정보시스템론 개념 정리

96問 • 9ヶ月前

問題一覧

( ): Records of any facts and phenomena marked with numbers, symbols, pictures, or letters. ( ): Data that is processed for a specific purpose or use for an individual or organization. ( ): Information that has been generalized and proven through analysis to be true and understood. ( ): Knowledge gained, applied, and evaluated over time and used to make judgments on value.

Data: Records of any facts and phenomena marked with numbers, symbols, pictures, or letters (숫자, 기호, 그림 또는 문자로 표시된 모든 사실 및 현상의 기록.) Information: Data that is processed for a specific purpose or use for an individual or organization. (특정 목적이나 개인 또는 조직의 사용을 위해 처리된 데이터.) Knowledge: Information that has been generalized and proven through analysis to be true and understood. (분석을 통해 일반화되고 진실로 입증되어 이해된 정보.) Wisdom: Knowledge gained, applied, and evaluated over time and used to make judgments on value. (시간이 지남에 따라 얻고, 적용하고, 평가하여 가치 판단을 내리는 데 사용되는 지식.)

TWO FOUNDATIONAL PERSPECTIVES OF INFORMATION THEORY

1. Quantitative and Structural Perspective(aka the Physical Paradigm) 2. Process and Cognitive Perspective (aka the Cognitive Paradigm)

Quantitative and Structural Perspective

Based on the physical nature information as a static thing or object

Quantitative and Structural Perspective

This view focuses on information as the structural and measurable differences between objects

Quantitative and Structural Perspective

Informs Systems-Focused Information Research & Design

<DEFINITIONS OF INFORMATION > WHAT IS Focus on information as a message that changes the knowledge of the recipient

Communicatory or Semiotic Definitions

DEFINITIONS OF INFORMATION WHAT IS Focus on information as a meaningful representation of something which can yield knowledge if certain propositions are satisfied

Philosophical Definitions

<DEFINITIONS OF INFORMATION > WHAT IS Focus on information as a product of organizing processes.

Structural Definitions

<DEFINITIONS OF INFORMATION > WHAT IS Focus on information as a contextual artifact of social interaction and interpretation

Social Definitions

Which of the following are Buckland’s three definitions of information? (Choose all that apply) A. Information-as-memory B. Information-as-process C. Information-as-knowledge D. Information-as-relevance E. Information-as-thing

B. Information-as-process C. Information-as-knowledge E Information-as-thing

<Buckland’s Multi-type Definitions> When someone is informed, what they know is changed

Information-as-process

Buckland’s Multi-type Definitions ’Information’ is also used to denote that which is perceived in ‘information-as-process’”

Information-as-knowledge

Buckland’s Multi-type Definitions ’Information’ is also used attributively for objects, such as data and document that are referred to as ‘information’ because they are regarded as being informative

Information-as-thing

INFORMATION AS A RESOURCE 10

1. Non-consumption 2. Non-transferability 3. Non-splitting 4. Cumulative Effectiveness 5. Confidentiality 6. Openness 7. Individuality 8. Creditworthiness 9. Culture 10. Temporal and Intangible

Multiple Choice: "Characteristics of Information as a Resource" (Choose ALL that apply) A. Non-consumption B. Ownership transfer C. Confidentiality D. Cumulative effectiveness E. Physical destruction

✅ A. Non-consumption ✅ C. Confidentiality ✅ D. Cumulative effectiveness

Multiple Choice: "Characteristics of Information as a Resource" (Choose ALL that apply) A. Openness B. Splitting C. Shared ownership D. Temporal and intangible E. Uniform usefulness

Answer: ✅ A. Openness ✅ D. Temporal and intangible

Multiple Choice: "Characteristics of Information as a Resource"(Choose ALL that apply) A. Individuality B. Transferable like products C. Creditworthiness D. Always physical E. Culture

✅ A. Individuality ✅ C. Creditworthiness ✅ E. Culture

Multiple Choice: "Characteristics of Information as a Resource" (Choose ALL that apply) A. Non-transferability B. Non-splitting C. Disappears after use D. Individual relevance E. Always stored in one form

✅ A. Non-transferability ✅ B. Non-splitting ✅ D. Individual relevance

What is A collection and combination of elements that can be controlled or managed to facilitate the exchange or transfer information among the elements.

