ucsp midterms

63問 • 1年前

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Derived from two Greek words “anthropus” and “logos,” which intensively studies humans and the respective cultures to which they were born and actively belong.

anthropology

The study of human beings through time and space in relation to physical character, environmental, social relations and culture.

anthropology

Father of Modern American Anthropology

franz boas

His study led to the doctrine of “historical particularism”; each society is considered to have a unique form of culture.

franz boas

Anthropology’s special research method. They are required to live with the subject of their study.

ethnography

SUBJECTS OF INQUIRY:

biological anthropology cultural anthropology linguistic anthropology archeology

Refers to the study of human origins. (genetic, base, evolutions, fossils, etc).

biological anthropology

It is the study of living people (religion, social system, language, clothing, foods, beliefs, traditions, etc.)

cultural anthropology

It is the study of language, its evolution, its connection to other languages and others.

linguistic anthropology

The study of dead culture, ancient, and human past through material remains.

archeology

Refers to the changes, modifications, and variation in the genetics inherited traits of biological populations from one generation to another

biological evolution

Changes or development in culture.

cultural evolution

Biological and cultural evolution are key concepts in the study of the origin of modern humans.

evolution

is the study of society, patterns of social interactions, social life, social change, social causes and consequences of human behavior

sociology

French Philosopher Mathematician • The person who “invented” sociology in 1842, by bringing together the Greek word “socius” or “companion” and the Latin word “logy” or “study.”

aguste comte

He saw the need for systematic science in studying society and in dealing with the solution of its basic problems

aguste comte

• does not exist in isolation. • product of society. • develops through social interaction.

CULTURE IS SOCIAL BECAUSE IT IS THE PRODUCT OF BEHAVIOR

• Every society has a culture of its own that differs from others (unique). • Cultural elements are not constant.

CULTURE VARIES FROM SOCIETY TO SOCIETY

• Culture is not something an individual alone can possess. • People of the same culture share the same cultural elements.

CULTURE IS SHARED

• cultural behaviors: shaking hands and saying thanks. • not all behaviors are learned, but most of them can be.

CULTURE IS LEARNED

• It is learned from others. • Many are handed down from the older generation, while others are handed up to elders.

CULTURE IS TRANSMITTED AMONG MEMBERS OF SOCIETY

• Ralph Linton called culture “the social heritage” of man. • No culture ever constant or permanent remains. • Subject to slow but constant variation and dynamic.

CULTURE IS CONTINUOUS & CUMULATIVE

• It provides opportunities for the satisfaction of our desires and needs. • It consists of the institutions where members of the society profess and strive to confirm.

CULTURE IS GRATIFYING & REALISTIC

• A belief that one culture is better than other cultures. • They compare, evaluate, judge people based on values and standards in ones own culture.

ethnocentrism

A belief that cultures are equally complex. • No superior or inferior culture. • Not biased

cultural Relativism

• Refers to reference for the foreign. • Exact opposite of ethnocentrism

xenocentrism

The fear of what is perceived as different, foreign or strange.

xenophobia

• It is a saying that “human has no contentment”

HUMAN CULTURAL EVOLUTION

DIFFERENT STAGES OF HUMAN CULTURAL EVOLUTION

1. Palaeolithic Period 2. Neolithic Period 3. Age of Metal

• Old Stone Age • People were nomads and able to use simple tools and weapons made of unpolished stone, the caves served as their shelter.

palaeolithic period

• New Stone Age • The neolithic revolution is also called as the first agricultural revolution • People depend on domesticated plants and animals

neolithic

• The use of metal such as copper, bronze, and iron. • The copper age, bronze age, and iron age

Age of Metal

1. Ancient State & Civilization 2. Modern State & Civilization

EARLY CIVILIZATION AND RISE OF THE STATE

One of the earliest states and civilizations was found in the Fertile Crescent.

Mesopotamian Civilization

> A Greek word for “Land between two rivers” which is often referred to as the cradle of civilization. It is the region of the Western Asia located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.

Mesopotamia

The first evidence of agriculture was also found. The first human civilizations were taking the earliest steps from hunter-gatherer society into settled community.

Fertile Crescent

Appeared as early 5000 years ago in Mesopotamia. Marked the end of Prehistory and the beginning of history.

History Writing

One of the first writing systems. It's one of the most important civilizations in the history of Mesopotamian culture.

Cuneiform

Govern and protect the people under its government. Military commanders eventually became monarch creating a new structure of government called a Dynasty

Mesopotamian Warrior-Gods

is a series of rulers descending from a single-family line.

Dynasty

> Egyptians called their king a pharaoh. The pharaoh was all powerful: He passed laws, He ruled the country, He owned most of the land, and He controlled trade and led the armies. Egyptians believed that the pharaohs were gods

Egyptian Civilization

• England • Spain • France

European State:

Henry VII won the War of the Roses In England, which led into what is known as the Tudor dynasty, and began the development of the English nation-state.

england

The Tudor monarchs ruled the Kingdom of England and the Lordship of Ireland (later the Kingdom of Ireland) for 118 years with five monarchs: Henry VII, Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary I and Elizabeth I.

england

In Spain in the year 1492, Spanish monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella took Spain back from the Muslim. It became the era of Spain as a global power

spain

Louis XIV of France created an absolute monarchy. France became the dominant power in Europe. When The French Revolution broke out, it created the modern French nation-state, which sparked nationalism around Europe.

france

is a form of government where the citizens of the nation have the power to vote.

Democracy

is a system where citizens choose government representatives among their citizens.

Representative democracy

is when the citizens form a governing body and vote directly on issues.

Direct democracy

limits the powers of government through the nation's constitution.

Constitutional democracy

Process of learning one's society and its culture one learns the culture's language, their roles in life, and what is expected from them.

socialization

agents of socialization

family school friends social media

Plays a crucial role in shaping your personality as well

social media

Process by which people learn the requirements of their surrounding culture and acquire values and behaviours appropriate оr necessary in that culture.

enculturation

both a conscious and an unconscious conditioning process.

enculturation

composed of two or more persons interacting with each other and guided by a set of norms

group

TYPES OF SOCIAL GROUPS

primary group secondary group in group out group reference group network

group of connected individuals, defined by their structure and function, allowing for collective achievements.

network

is a standard we use to compare ourselves

reference group

- do not belong

Out-group

- belonging to the same group

In Group

- larger, task-focused (e.g., Nation, Church Hierarchy, work teams, clubs).

Secondary Groups

- close, personal relationships (e.g., family, friends).

Primary Groups

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Gerry Anne Malijan · 74問 · 2年前

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