EM Waves and Spectrum

John Marabiles · 25問 · 1年前

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the greatest physics discovery of the 19th century

electromagnetic waves

This law describes the induction of emf in a conductor

Faraday’s first law

This law quantifies the emf produced in the conductor

Faraday’s second law

This law states that magnetic field in space around an electric current is proportional to the electric current which serves as its source, just as the electric field in space is proportional to the charge which serves as its source

Ampere’s law

This law states that for any closed loop path, the sum of the length elements times the magnetic field in the direction of the length element is equal to the permeability times) the electric current enclosed in the loop

Ampere’s law

It states that electric field can produce a magnetic field, and a magnetic field can produce an electric field

circularity

Em waves are also referred to as

electromagnetic radiation

In ______, he was the first to recognize that the equations of electromagnetism lead to the existence of electromagnetic waves

1865, James Clerk Maxwell

He demonstrated the generation and detection of radio waves in ________

Heinrich Hertz, 1887

He theorized that waves travel at the speed of light

James Clerk Maxwell

He showed that waves travel at the speed of light

Heinrich Hertz

In _____, he transmitted recognizable electronic signals from his family home to a vertical raised antenna more than a mile away

1895, Guglielmo Marconi

He had the first transatlantic morse code transmission from England to to Newfoundland through EM waves

Guglielmo Marconi

He had 700 patents in the United States and Europe that covered every aspect of science and technology

Nikola Tesla

He was a genius whose discoveries had a pivotal role in advancing us into the modern era

Nikola Tesla

His most notable achievements include the first audio radio transmission in 1900 The first two-way transatlantic transmission in 1900 and the first broadcast of entertainment in in 1906

Reginald Fessenden

He did the first all-electronic television broadcast only at the age of 15

Philo T. Fansworth

He was the first person to solve the problem of coordinating electronically scanned television cameras and electronically scanned television receivers that produced 26 clear moving images

Philo T. Fansworth

He is most commonly known for inventing frequency-modulated or FM radio in ______

Edwin Armstrong, 1933

It improved the audio signal of radio by controlling the noise static caused by electrical equipment and the earth's atmosphere

fm radio

Any moving electric charge is surrounded by an electric field and a magnetic field: ✅❌

✅

A changing magnetic field creates a changing electric field: ✅❌

✅

In the main coil changing electric current produces av changing magnetic field. Which then creates a changing electric field in another coil producing an electric current: ✅❌

✅

mechanisms of em waves: ✅

✅

fundamental properties of em waves: ✅

✅

This waves are those which the particles of the medium move parallel to the propagation of the wave

longitudinal waves

This waves are those in which the particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction of the propagation of the wave

transverse waves

The highest point in a wave

crest

The lowest point in a wave

trough

It is the transfer of energy and momentum from one point of the medium to another point of the medium without actual transport of matter between two points

wave motion

It is regarded as a flow of energy from a vibrating electric and magnetic field

wave

It is some sort of periodic displacement of an elastic medium from its normal position

wave motion

These are waves which require medium for their propagation

mechanical waves

Waves in which particles of waves moving parallel to the direction of the propagation of waves

longitudinal waves

Waves in which particles move perpendicular to the direction of the propagation of waves

transverse waves

These are waves of energy that travel through Earth's layers

seismic waves

These waves travel through the interior of the Earth

body waves

Two types of particle motion result in two types of body waves:

primary, secondary

This are compressional waves that are longitudinal in nature

primary

This are shear waves that are transverse in nature

secondary

These are waves that are created as a result of vibrations between an electric field and a magnetic field

electromagnetic waves

types of em waves: ✅

✅

waves travel along the Earth's surface

surface waves

Also called ground roll, are surface waves that travel as ripples with motions that are similar to those of waves on the surface of water

rayleigh waves

These waves are horizontally polarized shear waves, existing only in the presence of a semi-infinite medium overlain by an upper layer of finite thickness

love waves

characteristics of waves: ✅

✅

Types of waves:

transverse, longitudinal, mechanical, seismic, body, em, surface

The maximum distance that the particles of a waves medium vibrate from their rest position

amplitude

It is the maximum displacement

amplitude

It is the point half way in between a crest and a trough in the vertical direction

equilibrium

We measure to the crest instead of the trough because then the amplitude is a positive number: ✅❌

✅

In ________, particles of the medium move up and down at right angles to the direction of the wave

transverse waves

It is the difference in height between the crest and the resting position

wave amplitude of a transverse wave

It is the highest point particles of the medium reach

crest

The higher the crests are, the greater the amplitude of the wave

crest

In a longitudinal wave, particles of the medium move back and forth in the same direction as the wave: ✅❌

✅

It is the maximum distance particles move from their resting positions when the medium is compressed by the wave

wave amplitude of a longitudinal wave

These waves have areas of compression and areas of rarefaction

longitudinal waves

It is the distance from any point on a wave to an identical point on the next wave

wavelength

The number of cycles or vibrations per unit of time

frequency

The number of waves produced in a given amount of time

frequency

Distance between identical points on consecutive waves

wavelength

Distance between origin and crest (or trough)

amplitude

Number of waves that pass a point per unit time

frequency

wavelength x frequency

speed

The time that it takes a complete cycle or wave oscillation to occur

period

It is represented by T with second (s) as the unit of measure

period

It is the speed which the disturbance propagates through the medium

velocity

The speed at which the wave moves through the medium

wave speed

Properties of em waves: ✅

✅

Place the fingers of your right hand along the direction of E and curl your fingers in the direction of B. Your thumb then points along direction

hand rule

Speed of light: ✅

✅

The basic equations of electricity and magnetism are known as

Maxwell’s equations

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