System:

what is to increase the effect or impact of the functions.

Purpose of a system

Characteristics of systems What is Consists of several elements identified with each other

Identity

Characteristics of systems What is Elements are linked to each other

Linkage

Characteristics of systems what is Elements must exchange information with each other

Exchange

Characteristics of systems what is Ability to control or adjust the connection for the exchange between elements

Controllability

Write down four conceptual types of systems. (vs.)

Deterministic vs. Probabilistic Systems Closed vs. Open Systems

CONCEPTUAL TYPES OF SYSTEMS what is "exact interactions between elements are known, allowing for accurate predictions given knowledge of the current state of the system."

Deterministic systems 원소 간의 exact 상호작용이 알려져 있어 정확성을 높일 수 있습니다 시스템의 현재 상태에 대한 지식을 바탕으로 한 예측

CONCEPTUAL TYPES OF SYSTEMS "some interactions between elements are known, but are not understood or reliable, resulting in forecasts or averages with certain degrees of error."

Probabilistic systems

CONCEPTUAL TYPES OF SYSTEMS "resources remain inside the system and there is no exchange with the external environment."

Closed systems

CONCEPTUAL TYPES OF SYSTEMS( "resources are exchanged between the system and the external environment."

Open systems

BASIC MODEL OF A SYSTEM (not information system) Fill in the diagram using these words: Input, Process, Output, Feedback [_____] ---> [_____] ---> [_____] ↖ ↙ [_____]

입력(input) → 처리(process) → 출력(output) → 피드백(feedback)

BASIC MODEL OF A SYSTEM(시스템의 기본 모델)

Input is some sort of resource, such as a request or data 입력: 요청 또는 데이터와 같은 일종의 자원 Process or Functions of a system may vary based on the desired outputs or specific purpose of the system 프로세스 또는 기능: 시스템의 원하는 출력 또는 특정 목적에 따라 다양할 수 있음 Output is the result of the process on the input 출력: 입력에 대한 프로세스의 결과 Feedback is typically generated when the output idifferent from the target or expected outcome 피드백: 일반적으로 출력이 목표 또는 예상 결과와 다를 때 생성됨

EFFECTIVENESS VS. EFFICIENCY 설명하기

효과성과 효율성은 시스템의 성능을 평가하는 데 사용되는 중요한 개념이다. 하지만 두 개념은 서로 다른 측면을 강조하며, 균형 있게 고려해야 한다. 시험에 나오니 확실하게 외워야 함.의 시스템의 효과성: 시스템 출력의 정확성에 대한 척도 시스템의 효율성: 출력을 얻는 데 필요한 입력(자원)의 양에 대한 척도다. (정량적 척도)

(T/F) Q1.Effectiveness means the system's output is correct or matches the goal.

True

Q2. Efficiency measures how correct the system's result is.

False

Q3. Efficiency is about using fewer resources to produce the same output

True

Q4. Only efficiency matters when evaluating a system.

False

Q5. Effectiveness can be measured in both qualitative and quantitative

True

(Effectiveness / Efficiency) measures the correctness of the output.

Effectiveness

Q7. (Effectiveness / Efficiency) measures the amount of resources used.

Efficiency

Q8. (Effectiveness / Efficiency) is about doing the right thing.

Effectiveness

Q9. (Effectiveness / Efficiency) is about doing things with fewer inputs.

Efficiency

Q10. It is important to balance both (Effectiveness / Efficiency).

Effectiveness, Efficiency

( ) is an approach for researching and planning new systems, which includes the following 5 steps

SAA, 시스템 분석 접근 방식 (SAA) 5단계이다. SAA는 새로운 시스템을 연구하고 계획하기 위한 접근 방식으로 5단계로 나눈다. 집 지을 때도 도면따라 짓는 것처럼, 시스템도 체계적인 단계를 거쳐야 성공적으로 만들 수 있다.

