3rd discussion

the origin of nature

470 to 395

altruistic

altruistic

self — reflection

✅

✅

he is the first to question the nature of human thoughts

he is the first to study: — how people live — what is right and wrong — what makes a person good

— basic needs — physiological needs — safety needs — psychological needs — belongingness and love needs — esteem needs — self fulfillment needs — self actualisation

categorized as an idealist

— belief in perfect, unchanging concepts — truth is found through reason — focus on the “ideal” life — foundation of theory of forms

idealist

✅

✅

(1) epistemology (2) ethics

— what is knowledge — how can we acquire knowledge

socrates believed knowledge is inborn, people are bord with knowledge, we just need to “discover” this aristotle believed that knowledge comes from experience, people are born without knowledge and they acquire it through experiences as people grew older

facilitator

teachers help individuals discover their inborn knowledge knowledge can be discovered without help from other individuals, but it will take long before you can discover them the purpose of teachers is to help acquire the knowledge in a more faster way

goodness (virtue) — by nature, man is good if a person understands what is good, they will naturally do good people do wrong not because they wanted to, but because they do not know what is right

white lies

an ethical theory that focuses on duty and moral rules rather than consequences what matters is doing the right thing because it is right, not because of what you will gain or lose

loathed by his fellow athenians reason: (1) ugly appearance (2) revolutionary ideas which contradicted traditional beliefs

(1) university (2) group of followers who aspire to be sages