Pr2 midterms

46問 • 1年前

問題一覧

systematicallyinvestigates observable phenomenausing numerical data analyzed throughstatistical methods. It primarily tests hypotheses and explores relationships among variables, employing technique like Pearson's r, t-tests, ANOVA, and multiple regression.

Quantitative research

goals of quantitative research

Test hypotheses - Explore causal relationships - Make predictions - Generalize findings to larger populations

characteristics of quantitative

-Typically involves larger, randomized samples, enhancing generalizability. - Lower subjectivity compared to qualitative methods.

strengths of quantitative research

Findings are replicable and generalizable. - Can establish causality and make predictions. - Faster data analysis with statistical software. - Less demanding data-gathering techniques. - Validity and reliability are measurable.

weaknesses of quantitative

-Lacks depth in complex phenomena. - Inadequate for comprehensive descriptions of human experiences. - Numerical data may overlook intangible factors. - Limited flexibility in study design. - Responses may be constrained and self-reports can be biased.

Describes characteristics of a population or phenomenon.

descriptive

Examines the relationship between two or more variables.

correlational

Investigates potential causes after an event has already occurred. Key Words: After-the-fact, causality, impact.

Ex post facto

Tests cause-and-e ect relationships without random assignment.

quasi-experimental

Establishes cause and e ect using controlled conditions. Key Words: Control, randomization, intervention.

experimental

importance of quantitative research in different fiels

socilogy business health science education government and public policy

Helps understand the societal impacts on organizations and individuals.

sociology

Supports decision-making by analyzing data like consumer behavior, employee satisfaction, and market trends.

business

Aids in assessing the e ectiveness of treatments and interventions through statistical analysis.

health sciences

Evaluates teaching methods, student performance, and program success rates.

education

Informs policy decisions by analyzing public opinion and economic data.

government and public policy

factors to consider in identifying and selecting your research topic

relevance interest manageability available resources technical knowledge

Must relate to the needs of the audience or daily life importance.

relevance

The topic should interest both you and your readers.

interest

It should be within your abilities and time limits.

manageability

Sufficient references must be available.

available resources

Avoid highly technical, recent, or controversial topics that may lack resources or o end people.

technical knowledge

Based on the general question, they aid in data collection and organization, addressing significant variables.

specific research question

Derived from the main research problem, using terms like e ects or relationship. Avoid factual questions (who, when, where).

general research question

Defines the boundaries of your research

scope and delimitation of the study

summarizes previous research and shows what your study aims to accomplish.

background of the study

Provides general information and the study’s aims.

background

Supports the background with detailed studies and evidence, focusing on current trends and past research findings.

literature

Present statistics and studies relevant to the topic at local, national, and international levels.

trends

Highlight current problems supported by literature and legal frameworks.

issues

should justify the research and include trends, issues, objectives, and contributions to theory and practice. It can be written last, after completing the study. Use relevant literature to clarify trends and issues, while your own insights should inform the objectives and contributions.

introduction

This section sets the broader context for your research, explaining the topic's relevance, current practices, and the existing gap that your study addresses. Key elements include describing the research setting, identifying gaps, and explaining how your study fills those gaps.

background of the study

highlights the knowledge gap your study addresses. It can be short or detailed but must clarify the research focus

statement of the problem

The overall goal of the research

general research statement

Derived from the general statement, these help organize the research and its outcomes.

specific research question

testable prediction about the relationship between variables.

research hypothesis

Suggests no relationship between variables

null hypothesis

Proposes a relationship exists. It can be directional (positive/negative relationship) or non-directional.

alternative hypothesis

Kinds of hypothesis in terms of direction

1. Directional hypothesis 2. One-tailed test 3. Non-directional hypothesis 4. Two-tailed hypothesis

This section details the study’s contribution and beneficiaries, including academic fields, government, private organizations, and specific populations. It can be organized topically or in a list format.

significance of the study

Here, define the study's boundaries, including the topic, objectives, timeline, participant characteristics, and response formats.

scope and delimitation

Important terms must be clearly defined, especially if they have specific meanings in the study. Include both operational definitions (how terms are used in the study) and conceptual definitions (common or expert definitions). Arrange terms alphabetically and ensure clarity.

definition of terms

an academic text that summarizes and evaluates existing research on a specific topic. It helps identify gaps in knowledge, establishes the relevance of a study, and presents the theoretical frameworks that underpin research.

related literature and study

Functions of a Literature Review

1.Establishes Relevance 2. Identifies Research Gaps 3. Provides Background Information O erscontext about key concepts. 4. Presents Contradictions 5. Justifies Methodology 6. Develops Theoretical Frameworks Outlines the theories guiding the research.

three stages of writing a literature review

1. literature search 2.evaluation and analysis 3.drafting the review

A broad reference for defining concepts and guiding research.

theoretical framework

reviewer

Gerry Anne Malijan · 74問 · 2年前

reviewer