Fill in the correct labels for the five-step SAA process [ A ] → [ B ] → [ C ] → [ D ] → [ E ]

A = Planning B = Systems Analysis C = Systems Design D = Systems Implementation. 실행 E = Systems Evaluation

A - 4 B - 2 C - 3 D - 1 E - 5

Which of the following are included in the Planning stage of the Systems Analysis Approach? (Choose all that apply) A. Install the new system B. Build a team C. Conduct preliminary research D. Identify system scope and limitations E. Develop system designs

✅ B. Build a team ✅ C. Conduct preliminary research ✅ D. Identify system scope and limitation

The Systems Analysis stage focuses on identifying user needs and system requirements.

True

The Systems Evaluation stage happens before the system is installed. (T/F)

False

In the Systems Design stage, at least two or more alternative system designs are developed. (T/F)

True

What is a set of physical entities and procedures that are artificially designed and developed for efficient and effective distribution of collectible information

Information System

Which of the following are correct features of information systems? (Choose ALL that apply) A. Information systems are naturally created over time. B. Information systems are designed and developed by humans. C. Information systems are simple and consist of a single function. D. Information systems are used to achieve a specific purpose. E. Information systems are artificially built and have complex structures.

✅ B. Information systems are designed and developed by humans. ✅ D. Information systems are used to achieve a specific purpose. ✅ E. Information systems are artificially built and have complex structures. ✅ B. 정보 시스템은 인간에 의해 설계되고 개발됩니다. ✅ D. 정보 시스템은 특정 목적을 달성하기 위해 사용됩니다. ✅ E. 정보 시스템은 인공적으로 구축되며 복잡한 구조를 가지고 있습니다.

Which of the following are TRUE features of information systems? (Choose ALL that apply) A. Information systems are designed with a purpose. B. Information systems are simple tools like calculators. C. Information systems are man-made (not natural). D. Information systems have complex structures. E. Information systems are random and not goal-driven.

✅ A. ✅ C. ✅ D.

Which of the following correctly describe information systems? (Choose ALL that apply) A. They evolve naturally without human control. B. They are used to solve user problems efficiently. C. They are created with specific goals. D. They always stay the same and cannot be changed. E. They are composed of multiple interconnected components.

✅ B. ✅ C. ✅ E.

Q3. What are the correct characteristics of an information system? (Choose ALL that apply) A. Artificially designed B. Naturally occurring C. Complex in structure D. Purpose-driven E. Automatically formed by society

✅ A. ✅ C. ✅ D.

The main purpose of an information system is to provide users with the correct information at the correct time. (O/X)

True

INFORMATION SYSTEMS: FUNCTIONS

정보 시스템의 기능 1. Identification of the information ne의eds of users 사용자의 정보 요구 식별 2. Collection of information about entities 개체에 대한 정보 수집(entities = 매체, 사물, 데이터) 3. Organization and retrieval of information about entities 개체에 대한 정보 구성 및 검색(정보를 사용자가 검색할 수 있도록 해야함) 4. Provision of information about entities to users 사용자에게 개체에 대한 정보 제공(사용자에게 유용한 방식으로 제공할 수 있어야 함) 5. Deepening of information about entities 개체에 대한 정보 심층 분석 6. Ability to identify general information needs of information system user groups 정보 시스템 사용자 그룹의 일반적인 정보 요구 식별 능력 7. Public relations (outreach/marketing + user support) 홍보 (아웃리치/마케팅 + 사용자 지원)

Q. Which of the following are correct functions of an information system? (Choose ALL that apply) A. Collecting user passwords for storage B. Identifying user information needs C. Organizing and retrieving entity information D. Providing entertainment services E. Supporting public relations and user outreach F. Deepening understanding of entity information

✅ B. Identifying user information needs ✅ C. Organizing and retrieving entity information ✅ E. Supporting public relations and user outreach ✅ F. Deepening understanding of entity information

BASIC MODEL OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS Fill in the Blanks: [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] ↖ ↗ 5 [ 4 ] Complete the model with the correct terms: (1) _____: People with problems and needs (2) _____: Information or entities (3) _____: [Box in the middle] (4) _____: User has information or entities (5) _____: Response or reaction to results

Input1 – Input2 – Information System – Output – Feedback

워드 17페이지부터 다시 문제 만들기

깅

DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF INFO SYSTEMS

Phase ( ): Using information technology to automate and increase the efficiency of organizing information Phase ( ): Manage all of the information produced or collected by an organization to improve the productivity of the organization Phase ( ): Expand networks beyond one organization to improve society overall.

