Plumbing Arithmetic Terms 5

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Reduction in the level of national income and output usually accompanied by the fall in the general price level

Deflation

Market whereby there is only one buyer of an item for which there are no good substitute

Monopsony

Market situation where there is only one seller with many buyer

Monopoly

A condition where only few individuals produce a certain product and that any action of one will lead to almost the same action of the others

Oligopoly

A market which there are few buyers but many sellers

Oligopsony

Market situation where there are few sellers and few buyers

Bilateral Oligopoly

Market situation where there is one sellers and one buyer

Bilateral Monopoly

Situation where two suppliers dominate the market for a commonly service

Duopoly

Market situation where there are only two buyers and many sellers

Duopsony

Gross profit, sales less cost of goods sold, as a percentage of a sale

Gross Margin

Amount by which revenue from sales exceeds costs in a business

Profit Margin

Future value less the present value

Discount

The profit derived from a project or business enterprise without consideration of obligations of finantial contributions

Economic Return

Intangible value which is actually operating concern due to its operation

Going Value

Value which has a disinterested party, different from the buyer and seller, that determines the price acceptable to both parties

Fair Value

A method of computing depreciation in which the annual charge is a fixed percentage of the depreciation book value at the beginning of the year

Declining Balance Method

Method of depreciation whereby the amount of money is spread uniformly over the estimated life of the asset in terms of the periods or units of output

Straight Line Method

Method of depreciation where a fixed sum of money is regularly deposited at compound interest in a real or imaginary fund in order to accumulate an amount equal to the total depreciation of an asset at the end of the asset's estimated life

Sinking Fund Method

True value of interest rate computed by equations for compound interest for 1-year period

Effective Interest

Interest payment divided by principal amount

Interest Rate

Represents ownership and enjoys certain preferences than ordinary stock

Prefered Stock

Represents ownership of stockholders who have a residual claim on the assets of the corporation after all other claims have been settled

Common Stock

A certificate of indebtedness of a corporation usually for period not less than 10 years and guaranteed by mortgage on certain assets of the corporation

Bond

Bond where the corporation pledges securities which it owns, stocks, bonds of its subsidiaries

Collateral Trust Bond

Bond which does not have security except a promise to pay the issuing corporation

Debenture Bond

Bond issued jointly by two or more corporations

Joint Bond

The security of the bond is a mortgage on certain specified asset of a corporation

Mortgage Bond

Bond where the corporation's owners names are recorded and the interest is paid periodically to the owners

Registered Bond

Bond to which coupons are attached indicating the interest due and the date when such interest is to be paid

Coupon Bond

Sequence of numbers where the succeeding term is greater than the preceding term

Divergent Series

Sequence of numbers where the succeeding term is less than the preceding term

Convergent Series

Unsuitable or unusual combination

Dissonant Series

Without change of intervals

Isometric Series

Statement of truth which is admitted without proof; proposition of a general logical nature

Axiom

Part of theorem which is assumed to be true

Hypothesis

Statement of truth which follows little or no proof from the theorem

Corollary

Refers to the construction of drawing lines and figures

Postulate

Mathematical statement which has neither been proved nor denied

Conjecture

Proved proposition which is useful mainly as a preliminary; ancillary theorem whose result is not target

Lemma

Proposition that is reached from given premises

Conclusions

A mistaken belief, especially one based on unsound argument

Fallacy

A statement of proposition that despite sound reasoning, leads to a conclusion that seems senseless

Paradox

An equation which is satisfied by all values of the variable

Rational Equation

An equation in which variables appear under radical symbol

Irrational Equation

An equation which has an extra root

Redundant Equation

An equation in which some or all of the known quantities are represented by letters

Literal Equation

Has fewer roots than its original

Defective Equation

An equation whose members are equal only for certain events

Conditional Equation

Counting numbers

Natural Numbers

Non-terminating and non-repeating

Irrational Numbers

Non-terminating but repeating

Rational Numbers

Count objects in a given collection

Cardinal Numbers

State position of individual objects in a sequence

Ordinal Numbers

Equal to the sum of all its possible divisors except the number itself

Perfect Number

Sum of all its possible divisors except the number itself is greater than the integer

Abundant Number

Sum of all its possible divisors except the number itself is less than the integer

Defective Number

Two integers whose each is the sum of all possible divisors of each other

Amicable or Friendly Numbers

Quality of being physically elongated

Plasticity

Property by virtue by which a body tends to return to its original size or shape after a deformation

Elasticity

Ability to deform under pressure

Malleability

Ability to withstand tensile force as it undergoes plastic deformation

Ductility

Ability of material to break into pieces upon application of tensile force without any elongation

Brittleness

Ability to be easily bend or change of shape

Flexibility

Units of force

Pound, Dyne, Newton

Units of work

Joules, Kilowatt-Hour, Erg

Units of power

Watt, Kilowatt, Horsepower

Napier's Rule states that the sine of any middle part is equal to the product of _____ of the opposite parts

cosine

Napier's Rule states that the sine of any middle part is equal to the product of _____ of the adjacent parts

tangent

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