device
instrumental errors
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are inherent to the measuring apparatus
random error
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are rhose that are severe enough or the measurements or the entire analysis altogether has to be separated
gross error
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he is known as the father of modern chemistry
antoine lavoisier
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he discovered the elctron while studying the nature of cathode rays
joseph john thompson
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he discovered the x-ray
wilhelm conrad roentgen
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radioactivity of uranium
henri becquerel
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discovered and describe alpha and beta ray as positively and negatively charged radiations
Ernest Rutherford
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former student of Rutherford
james chadwick
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energy required to remove an electron from the atom
ionization energy
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opposite of ionization energy
electron affinity
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ability of atoms to hold electrons tightly
electronegativity
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metal tends to lose electrons and become positively charged
cations
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nonmetals on the other hand, gain electrons and become negatively charged
anions
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the number of electrons lost or gained
charged number
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substituted with a sulfur atom
polyatomic ions