Developmental Stages of Information Systems Which of the following are features of Phase II in the development of information systems? (Choose ALL that apply) A. Managing organization-wide information B. Increasing society-wide communication C. Using expert systems and MIS D. Using information for productivity improvement E. Focusing on entertainment services

✅ Answer: ✅ A. ✅ C. ✅ D.

True or False (O/X) Q1. Phase I focuses on automating and increasing efficiency using low-level systems like POS. Q2. Phase III limits information systems to one single organization. Q3. The development of information systems depends on the openness of the organization.

True False True

A-2 B-3 C-1

Q. Which of the following are characteristics of Organizational Information Systems? (Choose ALL that apply) A. Focus on society-wide effectiveness B. Supports decision making in organizations C. Includes DPS, MIS, and DSS D. Uses distributed processing E. Manages information for organizational operations

✅ Answer: ✅ B. ✅ C. ✅ E.

A-3 B-2 C-1

rue or False (O/X) Q1. Organizational Information Systems are mainly focused on individuals outside the organization. Q2. Integrated Information Systems can enhance social services beyond a single organization. Q3. DPS is part of Integrated Information Systems.

❌ False ✅ True ❌ False (📝 DPS는 Organizational Information System 안에 있음)

Q. Fill in the blanks: Integrated Information Systems use __________ processing instead of __________ processing. A. Distributed / Central B. Central / Linear C. Automatic / Manual D. Private / Public

Distributed / Central

<COMPUTER-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMS> Q1. Which of the following are examples of Data Retrieval Systems? (Choose ALL that apply) A. POS (Point of Sale) B. Lexis Nexis C. DBMS (Database Management System) D. Library catalog E. Bank deposit systems

✅ Answer: ✅ A. POS ✅ C. DBMS ✅ E. Bank deposit systems

✅ Answer: A-3 B-2 C-1

True or False (O/X) Q1. Metadata systems give access to full texts of documents. Q2. Data Retrieval Systems organize raw data into usable forms. Q3. Full-text systems allow users to retrieve sentences or paragraphs related to a query.

✅ Answer: ❌ False (📝 메타데이터는 정보에 대한 정보만 제공하고, 원문은 X) ✅ Answer: ✅ True ✅ Answer: ✅ True

Fill in the blank: A __________ system provides structured data about documents like titles, authors, and abstracts, but not the documents themselves. A. Full-text B. Metadata C. Retrieval D. DSS

✅ Answer: ✅ B. Metadata

<Intelligent Information Systems> Q1. Which of the following are examples of Intelligent Information Systems? (Choose ALL that apply) A. Google Translate B. Wikipedia C. POS system D. Medical diagnosis AI E. DBMS

✅ Answer: ✅ A. ✅ B. ✅ D.

A-3 B-1 C-2

True or False (O/X) Q1. Expert Systems use artificial intelligence to provide general web search results. Q2. Hypermedia systems use hyperlinks to organize information. Q3. QA systems rely on natural language processing to understand user queries.

✅ Answer: ❌ False (전문가 시스템은 좁은 맥락에서 전문 문제를 해결하는 데 초점이 있음.) ✅ Answer: ✅ True ✅ Answer: ✅ True

Q4. Fill in the blank: An __________ system uses AI to make decisions in specialized fields such as medical diagnosis or autonomous driving. A. Hypermedia B. Metadata C. Expert D. Retrieval

C. Expert

<GENERATIVE AI > True / False (O/X) Generative AI can only be used with internet access and cannot run on local machines.

False 📝 로컬에서도 실행 가능하다! (예: 사내 서버에서 LLM 사용)

Q2. Which of the following are reasons why Generative AI might produce false or biased results? (Choose ALL that apply) A. Poor prompt wording B. Task complexity C. Perfect data input D. Biased or missing data E. Strong human supervision

✅ Answer: ✅ A. Poor prompt wording ✅ B. Task complexity ✅ D. Biased or missing data

✅ Answer: A-1 B-2 C-3

Q4. Which of the following are ethical concerns related to Generative AI? (Choose ALL that apply) A. Academic integrity B. File compression speed C. Misinformation D. Consent E. GPU temperature

✅ Answer: ✅ A. Academic integrity ✅ C. Misinformation ✅ D. Consent

<Perspectives on Information Society> Q1. Which of the following are correct perspectives on the information society? (Choose ALL that apply) A. Economic Approach B. Magical Approach C. Social Approach D. Cultural Approach E. Strategic Approach

? Answer: ? A. Economic Approach ? C. Social Approach ? D. Cultural Approach

A-3 B-2 C-1 D-4

True or False (O/X) Q1. The comprehensive approach combines multiple perspectives to understand information society. Q2. The cultural approach focuses only on economic data and market analysis.

✅ Answer: ✅ True ✅ Answer: ❌ False

A-3 B-2 C-4 D-1

Q2. Which of the following are examples of cultural changes in the information society? (Choose ALL that apply) A. Shift from abstract to scientific knowledge B. Rise of technocrats in government C. Object-oriented production D. Increase in equality and human rights E. Individualized production and customization

✅ A. ✅ C. ✅ E.

True / False (O/X) Q3. In the information society, multimedia becomes more accessible and widespread. Q4. Economic changes include a reduction in private sector activity.

✅ Answer: ✅ True ✅ Answer: ❌ False (📝 오히려 민간 부문 확대됨!)

Measuring Information Society (정보 사회 측정 방법) Q1. Match the measurement method with its description: | A. Industry Structure Analysis | 1. Proportion of workers in info-related jobs | | B. Employment Structure Analysis | 2. Measures tech spread, distribution, usage | | C. Information Index Method | 3. Share of info industry in national economy |

A-3 B-1 C-2

Q2. Which of the following are included in the Information Index Method? (Choose ALL that apply) A. Internet access and data usage B. Employment rate in agriculture C. Distribution of information D. Spread of information technology E. Consumption of information

✅ A. ✅ C. ✅ D. ✅ E.

True / False (O/X) Q3. The Employment Structure Analysis measures how much of a nation's budget goes to data use. Q4. Industry Structure Analysis focuses on how much of the economy is based on the information industry.

✅ Answer: ❌ False (그건 Information Index Method에 해당함!) ✅ Answer: ✅ True

Fill in the blank: __________ Analysis measures the share of workers involved in information activities. A. Employment Structure B. Industry Structure C. Cultural Shift D. Information Flow

A. Employment Structure

A-1 B-2 C-3 D-4 E-5

Q2. Which of the following are part of the 5 moral dimensions of the information age? (Choose ALL that apply) A. Information rights and obligations B. Programming efficiency C. Accountability and control D. Health insurance policies E. System quality F. Property rights ✅ Answer:

✅ Answer: ✅ A. ✅ C. ✅ E. ✅ F.

True / False (O/X) Q3. “System quality” refers to concerns about intellectual property ownership. Q4. The “Quality of life” dimension covers issues like fairness, job loss, and crime.

✅ Answer: ❌ False (※ 그건 Property rights에 해당!) ✅ Answer: ✅ True

A-2 B-1 C-3 D-4

Q2. Which of the following are general types of information needs? (Choose ALL that apply) A. Contextual/situational B. Informational overload C. Nutritional D. Temporal E. Decision-making

✅ A. ✅ C. ✅ D. ✅ E.

True / False (O/X) Q3. Temporal needs refer to long-term goals rather than immediate constraints. Q4. Emotional or cognitive conditions can influence the creation of information needs.

✅ Answer: ❌ False 📝 Temporal은 "지금 당장", "시간에 따른" 정보 필요임! ✅ Answer: ✅ True

ppr 27

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